Can neutrinos really travel faster than light? Why?

20 1 1, CERN's OPERA experiment announced a news that shocked the scientific community and even the whole people to eat melons. They observed that neutrinos move faster than light! When the news came out, public opinion was in an uproar, which was simply a blockbuster in the field of science! Finally, it proved to be an oolong experiment, and the foundation of the building of relativity is still very solid!

So how did the OPERA experiment come to the conclusion of superluminal? Let's review it.

OPERA experiment neutrino superluminal event

Let a high-energy proton collide with other particles at a speed very close to the speed of light (because Einstein's theory of relativity can't reach the speed of light). High-energy collisions will crush particles and produce a series of "fragments". Some of these "fragments" are composed of neutrinos and unstable particles, which will decay into neutrinos. Neutrinos are very light, millions of times lighter than a single electron, but they still have mass.

Because neutrinos hardly interact with other substances, we emit a neutrino, which can penetrate the earth at will. When all other particles are blocked by particles on the ground, neutrinos continue to move like free fall, only affected by the gravity of the surrounding objects.

In more than a year, OPERA detected about 16000 such neutrinos, and measured some characteristics of these neutrinos, including arrival time. When scientists look at the data, their findings are absolutely shocking! According to the energy and propagation distance of these neutrinos, scientists can accurately calculate the time it takes for these neutrinos to reach the OPERA detector from the place where CERN is produced. The result should be basically the same as the speed of light in vacuum! That is to say, theoretically, the speed of neutrinos is close to the speed of light, so there is no difference!

But scientists have found that neutrinos arrive about 60 nanoseconds earlier than the speed of light, which is 60 nanoseconds faster. The experimental results, whether high-energy neutrinos or low-energy neutrinos, are theoretically impossible! At that time, many people couldn't sit still, so they came out to refute!

But the experimenters claimed that their experiment was very good and there was no problem at all! The results of this revolutionary experiment must be strictly examined and investigated by the scientific community. Mainly consider whether the experimenter is using the wrong results to make scientific fraud, which has also happened in history; Whether there is an unknown error in the experiment! Or does this really indicate that a potential physics revolution is coming? So scientists in other places began to prepare experiments.

Fermilab and Kamoka of Japan are going to conduct independent experiments.

Japan's plan is that scientists make high-energy neutrinos similar to the OPERA experiment and send them from the East China Sea to Kameyama, 295 kilometers away, which is called T2K neutrino experiment.

Similarly, the American plan is to launch a beam of neutrinos from Fermilab to Sudan mine in Minnesota. How far is Fermilab from Sudan Mine? Incredible distance: 732 kilometers. It's exactly the same distance as OPERA's experiment! It's called the Minos neutrino experiment.

Great reversal

These two results may be the most boring results, but they are also the most anticipated choices. Neutrinos don't move faster than the speed of light, and the reason why OPERA experiment can reach superluminal speed is because of their unique mistakes in the experiment. (It turned out to be a line fault)

OPERA experiment will face ridicule from peers. Sergio bertolucci, the project leader, was very embarrassed. It was an own goal that caused such a big sensation!

Just before Fermilab and Kamoka of Japan could finish the experiment, in March of 20 12, the OPERA team announced after self-examination that the speed of neutrinos in the experiment exceeded the speed of light, which was caused by two system errors:

This is the beginning and end of neutrino superluminal! So can neutrinos exceed the speed of light?

In the theory of relativity, particles with mass can only approach the speed of light infinitely in a vacuum, and the speed of neutrinos cannot be distinguished from the speed of light. What is said here is vacuum.

If many phenomena can exceed the speed of light in the medium, for example, electrons can accelerate to exceed the speed of light in water and emit blue light radiated by Cherenkov!

In addition, neutrinos can also exceed the speed of light in the explosion of stars or supernovae, because light is generated in the core of stars, and other charged particles will interact with each other when they spread outward, and the movement is extremely slow. It takes tens of thousands of years for a typical photon to reach the surface from the core of a star. And neutrinos can easily pass through any dense matter!

Therefore, we should correctly understand the phenomenon of superluminal. What we know about ftl at present is cheating!

There is a view that the time of light returns to zero. According to this view, light should be relatively static relative to the whole universe. Light, very common, is ubiquitous in the universe, but its essence is profound. It connects the whole universe together. For photons, time is zero. Does it have the concept of space? Not only that, but many unknowns of light need human beings to study and explore. Light may be a key to understand the nature of the universe.

Neutrino, known to mankind as its super penetration, is contained in its name: (1), "neutral", that is, neutral, unaffected by electromagnetic force and moving unimpeded; (2), "micro", that is, small, maybe there is no particle smaller than it now. As we know, more than 99 points in an atom are all spaces, but when we look at the nucleus level, the isolation region level and the deeper level of human cognition, its density is gradually increasing, and its internal space may be smaller, but it is also smaller than there. In other words, most material paths are spaces. This is another reason why neutrinos have strong penetrating power. For example, when neutrinos pass through atoms, most of them are in space, and the probability of encountering electrons and nuclei is already very low. However, the space inside the electron and the nucleus accounts for the vast majority, so the possibility of encountering particles smaller than it (I think it exists) or entities harder than it is too small. Furthermore, because it is small and has a small mass, the interaction with other objects is bound to be small, which is also a reason for its strong penetration.

Neutrinos are slower than photons. Why is it smaller? I don't know. It may be that the mechanism of photons emitted by objects is different from that of neutrinos. The problem of the topic is speed, but I don't know much, I can only say something I know.

In our universe, nothing with static mass can reach the speed of light or superluminal. Only light with a static mass of 0 can fly at the speed of light. The reason why the expansion of the universe is faster than the speed of light is because the motion of space itself is not limited by relativity, and the expansion of the universe itself does not transmit information. Although the speed of quantum entanglement is several orders of magnitude faster than the speed of light, quantum entanglement can only be used to encrypt information at present, but it cannot transmit information.

It can be said that since scientists proved that the speed of light cannot be surpassed and the speed of light remains unchanged, people have been looking for the phenomenon of superluminal in the universe, and neutrinos are particles with extremely small mass, which can move close to the speed of light themselves, but cannot exceed the speed of light.

20 1 1 year, scientists found that the speed of neutrinos exceeded the speed of light in Opera experiments. This news directly caused a great earthquake in physics. Many physicists advocate repeating the Opera experiment, but after repeating it, it is found that neutrinos are still faster than light. It was not until 20 12 that the so-called neutrino was found to be faster than light, because the optical fiber connector was loose. So neutrino superluminal is actually a big oolong. The director who led the neutrino superluminal experiment also resigned. Later, his successor re-measured the speed of neutrinos and proved that neutrinos did not exceed the speed of light.

Nowadays, the scientific community no longer believes that any particle can move faster than light. The speed of light seems to be one of the basic frames of our universe. The speed of light can be surpassed, which means the collapse of all human scientific theories, which means that all human sciences for hundreds of years are wrong.

If the speed of light can be surpassed, it means that all our current theories are wrong, but our current scientific and technological level is completely developed by previous scientific theories.