Several questions about the United States

1. What's the American name? Name? Consists of surnames arranged in order. The first place, also called Christian name, is the official name recognized by law. Middle names are usually abbreviations, which are taken by parents who love their children or their relatives. They even named their children directly. The middle name represents the relationship between yourself and your relatives. Outsiders generally don't call their middle names, and they can't get into it. Even the court does not recognize the middle name as part of the legal name. Surnames are passed down from generation to generation in the family. According to American law, a woman should take her husband's surname after marriage, even if she is divorced. She can't restore her maiden name unless she is tried by law.

2. The United States is a big country, adopting a federal system, and each state in the United States enjoys considerable freedom. Therefore, the laws of each state are different, which is quite difficult for outsiders to understand. As far as firearms law is concerned, in New York State, all kinds of semi-automatic rifles are not controlled, but in new york City, it is quite another matter. A semi-automatic rifle is illegal if it has the following characteristics:

Protruding pistol handle,

The magazine has a capacity of more than five rounds,

Fire hat,

Bayonet seat,

Grenade launcher,

A splice upper protective cover,

Fold the stock,

According to this regulation, all M 16, M 14, AK and SKS rifles are illegal.

This is still the case in the same state, let alone other places. So to say gun control, we must first make it clear which state it is.

Generally speaking, the northeast is strictly controlled, but there are exceptions, such as Maine and New Hampshire, which are very relaxed. The central and western regions are relatively relaxed, but there are exceptions. Since 1986, Chicago has been called a gun-free city because it has not allowed private ownership of pistols. What a big joke. Everyone in Chicago's underworld has a gun, even a ten-year-old child has a gun. It is one of the cities with the most serious gun crimes in the United States. Recently, those politicians are whimsical and think that all their problems are caused by gun companies, so more than 20 municipal governments have filed lawsuits with the court, and one * * * has sued more than 20 gun manufacturing companies, including Gerakl and Beretta. -Destroyed almost all the famous factories. They believe that with the precedent of compensation in the tobacco industry, they should also ensure their own opportunities. The case is currently under judicial trial. 1999, many states legislated to prohibit any municipal government from suing gun factories or only hiring lawyers who get paid on time (because of this, lawyers can't make profits by dividing accounts and stolen goods, and bad lawyers lose interest in them), and took other corresponding measures to reclaim 10% for anti-gun control.

The federal government of the United States also has some laws and regulations on guns. This regulatory body is the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), which was originally an agency responsible for the taxation, law enforcement and interpretation of alcohol, tobacco and firearms. It was originally attached to the Ministry of Finance of the International Court of Justice and handed over to the Ministry of Justice on June 24, 2003. The agency made a big mistake in the Waco incident in Texas, which made the attorney general very embarrassed. Many related bills have come into effect. The following are some major parliamentary legislation:

Capitol Hill and Architecture

The highest legislative supervision unit in the United States

1934 The National Firearms Law (NFA) was mainly aimed at armed robbers who were rampant at that time. They used sawn-off shotguns and automatic rifles, as well as Mafia and thompson submachine gun (it has many nicknames, one of which is Chicago typewriter, which vividly depicts the click of machine gun shooting during prohibition in the United States and its relationship with Chicago Mafia). This bill provides some legal basis for law enforcement units, but pistols and rifles and shotguns with barrel exceeding 18 inches are still out of control (rifles were changed to 16 inches in 1968). Before that, anyone can order a light machine gun or any gun that can't be hidden (restricted by Act 1927). The bill laid the foundation for all future gun control laws.

1968, the gun control act (1968 GCA) expanded the scope of control. Believe it or not, this behavior was initiated by American gun manufacturers, because a large number of surplus weapons from World War II flooded into the United States at that time, and anyone could order and sell them. American gun dealers were hit hard. (It is said that the 6.5 mm Carcano rifle that shot Kennedy was originally an Italian weapon of World War II, and the mail order price at that time was $29. ) Except for the weapons controlled by Act 1934, all other previously uncontrolled weapons are classified as the first category. Moreover, it is stipulated that gun dealers must be registered in the Federation and obtain a federal gun license (FFL), which is divided into manufacturing, sales, import and export, etc. ), and except for private resale in the same state, all guns must be bought and sold by licensed gun dealers. Since then, mail-order firearms have entered history. At first, all guns were more or less restricted.

1986 GOPA (Law on the Protection of Gun Owners): This legal amendment actually corrected some excessively harsh places in 1968, but since the promulgation of this law, no new machine guns have entered the private market.

1994 the crime control and law enforcement act came into effect on1September 1994 13, and the Brady pistol violence prevention act, also known as Brady law, came into effect on1February 28, 1994. Because this bill was founded by pistol control (Inc) founded by James and Sarah Brady, and it was strongly advocated by Washington. Who is James? He was Reagan's press secretary, but he was paralyzed after the assassination of President Reagan in 198 1. His wife Sarah later became the chairman of the pistol control company, claiming to have 400,000 members. She is the largest gun control support organization in the United States, aiming at gun control. These two bills can be said to be the most detailed and harsh laws.

The provisions and control items of these bills are stricter and broader every time. Generally speaking, there are the following points, which are common throughout the country and must be observed by all States:

Gun structure: The barrel of all rifles must be greater than 16 inch, the barrel of shotguns must be greater than 18 inch, the total length of rifles and shotguns must be greater than 26 inches, and the caliber of all guns must be less than half an inch (.50 inclusive). There should be no silencer and automatic firing (defined as only one bullet can be fired once the trigger is pulled).

Definition of gun: the gun refers to the position of the receiver or serial number (the left wheel has no shell), and the other parts are not pipe products. Due to the abundant supply of various spare parts in the market, many people are not satisfied with the firearms provided by the manufacturers, so they use various spare parts to assemble their ideal weapons. Due to the provisions of the above-mentioned laws, all components except the box can be selected from thousands of different manufacturers and designs, thus achieving the goal of 100% personalization. Sometimes, a gun can be modified to an effect that neither you nor I can recognize. This is why American gun lovers think it is ridiculous to classify guns according to their appearance in the government 1994 gun control law, because any gun can be dressed in a completely different way. What is the significance of this classification?

Automatic weapons: weapons classified as firearms laws of the second country. According to the second paragraph of decree 1968. It can be privately owned, but it must be registered with the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, which can pick up the goods at any time.

According to the law of 1986, no new fully automatic weapon can enter the private market, so if you want to own a fully automatic weapon now, and your local government has no restrictions, you can only buy second-hand goods from another person. That gun must be registered. Of course, the army and the police are not subject to this restriction.

Generally speaking, if you want to own automatic weapons, you must first check whether the local state and municipal government explicitly prohibit it. Both California and new york stipulate that private individuals are not allowed to own automatic weapons. Nevada, Arizona, Texas, Kentucky and Florida are several states where private individuals can own automatic weapons. Residents of these States can go to BATF's office to get an application form, which requires them to fill in personal data, fingerprints and so on. The application fee is $200, and they only need to pay it once. The most difficult thing is that the applicant must have a letter from the local police chief, which proves that the applicant is a good citizen with no criminal background, usually from the police station. However, for fear of trouble and legal disputes, some police chiefs simply refused to write such letters. Because basically, he has no obligation to provide such a letter.

If the applicant can pass all the regulations and provide all the required documents, he will eventually find a third-level weapons dealer (NFA weapons business is divided into three levels, first-level importers, second-level manufacturers and third-level sellers). They will help you find the gun you want. If someone wants to sell it, it's a matter of luck. As you may have guessed, an automatic weapon is not cheap, ranging from thousands of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. Of course, guns are not expensive, just few. If you have the opportunity to go to the above-mentioned States where private individuals can own automatic weapons, you may rent automatic weapons at a larger shooting range. You might as well choose one of the coolest automatic weapons in your mind to entertain yourself, such as MP5, Jian Zihao, Ingram, AK47, M 16, Thompson, M3, etc. Gun rental is not expensive, only about ten dollars, but ammunition is expensive.

1994 Criminal Law: This is the most influential and restrictive law at present. Basically, it limits the magazine capacity to 10 rounds, but anything manufactured before the law comes into effect is not subject to this restriction. So if you have a gun designed and produced before 1993, you may still be able to buy a large-capacity magazine. For example, the 20-round or 30-round magazines of M 16 or AK47 are still bumpy in the market. However, it is also restricted by local laws, which is illegal in new york.

1994 Brady Act is divided into two steps. The first stage is that there must be a five-day waiting period for the sale of pistols, which will be implemented from1February 28, 1994 to 19981October 30. The second stage is the National Immediate Crime Inspection System (NICS): from 1998 1 1 30/month, all gun transactions must go through the above inspection. The manufacturer must call the 800 number and tell the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) the information of the person who wants to buy guns. They can check it on the computer, and only those who pass this check can buy guns. If someone pawns a gun in a pawnshop and wants to redeem it afterwards, they have to go through this hurdle. This procedure usually takes about half an hour. This law will automatically expire in 2004, and it is called sunset clause. By then, it is theoretically possible to manufacture and trade large-capacity magazines, guns with pistols and other prohibited things. But those who support gun control bet that by then, all States will enact stricter laws and the federal government will not have to get involved in this muddy water.

American rifle association

The greatest force to defend the right to own guns

Legal guns:

At present, semi-automatic rifles produced and sold in the United States must pass the following test, which is called the characteristics of assault rifles. These guns cannot have more than two characteristics:

Pistol handle,

Replaceable magazine

Fire hat,

Bayonet seat,

Fold the stock,

Semi-automatic pistol cannot have more than two characteristics:

The magazine is arranged outside the gun handle,

A barrel with a spiral pattern,

There are wooden protective devices,

Weighing over 50 ounces,

Semi-automatic version of fully automatic pistol,

A shotgun cannot have more than two characteristics:

Folding or telescopic support,

Pistol handle,

Fixed magazines with more than five rounds,

Movable magazines,

However, if the firearms were manufactured before1September 1994 13, this restriction will not apply. Therefore, there is a difference between the so-called ban before and after the ban in the market. Someone will buy an old gun before the ban and then replace it all except the receiver. Then there is an almost brand-new gun, which can have a fire cap, bayonet seat and so on, and become a cool assault rifle. The premise of this exception is that guns must conform to the definition of assault rifles when they leave the factory, so the principle of shoot to kill can be followed. As for semi-automatic rifles imported from abroad, most of them have been banned from import at present, and it is said that they are still detained at the customs? There are thousands of rifles here, mostly SKS and AK-47s from China. (These two names are just general terms here. In fact, there are many models made by China North Industries and Poly, which will be discussed in another article later. ) Foreign manufacturers can only have one feature. Poor importers will change, and change is common. Wear off the bayonet seat, and replace the handle and stock with the stock connected at the bottom, which is the so-called thumb hole stock. Thirty rounds of magazines were also replaced with five rounds and ten rounds. Finally, I got through this pass and another batch of customs clearance, but in the end, I couldn't escape the power of the president's executive order and all of them were banned.

It is not allowed to import whole guns, shell parts and magazines with more than ten rounds, and other parts are still allowed. So businessmen began to combine guns in America. These guns, called Kitguns, use American-made housings and other imported parts. Overall, the quality is poor. This kind of gun is also restricted by laws and regulations, because most parts are made in foreign countries, so it can't be classified as foreign guns with more similar characteristics than assault rifles. What determines the domestic system and foreign system is how many parts are made in the United States. So some people sell American parts packages. After replacing these parts, you can have the characteristics of two assault rifles, usually pistols.

In addition, there are several special cases:

1. In the same state, private sales of non-NFA guns can be carried out between individuals without going through FFL dealers.

2. Weapons manufactured for more than 100 years need not be restricted by BATF. It can be bought and sold as a general commodity (mail order). Some Russian Mosin-Nagant M9 1 and German Mao Se M98 are all over 100 years old.

3.BATF publishes a list of antique and relic weapons, and anyone can apply for a collection license (Curio &; Ruins ffl-c&; FFL), only need to pay $30 every three years. You can buy weapons on the list all over the state. Generally speaking, firearms that have been manufactured for more than 50 years are among them.

4. Gun show is a very special problem. At first, it just gathered a lot of gun dealers and customers to make a deal, which is no different from a book fair. However, since the gun control law became stricter, the law of unrestricted private sale has not changed, which has created a big loophole. It's okay for someone to rent a booth at a gun exhibition and sell their own guns, but selling one gun is also selling, and selling ten guns is also selling. There is no obvious difference between them. He has owned his gun for ten years, or did he buy it from another private person at another gun exhibition last week? If you have a chance to go to the gun show, the bigger the better. Pay attention to whether there is a yellow form on the gun dealer's desk. If not, it is probably a private booth, which can be traded in cash. It is up to him to decide the legal age, state residents and so on. There is a heated debate on this issue in Congress. The Democratic Party advocates plugging this loophole, and all gun transfers must go through gun dealers. * * * and the party oppose it, thinking that this will only increase the price of guns and increase inconvenience. Guns used by real criminals are too lazy to wait until the gun show to buy them. They are available on the street corner. Adding a bill is of no help.

If you are interested in American laws, or want to know the regulations of each state, you can go to the website of the American Rifle Association, which has detailed information about each state.

Generally speaking, the local police station is the unit responsible for management. The sheriff of a small place has absolute power. In a big city, you may have to go through several units. Sometimes, even ordinary policemen don't understand complicated laws and regulations. Fortunately, the general gun shops are well aware of the local situation, and they will be happy to help, because helping you is equivalent to providing them with a potential customer. Here, we want to emphasize the word local. As mentioned above, states, counties and cities may have different regulations. Once they cross the border, they may become very different. For example, a gun shop in Long Island (new york) may not be so clear about the regulations of new york City (New York). Even if he knew, he might not have the necessary forms. Make it clear that you didn't break the law for no reason, and you don't know why.

Supplement: California's assault weapons ban

California officially signed the Offensive Weapons Control Act on July 20th, 1999. This law claims to be the strictest gun control law in the United States. Since 2000 1 month 1 day, California has banned the sale of a series of guns classified as offensive weapons. The so-called attack weapons cover a wide range, with about 75 kinds of weapons. Such as AR 15, AK47, FAL, G3, etc. , have been banned. This time, the gun ban seems to be more severe than before, even the thumb hole butt is banned. And you don't have to sell any magazines with a capacity greater than ten rounds. In particular, SKS, which uses magazines, must be repurchased by the state government for $230.

Supplement: Gun control in new york.

New york City is divided into five districts-Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island on Staten Island and Bronx. These five districts have the same gun control laws and can own guns privately.

Rifles are relatively simple and adopt a registration system. As long as it is not prohibited in new york, you can buy it without restriction at any time. AK, SKS, M 16, USR, etc. It is forbidden to use Mini- 14, Ruger 10/22, M 1A, etc. It is legal. At first, you should go to a rifle control center in Queen's Court, Queen's Road, United Toll Road, and apply for a gun license. You need two photos and 70 yuan's manuscript fee (the post office is next to it). Wait about three months, and the gun license will be issued. Then you can go to the gun shop to buy rifles. After buying, the gun dealer or you should send the sales certificate to the rifle control center in Queens for filing.

Pistol is more troublesome. There are many kinds of permits for pistols, one of which is a residence permit, which is useless and can only be left at home and taken to the shooting range on a specified day. It's almost impossible for ordinary people to get a gun license, so I'm only talking about a shooting license here. First, you should join a shooting club. Generally, gun shops with shooting ranges have clubs attached. Then, you have to go to the new york Police Department (in lower Manhattan, next to the police square and the city government) to fingerprint and hand in the application form and fees. The gun shop can help you fill out the form, but you must go to the police station to go through the formalities yourself. The cost before and after is about 500 yuan. After submitting the application form, the police will inform the applicant for an interview in about three months. If all goes well, you can get a shooting license and a purchase license in about half a year, and you can also buy a pistol! ! ! The purchase of pistols must be completed within 30 days after the license is issued, otherwise it will be invalid. After buying a gun, you must take it to the city police station for inspection within 48 hours. Only in this way can all legal procedures be completed. After three months, you can apply for the purchase again. It takes about two months to purchase a license plate, and the required caliber should be clearly stated in the application.

There are additional regulations that people who don't have a pistol photo are not allowed to "hold" (Posses), that is, they are not allowed to rent or play with guns. Therefore, within the state boundaries of New York State, it is illegal to give a pistol to a person without a pistol, except for soldiers, law enforcement officers and a few exceptions. 1998 In a TV debate on gun control, a man from a foreign pistol control association pointed a pistol at the program. Since the video studio was in Manhattan, NRA publicly questioned the new york City Police Department afterwards. Why hasn't he been arrested? Visible unfair law enforcement). The holder of the shooting license can only "directly" carry guns into and out of the shooting range, and must unload the bullets on the way and put them in a locked box. It is stated in the regulations that everyone should take one gun as the principle, that is to say, it is entirely up to him to decide whether to buy two pistols.

These rules are dizzy just looking at your head. If friends who live in new york want to buy guns, the best way is to find a gun shop with a shooting range in the phone book and talk to them. They are usually willing to help. Don't trust anyone who claims to do it for you or go through the back door. I dare not say no, but I don't believe you are so lucky.

Appendix:

C & ampR(FFL 03) Application Form:

One copy of F 7CR (53 10. 16)

Copy of F 5330.20 form.

Subscribe to BATF form for free.

A check for $30

Another copy of the F 7CR form must be sent to the local sheriff for the record, but his permission is not required. Once you get permission, you must keep a bound book. Unless you have special permission, you may not use computer records instead.

C & ampr list of ATF:

List 1- changed from 1938 American Code -USC (Federal Firearms Act), title 18, Chapter 44 Firearms changed to C & Rare.

Listing 2- Gun Control Act (GCA) changed from 1968 to C & Rare.

Listing 3- Changed from 1934 National Firearms Law (NFA) to C & Rare

Earn, buy and transfer machine guns and other forms:

Two copies of F 4 (5320.4)

Copy of F 5330.20 form.

Two FBI FD-258LE fingerprint cards.

Free subscription to BATF forms, including fingerprint cards.

A check for $200.

Usually, local police chiefs have individual regulations, and they are willing to sign the 53204 form after certain procedures. For details, please contact the police chief's office or local Class III merchants.

There are various forms in PDF format in www.TitleII.com, which can be downloaded for free.

Add:

On September 13, 2004, at 12:0 1, the attack weapon Ban -AWB (or semi-automatic attack weapon-saw ban) finally failed at sunset after ten years of entry into force.

Before this day, there were many speculations and fears, but now this day has passed, dancing and running, and most people will not notice the difference. But people who love guns can finally buy weapons with "evil characteristics". There is no difference between before and after the ban, and there will be no huge price difference.

According to the ATF website:

1. Can people buy weapons marked "Restricted Law Enforcement/Government Use Only" or "Export Only"?

A: Because normative laws no longer exist, these banknotes have lost their meaning, so there is no restriction and people can buy them freely.

2. Are automatic weapons affected?

A: The law governing automatic weapons is the National Firearms Law (NFA) of 1934, which is still valid.

3. Will foreign-made weapons be affected?

A: The law of assembling imported kits is still valid, and weapons with insufficient parts produced in the United States cannot be manufactured.

4. Are there any differences between people living in California and Massachusetts?

A: No, local laws are still valid.

5. 1994 can weapons produced between 2004 be modified with these evil features?

A: Yes.

6. Can manufacturers freely produce and sell large-capacity ammunition supply devices (LCA FD)?

A: As normative laws no longer exist, manufacturers are free to produce and sell magazines of any size.

7. Can importers import foreign military commercial models such as AK-47, AUG and FAL?

A: The law prohibiting the import of military weapons-related models is still valid, and private sales are still not allowed.

References:

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