On the Creation of Northeast Errenzhuan

Northeastern Errenzhuan, also known as "Bouncing", is a popular folk art with strong local color in Northeast China. It has a development history of more than 300 years. For a long time, it has been deeply loved by people in Northeast China, especially farmers. Its songbook language is easy to understand, humorous and full of life breath. At first, duets were performed by artists who danced yangko during the day and sang northeast folk tunes at night (commonly known as "Little Yangko"). Later, with the increase of residents and long-term cultural exchanges in different places, the connotation of duet has been greatly enriched. On the basis of the original northeast yangko and northeast folk, it gradually evolved from lotus drop, northeast drum, Taiping drum, overlord whip, Hebei bangzi, donkey shadow play and folk jokes. Therefore, the performance forms and vocals are very rich. There is a saying among the people that "I would rather give up a meal than pass it on", which shows the profound influence of "Errenzhuan" among the masses. It can be said that the duet can best reflect the pursuit of artistic beauty by the working people in Northeast China.

[Edit this paragraph] The history of duets.

Errenzhuan originated and prevailed in three northeastern provinces with a history of more than 300 years. However, due to the social unrest and war in the late Qing Dynasty, most of the literature records are incomplete, but they have been circulated among the people for a long time, and the specific situation cannot be verified.

According to records, in the second year of Qing Daoguang (1822), there was a dance performance at the Bajiazi Laoye Temple (Fu Saiji) in Huaide County, Jilin Province. In the early duet, there were no actresses, and all the female roles were disguised as women.

With the different popular regions, Errenzhuan once formed four schools in its development: East Road, West Road, South Road and North Road. Among them, East Road takes Jilin as the center, performing colorful sticks with martial arts elements; The west road is centered on Heishan county, Liaoning province, and pays attention to singing opera with the head of the board; South Road is centered on Yingkou, Liaoning, with both singing and dancing; North Road, centered on the Great Northern Wilderness in Heilongjiang Province, pursues beautiful and moving singing. Therefore, in history, there is a folk proverb that "two people dance in the south and sing in the north, talk about the squad leader in the west and play with sticks in the east". Later, various performances learned from each other and merged with each other, and the focus of the performance was no longer as clear as before.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the name "Errenzhuan" was circulated. Siping, Liaoyuan, Jilin, Changchun, Tieling and other large and medium-sized cities and counties such as Xifeng, Yushu, Lishu, Dehui, Shuangliao, Fuyu and Zhenlai have successively set up local opera teams (performing duet). 1955, the number of actresses began to increase gradually, and the performance of duets basically ended the history of disguised as women. From then on, men and women began to sing with different voices, emphasizing scientific vocal methods. In 1960s, significant progress was made in the construction of "Errenzhuan". The choreography has been strengthened, new duet tracks have been developed, music accompaniment has been enriched, costumes have been improved, dance art has been enriched, and the types of props held by actors have also developed and changed. In terms of content, we should take the essence of classic plays and discard their dross, and insist on eliminating "paper-grade, vulgar and ugly performances"; Carry forward the "fine tradition of health, humor and humor". Music singing should overcome "monotonous and poor tendency"; In the performance, he asked for "singing well, dancing beautifully, being funny, acting realistically and delicately", which was appreciated by the five pillars of Islam.

After the reform and opening up, the tune of "Errenzhuan" has been constantly updated, with dulcimer and pipa as accompaniment instruments, and drums, gongs and cymbals are also used in martial arts venues. Actors hold props and add umbrellas, scarves and long silks. According to the needs of shaping characters, the costumes have also been improved accordingly. The stage performance uses the change of lighting color to contrast the drama situation, and the comprehensive artistic quality is constantly improved. There are many wonderful songs here, such as sprinkling water before the horse, returning to the cup, parting, making amends, listening to Qin in the West Chamber, doubles, Feng Kui selling his wife, and the blue bridge filled with water. These works are deeply loved by the broad masses of the people and have been staged for a long time.

In the new century, Zhao Benshan, a duet performer of Tieling Folk Art Troupe, Liaoning Province, is determined to carry forward the duet, a local drama with a broad mass base in Northeast China, and create greater glories. In 200 1 year, the "Zhao Benshan Cup" duet grand prix initiated and organized by Zhao Benshan injected new vitality into the development of duets in the new century. Zhao Benshan also accepted five outstanding two-person performers as apprentices in this grand prix, namely, Wang Xiaobao, wang xiaoli and Zhang, who all appeared in the rural light comedy "Liu Laogen" directed and performed by Zhao Benshan. With the popularity of this TV series, there has been a nationwide "two people turn hot in Northeast China". The wonderful performance of the duet actor in the play also gave the people of the whole country a preliminary understanding of the folk art of duet. I believe that with the efforts of these excellent duet actors, more excellent works will appear, which will promote the northeast art of duet to the whole country and make more people like duet.

[Edit this paragraph] The characteristics of duets.

There are many forms of duet performance, such as "singing coach's shop", "yangko party", "singing tea club" and "singing chariot field", among which the most common one is "singing chariot field". There are "singing Tunchang" in the third quarter of autumn every year, and they are usually performed in the following order:

"Get through": refers to the head drum, the second drum and the third drum of yangko gongs and drums to attract the audience.

"Three dances": The clown shouted "Put your head out if you want to sell, and the boatman will paddle over" to attract Dandan to play, and the two of them danced "three dances".

Shout Poetry: After the three dances, Dandan stepped off the stage, and the clown "started bullying" and then "shouted poetry". The "poem head" is similar to the "self-announcement" or "fixed-field poem" in China's traditional operas, and most of the "poem heads" have nothing to do with the drama, just to make peace.

"Talk": Dandan comes on stage and talks to the clown. "Speaking mouth" can be divided into zero mouth, fixed mouth and fixed mouth. "Snack" is a spoken language made up by actors when they see the scenery and feel emotions. Dingkou is a dialogue closely related to the plot, including the explanation of the plot and the dialogue between the characters; "Stereotypes" are mostly folk stories and jokes that have nothing to do with the plot.

"Singing Little Hat": This is a folk song sung before the text.

"Singing": The actors demonstrate the plot by singing, speaking, doing and jumping.

[Edit this paragraph] Two-person transmission method

The performance means of duet can be roughly divided into three types. One is a duet in which two people pretend to be ugly once and talk while singing, which is a veritable "duet"; One is that a person sings and dances together, which is called single head; One is that actors appear on the stage to sing operas in various roles, which is called "pulling operas".

There is a saying that actors have "four skills and one skill" in their expressions. The "four skills" are singing, speaking, doing and jumping; "Stunt" refers to the stunt performed with handkerchiefs, fans, big boards, hand Yu Zi and other props. Four skills "singing" as the head, pay attention to taste, words, sentences, board, sound and strength; "Say" refers to the mouth, mainly gag; "line" pays attention to replacing reality with emptiness; And "dance" mainly refers to "three dances". Handkerchiefs and fan flowers are the most common "unique skills" in duet, similar to the northeast yangko. Yu Zi dancers' big boards and hands are unique. Dancers who hold a big board in their right hand generally hold a swing in their left hand, and they can dance such difficult movements as "swinging willows in the wind", "fairy picking beans", "golden dragon and jade column", "Hei Hu coming out of the mountain", "golden mouse returning to the hole" and "wrapping head and brain". Some dancers hold Yu Zi and a small bamboo board in their hands, two in each hand. There are various ways to play, such as "arm twisting", "waist twisting in the chest", "waist twisting in the wheel cavity" and "broken rocking flower".

[Edit this paragraph] The duo turned to singing.

Errenzhuan's musical vocals are extremely rich, and it is known as "nine tones and eighteen tones, and seventy-two joys". Its structure is a combination of Qupai, with more than 300 kinds of Qupai, among which 56 kinds are more common, including Hu, Niujiao, Hongliu, Baoban, Sanjieban, Wenxi Xixi, Wuxi Xixi, Dagu Tune, Great Rescue, Small Rollover, Crying Millet, Great Sad Tune, Five-word Brocade, Tapping, Backing Tune and so on.

There are many traditional songs of Errenzhuan, with more than 300 songs. Artists have the saying of "four beams and four pillars". "Siliang" refers to four sets of music, including Steel Guide, Pure Law, Xunyang Building and Tieguan Map. "Four Pillars" refers to four sets of tracks: The West Chamber, Blue Bridge, Ghost Array and Li Cuilian Pandao. This is also the specialty of the two-person artist. In addition, there are Shuang Suoshan and Huarong Road. In recent decades, a large number of new creative tracks have appeared, such as Harvest Bridge, Picking up Girls, Liu Chuntao and so on. , very popular.

The lyrics of the duet are mainly in seven words and ten words, with long and short sentences; Performance pays attention to the comprehensive application of four skills: singing, speaking, doing and dancing. Among them, singing skills pay attention to "words, sentences, taste, baner, cavity and strength", which is high-pitched, hot, cordial and beautiful; Spoken language can be divided into "speaking", "forming a mouth" (also known as a set mouth) and "snacks". Ugly people are teasing, rhyming white, some speaking white, and counting boards. Humorous language makes people laugh. Doing work (also called dressing up) pays attention to singing with body and movements, emphasizing the comprehensive use of hands, eyes, body, method and steps; The dance technique is mainly Northeast Yangko dance, and other folk dances and martial arts are also absorbed, and acrobatic techniques such as fan-beating, handkerchief-beating, Yu Zi-beating and bamboo-beating are interspersed, and the stage effect is very lively and hot.