A brief account of scholars' foreign history

1. The story abbreviation in The Scholars is a scholar, and her husband foolishly congratulated him and taught him a lesson. Jin Fan took part in the college entrance examination with her husband's travel expenses, and was reviled and laughed at by her husband. After Jin Fan took the exam without telling her husband. On the day of publication, Jin Fan had to take the hen to the market because there was no food at home. At the same time, the applicants also came to Fan's home to report good news. He is a high school juren. The neighbor went to the market to report the good news to Jin Fan, but he didn't believe it. After seeing the good news with his own eyes, Jin Fan went crazy because of excessive joy. Everyone discussed how to treat it, and finally suggested slapping Hu to cure his madness. In desperation, Hu promised to govern, but afraid of retribution, he dared not do it and drank bravely. Hu boldly reached out and slapped him to wake him up. Jin Fan returned to normal, and her husband and neighbors flattered them and showed their ugliness.

2. Which eldest brother can abbreviate The Scholars to less than 200 words? Jin Fan, who is in urgent need of help, was given a cold shoulder at home. His wife bossed around and his father-in-law scolded him in every way.

When Jin Fan's family was worried about selling chickens for rice, there was a happy news that Jin Fan had been recovered from the collection. After learning the good news, he was ecstatic. Fortunately, his father-in-law slapped him in the face before waking him up and curing his madness.

In the blink of an eye, Jin Fan's luck changed. He not only has money, rice and a house, but also slaves and maids. Jin Fan's mother was so happy that her chest could not breathe at once.

Butcher Hu is also uncharacteristic, saying everywhere that he has long known that his son-in-law is satellites, and he will not be as respectful as ordinary people. Later, Jin Fan went to Beijing to visit Zhou Jin, was recommended by Zhou Jin, won the Jinshi, and was appointed as the Shandong Jinshi.

Although Jin Fan developed eight-part essay, he only knew four books and five classics. When people mentioned Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, they thought he was a scholar in the Ming Dynasty and made a big joke.

3. After reading the composition "The Scholars", I feel that "fame and fortune have no evidence, and I have tried my best to make mistakes.

Three glasses of turbid wine will make you drunk, but the water will be weak. "This is the scholar at the beginning of a few words.

It can be said that this is also the soul of the whole book. Although these words are old-fashioned, how many people can really understand people? It is this sentence that has harmed a group of scholars.

They regard reading as a stepping stone-"Books have their own golden houses, books have their own happiness, and books have their own beautiful mothers …". For the sake of money and wealth, they can study all night, and they can go from black hair to white hair: Liang Hao, who won the top prize at the age of 80, and Zhou Jin, a "little friend", who has been the top prize for decades, are ecstatic ... For the sake of fame and fortune, scholars are haggard and their clothes are getting wider, and they never regret it.

Reading actually emphasizes a long process of seeking knowledge. Wang Guowei said it very well. Reading is divided into three realms: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the West Building alone to look at the horizon." This is my determination.

"I won't regret it when my clothes get wider, and I am haggard for Iraq." This is a struggle. "Looking for him in the crowd for thousands of Baidu, suddenly looking back, that person is in the dim light" This is the final success.

And those who are bent on seeking fame in the Confucian forest, the first step-determination, went wrong. In my opinion, reading is a process in which one constantly absorbs spiritual food.

The most important thing is to absorb it and then turn it into your own strength. This is consistent with the effect of three meals a day: eating, absorbing nutrition, and then promoting self-growth.

It's a pity that some students in the Confucian forest only pay attention to "food", that is, they study for decades, but ignore absorption. For them, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth.

Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. These people, even if they study all their lives, will not have any knowledge to absorb and transform into their own strength.

These books are useless except that they are malnourished. Of course, there are also people in the Confucian forest who are "drunk and awake alone, turbid and clear alone".

Wang Mian is one of them. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for his neighbors since childhood.

On the cow's back, he still reads widely, and even taught himself to be a famous pen for painting boneless flowers. From then on, from ordinary people to rich people in the magistrate's county came to ask for paintings.

However, Wang Mian has a different temperament and does not seek official positions. The court wrote to Zhejiang Political Department to recruit Wang Mian as an official, but he lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain.

Later generations often call Wang Mian Wang Shenjun. However, Wang Mian once worked as a function for a day in front of fame, and his heart was quiet and unmoved. Among these literati, only Wang Mian, Phoenix Feather Angle.

Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of literati and celebrities at that time, and sometimes I am angry for the meanness and ugliness of corrupt officials.

With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. No wonder later generations have a sigh that "be careful not to read a scholar, reading it is actually a daily entertainment, not a scholar".

4. Composition: I know a little about the writing of The Scholars. It's hard to say. You can argue in high school, and it is best to narrate in junior high school. I know the problem. . .., the point is to know, not to feel after reading it! The Scholars is a satirical novel. What do you know? Obviously it is truth and meaning, not reading! This is the problem. How to write? We can take The Scholars as a clue and borrow examples from life to express the rational meaning, but narrative, focusing on narrative, is not one thing, so we can only write one thing, and the teacher has already said how to write it, so I won't repeat it. Writing is not difficult, but you must point out the history of scholars and what you know, that is, the truth. Just point out the topic (not necessarily) at the end and discuss it. To put it bluntly is an allegory. I hope to adopt it.

We must know the basic content of The Scholars, and we can't talk nonsense. No content.

5. The outline of The Scholars; The Scholars is an excellent realistic satirical novel in Qing Dynasty, which mainly describes the activities and mental outlook of intellectuals, officials and gentry in the late feudal society.

"Fame and fortune have no credentials, and I have tried my best to make mistakes. Drink three glasses of turbid wine and the water will flow. "

This is the first sentence of a scholar. It can be said that this is also the soul of the whole book.

Although these words are commonplace, how many people can really understand people? It is this sentence that has harmed a group of scholars. For the sake of money and wealth, they can study around the clock. They can be from black hair to white hair: Zhou Jin with a gray beard, or "children", and Jin Fan who has been on the list for decades. They are ecstatic ... Who are the few literati who are haggard and have no regrets about fame and fortune? Reading actually emphasizes a long process of seeking knowledge.

And those who are bent on seeking fame in the Confucian forest, the first step-determination, went wrong. But for these people, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth.

Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. Of course, there are also people in the Confucian forest who are "drunk and awake alone, turbid and clear alone".

Wang Mian is one of them. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for his neighbors since childhood.

On the cow's back, he still reads widely, and even taught himself to be a famous brush for painting lotus flowers. However, Wang Mian has a different temperament and does not seek official positions.

The court wrote to Zhejiang Political Department to recruit Wang Mian as an official, but he lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain. Can be in front of fame, inner peace, unmoved, and only Wang Mian these scholars phoenix feather scale Angle.

Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of literati and celebrities at that time, and sometimes I am angry for the meanness and ugliness of corrupt officials.

With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. "Fame and fortune have no credentials, and I have tried my best to make mistakes.

Three glasses of turbid wine will make you drunk, but the water will be weak. "This is the scholar at the beginning of a few words.

It can be said that this is also the soul of the whole book. Although these words are commonplace, how many people can really understand people? It is this sentence that has harmed a group of scholars.

They regard reading as a stepping stone-"Books have their own golden houses, books have their own happiness, and books have their own beautiful mothers …". For the sake of money and wealth, they can study all night, and they can go from black hair to white hair: Liang Hao, who won the top prize at the age of 80, and Zhou Jin, a "little friend", who has been the top prize for decades, are ecstatic ... For the sake of fame and fortune, scholars are haggard and their clothes are getting wider, and they never regret it. Mr. Lu Xun called the feudal ethics a man-eating ethics, so it is not an exaggeration to call the feudal imperial examination system a harmful system.

Reading actually emphasizes a long process of seeking knowledge. Wang Guowei said it very well. Reading is divided into three realms: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the West Building alone to look at the horizon." This is my determination.

"I won't regret it when my clothes get wider, and I am haggard for Iraq." This is a struggle. "Looking for him in the crowd for thousands of Baidu, suddenly looking back, that person is in the dim light" This is the final success.

And those who are bent on seeking fame in the Confucian forest, the first step-determination, went wrong. In my opinion, reading is a process in which one constantly absorbs spiritual food.

The most important thing is to absorb it and then turn it into your own strength. This is consistent with the effect of three meals a day: eating, absorbing nutrition, and then promoting self-growth.

It's a pity that some students in the Confucian forest only pay attention to "food", that is, they study for decades, but ignore absorption. For them, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth.

Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. These people, even if they study all their lives, will not have any knowledge to absorb and transform into their own strength.

These books are useless except that they are malnourished. Of course, there are also people in the Confucian forest who are "drunk and awake alone, turbid and clear alone".

Wang Mian is one of them. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for his neighbors since childhood.

On the cow's back, he still reads widely, and even taught himself to be a famous pen for painting boneless flowers. From then on, from ordinary people to rich people in the magistrate's county came to ask for paintings.

However, Wang Mian has a different temperament and does not seek official positions. The court wrote to Zhejiang Political Department to recruit Wang Mian as an official, but he lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain.

Later generations often call Wang Mian Wang Shenjun. But did Wang Mian ever become an official? Can be in front of fame, inner peace, unmoved, and only Wang Mian these scholars phoenix feather scale Angle.

Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of literati and celebrities at that time, and sometimes I am angry for the meanness and ugliness of corrupt officials.

With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. No wonder later generations have a sigh that "be careful not to read a scholar, reading it is actually a daily entertainment, not a scholar".

The Scholars describes an interesting officialdom story in the examination room at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty with humorous and sharp words. The main characters of the story are mostly folk literati.

The author's dissatisfaction with real life and expectation of changing such a gloomy world are expressed by praising many upright Confucian scholars and lashing corrupt politicians. The novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child. He is smart and studious. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant.

He doesn't want to make friends, let alone pursue fame and fortune. The county magistrate came to inspect and couldn't hide; Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the position of "counselor joining the army", but he didn't accept it. He willingly fled to Kuaiji Mountain and lived an anonymous life.

This book more vividly criticizes that the imperial examination system has created a group of social moths and poisoned the whole society. For example, there is a farmer's son named Kuang Renchao in Yueqing County, Wenzhou. He was simple and honest.

In order to support his parents, he went out to do small business and lived in Hangzhou. Later, I met Mr. Ma Er who chose to print eight-part essay.

Mr. Ma Er gave it to him.

6. Synopsis of The Scholars This book is mainly written by a group of students who think that "learning to be excellent is to be an official". They regard reading as a stepping stone. For money and wealth, they can study sleepless nights, and they can learn from black hair to white hair, just to gain fame. There are also some corrupt officials who do not hesitate to sacrifice the people in order to plunder the fat of the people, and also talk about "three years to clear the magistrate, 100 thousand yuan" and so on.

The Scholars is a novel of Wu in Qing Dynasty. It was written in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749) or earlier, and it was handed down as a manuscript, which was first engraved in the 8th year of Jiaqing (1803). "The Scholars" represents the peak of China's ancient satirical novels, which initiated the direct evaluation of real life with novels. After the manuscript of The Scholars was published, a manuscript was handed down and was highly praised by later generations.

Extended data:

Creation background

Wu, the author of The Scholars, was born in a noble family. Great-grandfather and great-grandfather are two generations of "versatile officials" (Biography of Mr. Wenmu by Cheng Jinfang). * * * has six scholars, including one second prize and one flower detective. And his father, Wu, was a tribute during the Kangxi period.

In sixty-one (1722), Wu Kangxi was admitted as a scholar, and his father died in the same year. Because he is not good at managing his livelihood, he lives like a prodigal son. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), when he took part in the imperial examination, he was dismissed as a "variant" and was insulted. Later, he left his hometown angrily and made a living by selling articles and helping friends.

This personal experience made him feel particularly deeply about the advantages and disadvantages of stereotyped writing and imperial examination.

Writing characteristics

The characterization in The Scholars mainly uses documentary, editing, concentration, comprehensive introduction, deformation, idealization and other methods, and presents the characteristics of integrity. Taking the living characters as the prototype, Wu used these six creative methods to create brilliant artistic images such as Tu Mian, the famous scholar Du and the real Confucian Yu Yide.

However, in the process of Wu's selection of life characters into his works and shaping life prototypes into artistic images, there is a problem worthy of consideration, that is, when he portrays ideal characters like Yu Yide and Zhuang Shaoguang, he shows a tendency of not paying attention to talent and morality.

Sogou encyclopedia-the history of scholars

7. The synopsis of Wu's novel The Scholars in Qing Dynasty.

56 times. The book was written in 1749 (the 14th year of Qianlong) or earlier, and it was handed down from generation to generation by manuscript, and was first engraved in 1803 (the 8th year of Jiaqing).

Describing various people's different performances in "fame and fortune" with realism, on the one hand, it truly reveals the process and reasons for the erosion of human nature, thus profoundly criticizing and mocking the corruption of bureaucrats and the hypocrisy of imperial examinations at that time; On the one hand, it enthusiastically praised the protection of human nature by a few characters in a self-centered way, thus embodying the author's ideal. The use of vernacular Chinese is becoming more and more skillful, and the characterization of characters is also quite in-depth and delicate, especially the satirical technique is superb, which makes this book a masterpiece of China's classical satirical literature.

This book represents the peak of China's ancient satirical novels, and creates an example of directly evaluating real life with novels. The Scholars is a novel with intellectuals as the main description object, and it is a typical satirical novel. The Scholars describes some images of Confucian scholars who were deeply poisoned by the stereotyped imperial examination system, reflecting the corruption of the secular atmosphere at that time.

For example, Zhou Jin and Jin Fan spent their whole lives trying to be jurors in the exam, but they didn't become scholars in the exam until their beards turned white. Although life is extremely difficult, I still remember the imperial examination.

Zhou Jin passed by an examination room and went in to watch. He touched the bitterness and pain of life and burst into tears. He was so sad that he died. Later, with the help of some small businessmen, I took the exam and won the sympathy of the examiner, so my luck changed.

When he was recommended in the exam, all the people who laughed at him before flattered him and touted him as the most knowledgeable person. Another example is Jin Fan, who is so poor that he takes an old hen to the market to sell.

When he learned that he had won the bid, he was ecstatic and turned into a madman. Fortunately, his father-in-law, butcher Hu, slapped him and brought him back to his senses. At this time, the local squire and other prominent figures looked at him with new eyes. Some people sent houses and some property, and Jin Fan's life changed immediately.

8. I'm going to write a 300-word story about The Scholars (analyzing key figures). * * * Among the five scholars, Yan Jiansheng is the second most famous person after Jin Fan. Everyone knows his story, but on his deathbed, he struggled to close his eyes and always held out two fingers, as if he had some important unfinished business in his heart and his family didn't tell him.

Yan Jiansheng's fingers were so shocking that he quickly gathered a lot of amazing eyes, just like the unlucky man in "Chameleon" holding high the finger bitten by the general's dog. At that time, a critic was angry and gave him a hat of "keeping money".

This theory was generally followed by Chinese book-choosers who adhered to the principle of typification of literary images in later generations, and thought that Yan Jiansheng's performance was as wonderful as Grandet's frantic attempt to snatch the gilded cross when he died, which was a vivid portrayal of the miser. Therefore, Yan Jiansheng was able to enjoy the class, making all the teenagers in the world regard his surname, which has a long-standing reputation.

On the other hand, other strange people in foreign history, although everyone has a story, are not honored to be selected into the family and gradually become unknown. But if you think about it carefully, Yan Jiansheng's violence is famous, which is inevitably a misunderstanding of history.

First of all, calling Yan Jiansheng a strange figure can only be said to be a misunderstanding. The so-called true heroes are often very human and can do things that others can't.

If we look at Yan Jiansheng like this, what we see is just a dull back. From him, we can't see the divine light of a typical character. Yan Jiansheng, a rich man, has a poor composition and is stingy by nature. He should be as good at exploiting and skinning as Zhou.

I wanted a textbook, so I chose him. The subtext must be beautiful adjectives such as "every drop of blood is full of evil and dirty things" and "killing and setting fire to reap huge profits" It happened that unofficial history was extremely stingy in telling how to plunder, withhold servants and exploit tenants, and had no money at all.

He only knows how to save blindly. He is very humble. He is reluctant to buy a catty of meat at home every day. He just "buys four dollars at the deli every time his youngest son wants to eat" and has worked hard to accumulate wealth for many years. Such a single technique, poor thinking, really far less than his eldest brother Yan's machine change, know how to hack.

For example, selling pigs to catch pigs, setting up fake IOUs and luring bait into medicine can be said to be an exhaustive strategy to win a thousand miles. Brother Yan is really the best player in the world. In contrast, Yan Jiansheng only knows how to work hard for himself, and his imagination is simply outrageous.

I have no skill. If Yan Jiansheng can be stingy to the end, he will not lose patience if he is penniless all his life.

However, Yan Jiansheng's passage is even more criticized. Since I am stingy, how can I spend all my money in my pocket?

If you have to go out, you must be a "silver mother" and get more money back. Besides, that's a hundred things that can't teach me to pay.

It takes a firm will to be stingy. This is the case with Grandet. Pursuit of profit is the highest belief and the only pleasure in his life. Besides, he can ignore all the worldly wisdom.

He can cheat anyone of his money, including his wife and daughter. However, this is the true nature.

Yan Jiansheng, on the other hand, cherishes money very much, but sometimes he is as generous as a different person. Just like a strict lawsuit for his eldest brother who fled his hometown, his eldest brother himself committed a crime. What does it have to do with him? However, he would rather lose money than be afraid of anything. Imagine yourself as Grandet.

Another example is that when paying the funeral expenses of the original wife Wang and the compensation for marrying the bride Zhao, it is also caused by feelings, face and selfish desires, and it is ridiculous to spend money like water. On the surface, Yan Jiansheng's wealth loss seems to have won everyone's unanimous affirmation. In fact, he didn't achieve any purpose. He put the so-called decency and secular human feelings of the squire family above Confucius, and could not wear the god of wealth wholeheartedly, resulting in both human and financial resources. It can be seen that Yan Jiansheng lacks courage and strategy, and is not single-minded and firm enough. He is really an ordinary man, a rich man with a fleshy head.

To sum up, Yan Jiansheng is incompetent and half-hearted. Rats have no courage to do good at both ends, and even less courage to do evil. Don't say that compared with his eldest brother Yan, his wrist is very approachable. Even if he is more humiliated than the Ren Shi brothers of Wang and Aunt Zhao in have it both ways, he can only candidly admit defeat. It is not surprising that ordinary people like him have many cars and trucks and the world is everywhere. As we all know, even Wu Wenmu himself didn't take it seriously, and even his name was not mentioned on the list at the end of the article. Yan Jiansheng does not have much pen and ink, and his personality is not rich. He was originally portrayed as a nobody and played a series of games, which set off the wonderful roles of Wang Ren and Aunt Zhao.

Who would have thought that trying to steal the limelight in a walk-on way would eclipse the actors. Neither Wu nor Yan Jiansheng thought that his name would go down in history as a typical image of a certain kind of characters in the future.

However, life is famous after all, which is lucky and unfortunate. After all, I am worried that if Jane Eyre really exists, he will feel uneasy when he knows it. The story of "pinch the lamp grass" is said to be based on an anecdote of a rich man in Yangzhou that Wu heard, or that Yan Jiansheng is a friend or acquaintance of Wu, and his nature is too frugal. In fact, through the description before the novel, we should know that Yan Jiansheng can be regarded as a good man with a little cowardice in general, at least his nature is not bad-especially compared with his brother Yan-but Wu did not forget to give him a silent silence before he died, so that he could put up two fingers.

I think Yan Jiansheng's frugal temperament may be related to his rich family. "In 1997, he didn't recognize the sycee" (Du commented on Du's language in "unofficial history"-the latter is considered to be a portrayal of Wu himself), and he was heroic in nature and spent money like water, which made Wu's temperament "handed down from village to village" too wrong, which made Wu.

9. The Scholars is one of the few outstanding masterpieces in the history of China's novels, and it is also the only satirical novel in the true sense.

The novel is fifty-six times as long. No story runs through the book, but a series of relatively independent stories are connected in series. However, the author's thinking in writing this book is centered on the attitude towards fame and fortune and the origin of literary works, belittling and criticizing the false Confucian scholars and pseudonyms among literati, and praising and criticizing the true Confucian scholars and real celebrities, in sharp contrast. He vividly portrayed the images of horses and horses devastated by the imperial examination system, and enthusiastically described the images of true Confucian sages such as Zhuang Shangzhi, Chi Hengshan and Dr. Yu, who respected themselves, advocated rites and music, and downplayed their minds. At the same time, he also wrote a large number of so-called celebrities who are ignorant and morally corrupt but pretentious, such as Yang Zhizhong, the son of Lou, and the unavailability of power. In contrast, Wu has made great efforts to create Du, a rare man in ancient and modern times. As a typical celebrity, he respects his personality, despises money and loyalty, and pursues a willful and free life. What really embodies the author's ideal is the character Wang Mian portrayed in the first novel. He is quiet, far from fame and fortune, filial and talented. He is an ideal figure who is both a true Confucian and a true celebrity, and has won the warmest praise from the author.