Notes on Classical Chinese in Dengzuo County of Lao An Xuetian

1. "Notes of the Old Learning Temple" Tian Dengzuo County, anonymous, who touched a story recorded in the "Notes of the Old Learning Temple" by Lu You.

Tian Deng is a person, and there is no specific official position in the text, but "for the county" can be understood as that he became a county magistrate. Because there is a word "Deng" in his name with the same sound as "Deng", so he asked the little official to write a list and so on, and he should avoid his name. If he accidentally violates his taboo, he will be furious and many of his officials will be whipped for it. Therefore, when officials write the list, they write "fire" wherever they need to write "light". In this way, people in the whole state called "light" "fire" with placards.

This story is also the source of the saying "only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps".

I didn't know what the questioner was asking, so I translated and explained it. Welcome to ask questions and exchange.

2. The original translation of the classical Chinese "Only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps" Tian Dengzuo County keeps his name secret, and he will get angry when he touches it. Many officials and soldiers will be accused. Therefore, this state is called "fire". In the Yuan Dynasty, people were allowed to visit our state. The official then announced the city's book list, saying that "the state government set fire to it for three days according to law."

In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a state magistrate named Tiandeng, who was tyrannical and arrogant. Because there is a word "Deng" in his name, people in the state are not allowed to talk about any word with the same sound as "Deng". Therefore, as long as it is homophonic with the word "Deng", it must be replaced by other words. Anyone who violates his taboo will be accused of "insulting the local governor", ranging from imprisonment to punishment. Many officials and soldiers were flogged for saying something with the same pronunciation as Deng. The annual Lantern Festival is coming. According to past practice, fireworks and lanterns were set off for three days to celebrate. The state government should post a notice in advance so that people can come and watch the lights. But this time, the official who posted the notice was embarrassed. How to write? Using the word "light" violates the satrap; The word "light" is not used, and the meaning is not clear. The little official who wrote the notice thought for a long time, but he could only change the word "light" into "fire" In this way, the notice was written as "the country set fire to the fire for three days as usual". After the announcement was posted, the people were shocked and noisy. Especially some foreign guests, as well as Zhang Er monks, really thought that the government would set fire to the city for three days! Everyone packed their bags and scrambled to leave this troublesome place. The local people are already very dissatisfied with Tianet's usual tyranny. This time, after reading this notice posted by the government, they were even more angry. He said: "Only state officials can set fires, but people are not allowed to light lamps. What a world this is! "

Metaphor allows officials to set fire to run amok, and people are not allowed to light lamps. It is a metaphor that reactionary rulers can run amok, but the legitimate words and deeds of ordinary people are subject to various restrictions.

Source Song Luyou's Notes on the Old Learning Hall, Volume 5: "Tian Deng is a county, and he is anonymous. Those who touch him will be angry, and his officers and men will be condemned. So for the country, the light is fire. The lights were turned off in Shangyuan, allowing people to visit the state. Officials then published a list of books in the city, saying, "The state set fire to it for three days as usual." "

The example is you. If we occasionally say something about interference, you say it's unlucky. Cao Qingxue Qin's Dream of Red Mansions Back to the Seventy-seventh Session

Grammar: complex sentences; As an object and clause; derogatory sense

3. Translate Lu You's Notes on Learning for the Elderly, which is a very valuable note. Its contents are mostly personal experiences, personal experiences, personal experiences, or experiences gained by the author from reading and investigation, and then written in a writer's fluent style. Therefore, Notes of Laoxue Temple is not only rich in content, but also full of interest, and it is the best in the series of notes in the Song Dynasty.

translate

Hefei people were originally Li's little boys. Li often waits on him when he paints. In the long run, he is also good at painting, especially the description of horses, which is almost comparable to Li's original works. During the Jian Yan period, Zhao Guang fell into the hands of the nomads from the army. Jinbing heard that he was good at drawing, so he let the painting steal the woman. Zhao Guang firmly refused, and refused to say that he would not. Jinbing threatened him with a knife. Seeing that he was still disobedient, he cut off his right thumb and let him go. However, Zhao Guang actually painted with his left hand. When the situation calmed down, Zhao Guang only painted Master Guanyin, and a few years later, he died. In fact, most of Li's Guanyin paintings hidden by today's literati are made.

4. Notes of Tian Dengzuo County Lu You mentioned in Notes of the Old School Temple: "Tian Dengzuo County has a strong consciousness, and those who touch it will be angry, and officers and men will whip more, so it is called the state of fire. It is worth lighting a lamp in the Yuan Dynasty to make everyone in the state take care of the tour, so officials announced the book list on the city day:' The state set fire for three days as usual'. "

Tiandeng became a state official and turned his name into a taboo. Because of its name "Deng", it is homophonic with "light". He forbade people around him to talk about any word with the same sound as Deng. People who violate his rules will fly into a rage. Most officials and ranks were flogged. So the people of the whole state had to call "light" "fire". On the Lantern Festival, people are allowed to visit and enjoy themselves in national areas. So the official wrote in the document published in the city center: "According to the usual practice, the country will set fire for three days."

Taboo-taboo;

Hit with a whip, stick or board.

So-so.

Song and Shen, two ambassadors to North Korea, both live in Yuzhong Temple in Yanshan Mountain. I saw a Tang tablet with beautiful words, with more than 3 thousand words. Yuan used Ming Ji, that is, reciting it over and over again. Wang Su listened and walked, if inadvertently. Yuan Yong returned to the library, hoping to admire his ability, and picked up a pen to chase books. Can't reporter que, where que fourteen words. Wang Su regarded it as a fallacy, that is, taking the pen to fill the vacancy and changing the yuan to four or five. Writing in other languages, without pity. Yuan used scary clothes. As the saying goes, "Don't boast that I can beat others, there are more people who beat us." Believe it or not.

Translation:

In the Song Dynasty, he went north with Shen and stayed at Yuzhong Temple in Yanshan. I saw a stone tablet left over from the Tang Dynasty, with beautiful words, more than 3,000 words. Yuan Yong usually has a strong memory, so he copied down the inscription and recited it as he walked. Wang Su listened and walked as if he didn't care. Yuan Yong went back to the place where he had been and wanted to boast about his talent. He picked up a pen and wrote this article. If he can't remember, it's empty, with fourteen words missing. Su Wang read it, filled in all the missing words with a pen, corrected four or five mistakes in Yuan's place, put down the pen after the correction, and talked with others about other things, without any pride. Yuan Yong was both surprised and admired. As the saying goes, "Don't boast that I can surpass others. There are still many people who really surpass me! " ! Judging from this story, it seems to be true at all!

6. Tian Dengzuo County keeps his name secret and gets angry when he touches it. Many officials and minions were condemned by the list. Therefore, this state is called "fire". In the yuan dynasty, people were allowed to visit the state capital, and officials wrote a list in the city, which read:' the state capital set fire to it for three days as usual.' "This is a joke in Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, the famous idiom "only state officials are allowed to set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps" has spread to this day, satirizing those in power for allowing themselves to run amok and not giving any freedom to the masses and subordinates.

Laoxuean is on the shore of Jinghu Lake, with its back against the green hills and facing the clear water. The air is fresh and the environment is comfortable. Lu You likes his study very much. There is a poem about the old learning nunnery, which says, "There are thousands of green hills around Jinghu Lake, and a few people love savages." Another poem said: "The harder the livelihood in this life, the fewer bamboo rafts." . Today, thousands of scrolls disappear forever, and a window faintly sends the fleeting year. However, Lu You did not study behind closed doors to wipe out the eternal day, but cared about the fate and future of the motherland from that small study: "How dare Qiu Hao deceive himself? "At the beginning, I often knew it by default. Behind closed doors, there were more teachers. The big festival is difficult and dangerous, and I really dreamed it. Tang Yu is not in the eye, and it is not too late to live. "

"Sword inflammation not ended when crossing the south, although urgent, the second house is still sitting outside, and the soldiers and civilians have bricks to attack Huang Xiangzhe. When I arrived in Lin 'an, the second government said,' When the Party is in danger, I regard everything as derogatory. Today, Zhang Gai is sitting on the floor, but he still uses the story of peace. He wants to beg for the right to save it, and he wants to wait as usual. "It is also a question of punishing and cultivating young people. "Yellow is yellow Qian Shan. This refers to the collapse of Yangzhou in the third year of Jianyan. At that time, Huang Qianshan and Wang Yanbo were at loggerheads, fighting for peace, without making any military preparations, and even no scouts were sent near the temporary capital Weiyang (Yangzhou). Only when the enemy hit the city gate did they realize that they had fled in panic. Military and civilian casualties are not counted, and even civil and military officials can't protect themselves. When Huang Qianshan fled, he was still pretending to be a prime minister, so he was attacked by soldiers and civilians. This shows Lu You's indignation at this south flight.

7. The classical Chinese "Tiandeng Zuoxian Zhi" comes from a saying: In the Song Dynasty, there was a state official [the largest official in charge of a country] named Tiandeng. Tianzhou officials bully the people, bully the weak and fear the hard, and make trouble without reason. He has another question. He hates people saying his name directly, and thinks it is "offensive" and disrespectful to himself. His name is Tiandeng, and not only the word "wait" but also words that sound like "wait", such as "wait" and "light", are not allowed to be said. If the subordinates don't pay attention and say the voice of "dēng", Tian Deng will immediately ask someone to pull this down and give it a good beating. Then, none of his men dared to say the sound "dēng". This has become the law of customs!

On the fifteenth day of the first month of this year, a notice was posted in the city, which read: "The state government set fire for three days according to law."

Why set fire to it for three days? It should have been written as "putting lights on for three days" ("putting lights on" means that every household lights lanterns on the night of the Lantern Festival so that everyone can watch and play all night), but isn't this "light" homophonic with "Deng"? Think of Sunday's board, who dares to write "turn on the light"? Then, notices everywhere read "arson for three days"!

When the people saw it, they were angry and laughing. After the Lantern Festival, even the word "light" is not allowed to be mentioned. What is this world? Someone borrowed this thing and simply made up a pair of couplets:

Only state officials are allowed to set fire;

People are not allowed to light lamps!

These two sentences, which later became idioms, have been circulating for eight or nine hundred years. People often use these two sentences to describe those bad officials who bully the weak and fear the hard.

When the Japanese were a state official, he made a rule that his name should be avoided. Whoever makes a mistake in his name will become angry and most officials will be punished for it. So people have to call it "fire lamp". On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns were decorated to let the people go into the city to watch. Officials wrote a notice and announced it in the market: "As usual, the state government set fire for three days." So he said, "Only state officials are allowed to set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps." This is where it came from.

Second, the original text: Song "Notes on the Old Learning Temple"

Tian Deng is a county magistrate. He keeps his name secret. Anyone who touches him will be angry, and many officials and soldiers are condemned by the list. So for the country, the light is fire. In the Yuan Dynasty, people were allowed to visit our state. The official then revealed the list of books in the city and said, "The state set it on fire for three days according to law." Therefore, as the saying goes, "only state officials are allowed to set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps." Stupid.

Extended data

First of all, the story

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Changzhou magistrate named Tian Deng was overbearing. Because there is a word "Deng" in his name, Changzhou people are not allowed to talk about any word with the same sound as "Deng". Therefore, as long as it is homophonic with the word "Deng", it must be replaced by other words. Anyone who violates his taboo will be accused of "insulting the local governor", ranging from imprisonment to punishment. Many officials and soldiers were flogged for saying something with the same pronunciation as Deng.

The annual Lantern Festival is coming. According to past practice, fireworks and lanterns were set off for three days to celebrate. The state government should post a notice in advance so that people can come and watch the lights.

But this time, the officials who posted the notice were in a dilemma. How to write? Using the word "light" violates the satrap; The word "light" is not used, and the meaning is not clear. The little official who wrote the notice thought for a long time, but he could only change the word "light" into "fire" In this way, the notice was written as "the state set fire for three days according to law."

After the announcement was posted, the people were shocked and noisy. Especially some foreign guests, as well as Zhang Er monks, really thought that the government would set fire to the city for three days! Everyone packed their bags and left this troublesome place in a hurry. The local people are already very dissatisfied with the tyranny and insolence of Tiandeng. This time, after reading this notice posted by the government, they were even more angry. They said angrily, "Only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps. What a world this is! "

Second, enlightenment.

Through a taboo story, this paper mocks the contemporary rulers who trample on people's rights and interests, and exposes their ugly faces to the fullest.