Please come in if you are familiar with the romance of the Three Kingdoms.

In 200 AD, Yuan Shao selected 654.38+ 10,000 elite infantry and 654.38+ 10,000 cavalry, with Liyang as the base camp; Yan Liang was ordered to be the pioneer and cross the river to attack the white horse. Cao Cao used Xun You's plan and threatened to copy Yuan Shao's back road when crossing the river. Lombardi ordered Yan Liang to divide his troops into half and go to Yanjin to stop Cao Cao from crossing the river. Cao Cao was ordered to stick to Yanjin, with Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers, and personally led the main force to pounce on Baima, and attacked Yan Liang with Ada, the prefect of Dongjun County, and Yan Liang was killed. Yuan Shao was furious and ordered the whole army to cross the river; And life another confidant generals Wen Chou, liu bei as pioneers, pouncing on the white horse. Cao Cao abandoned the white horse and retreated to Yanjin, leading the elite behind the house and deliberately putting the trench; Wen Chou, Liu Bei with more than six thousand cavalry pursuit, scattered to rob the trench; Cao Cao took the opportunity to order an attack, Yuan Jun was in chaos and Wen Chou himself was killed; Cao Cao returned to Guandu and lured the enemy deeper. Yuan Shao didn't listen to Tian Feng's advice and escorted him to Yecheng. Yuan Shao spread out his joint venture and pushed it forward step by step; Cao Cao ordered the ban and Yue Jin to attack each other and won a great victory. In order to win, Yuan Shao turned against thomas lee and Liu Pi in the south. Li Tong did not betray, but led the troops to destroy the local strongmen who secretly passed Yuan Shao; Cao Cao also ordered Coss and Huang Xu to lead the cavalry to suppress Liu Pi and Liu Bei at night. Yuan Shao failed in one plan and gave birth to another. He wrote to let Jiangdong Sun Ce attack Xuchang in the north; Guo Jia, Cao Cao's counselor, thought that Sun Ce was too frivolous and would die at the hands of an assassin. Sure enough, Sun Ce was stopped by the enemy and died of serious injuries (it is said that Guo Jia secretly sent Cao Cao's brave men to kill Sun Ce). Cao Cao and Yuan Shao have long been at odds, and there is a shortage of rations. They want to go back to Xuchang. Xun Wenruo urged Cao Cao to stick to it and give maximum support to the front. In 200 AD 65438+ 10, Cao Cao ordered Coss, Huang Xu and others to sneak up on Han Meng, the general of Yuan Shao, and burned thousands of wagons and grain escorted by Han Meng. Xu You, Yuan Shao's counselor, suggested that Yuan Shao send a division to attack Xuchang and steal the Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. After being rejected, because his family was imprisoned by Shen Pei, Xu You had no choice but to take refuge in Cao Cao, and suggested that Cao Cao attack Wu Chao, whose grain and grass were piled up in Yuan Jun. Cao Cao left Cao Hong and others to guard the camp, and led Xia, Zhang Liao, Coss and others to the lair, and ordered them to attack another grain and grass storage yard. Cao Jun pretended to be Yuan Jun, cheated Yuan Jun's interrogation and attacked Wu Chao. When the news reached Yuan, Yuan did not follow the advice of General Zhang to save the Wu Dynasty. Guo Tu, the counselor, ordered Zhang He and Gao Lan to storm the Cao camp with heavy troops, and only sent a few cavalry to save Wu's lair. When reinforcements arrived, Cao concentrated on capturing Yuan Barracks, captured the commander Chunyu Qiong alive and burned all the materials. Then turn around and defeat the Yuan Jun cavalry who came to save; At the same time, Huang Xu also captured the old city and burned all the materials. News spread to Yuan Jun camp, Guo Tu rumoured that Zhang He gloated over the defeat of Wu Chao, and sent someone to inform Zhang He that Yuan Shao wanted to kill Zhang He, but Zhang He had no choice but to surrender to Jun, and Cao Caosui launched a massive counterattack. Yuan Jun had no fighting spirit and most of them surrendered to Cao Jun. Yuan Shao and others only fled with 800 Qin Bing; After that, more than 70,000 surrendered soldiers were ordered to be buried alive by Cao Cao, and the genius counselor behemoth surrendered because of Cao Cao's sincerity. Later, I learned that my family was safe in Hebei and wanted to escape to the north and be killed. Tian Feng, another important adviser of Yuan Shao, was killed by Yuan Shao who listened to slanders. The battle of Guandu can be said to be the most wonderful battle in the Three Kingdoms period and a famous example in the history of war. It marks that Cao Cao officially dominated the north and laid the foundation for the reunification of the north.

Second, Battle of Red Cliffs

In 208 AD, Liu Biao was seriously ill, and Sun Quan stepped up the opportunity to attack Jingzhou. Liu Bei, who took refuge in Liu Biao and was stationed in Xinye, also expanded his army to tens of thousands on the pretext of resisting Cao Cao and Sun Quan, and ordered Guan Yu to vigorously train the water army in Fankou, ready to rob Jingzhou; Liu Yi, the eldest son of Liu Biao, was forced by his stepmother, the Chua family, and moved to Xiakou. In August, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son, Liu Zong, was appointed as Jingzhou Pastoral with the support of his uncles Cai Mao, Zhang Yun and Kuai Yue. Cao Cao then led a great army from the only way of Ye and Wan to the south quickly, defeated Liu Bei's defenders and occupied Xinye. Liu Zong surrendered to Cao Cao at the suggestion of RoyceWong, Kuai Yue and Cai Mao. Liu Bei tried to occupy Nanjun (Jiangling) and relied on a lot of materials there to resist Cao Cao; When Cao Cao learned of Liu Bei's intentions, he personally led 5,000 elite cavalry to pursue Liu Bei in the starry night. Because a large number of troops followed Liu Bei south, Cao Jun tried to catch up with Liu Jun in Changban, Dangyang, while Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang had retreated to Xiakou ahead of schedule, Liu Jun was defeated, and Liu Bei and Zhao Yun were "immune"; Liu Bei had no choice but to change his mind and return to Xiakou. After Cao Cao captured Jiangling, he captured and surrendered 8 counties in Jingzhou, and Liu Zongshui and his army surrendered 65,438+10,000 people. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to form an alliance with Sun Quan. After listening to the analysis of Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan decided to resist Cao and ordered Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Cheng Pu to take more than 30,000 water troops to fight Liu Bei. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao led more than 65438+ 10,000 troops to attack Liu Bei; Cao Cao's water army met Sun Liu's allied army at Chibi. After Cao Cao led the main force to arrive, the army was stationed in Wulin. Due to acclimatization, Cao Jun was seriously infected with schistosomiasis. In order to overcome the shortcomings of Cao Jun's inadaptability to water combat, Cao Cao ordered that most ships be connected with iron cables to form a disastrous "serial ship" in the future. Zhou Yu, Huang Gai and others found that the serial ship had a fatal weakness that it was not easy to avoid fire, and decided to attack with fire; Usually the north wind blows in winter, but due to the climate problem in the south of the Yangtze River, the southeast wind blows abnormally for several days every June+February in 5438. Zhou Yu and Huang Gai used a "dangerous trick" to facilitate arson, and Cao Cao was deceived. On a night when the north wind turned to the southeast wind, Huang Gai faked his surrender and successfully set fire to it. Cao Jun was in chaos and the Coalition forces took the opportunity to attack. Cao Jun was burned to death, drowned and surrendered. Under the protection of Sineitai, Cao Cao fled back to Jiangling from Huarong Road. In order to prevent warships from falling into allied hands, Cao Cao ordered all warships of other camps to be set on fire. At the same time, Sun Quan went south to attack Hefei, but Cao Cao had no choice but to order Zhang Liao, Le Jin and Li Dian to attack Hefei at night. Only Coss and Huang Xushou stayed in Jiangling and went back to Xuchang. A year later, Cao Cao ordered Coss and Huang Xu to leave Jiangling to defend Xiangyang and Fancheng, and most of Jingzhou fell into the hands of Liu Bei and Sun Quan. In 2009, Sun Quan attacked Hefei from the eastern front, but was blocked by Liu Fu. Cao Cao's army of 65,438+/kloc-0,000 was defeated by Sun Liulian's army of only 50,000-60,000. The main reason is that the northern army lost its combat effectiveness because of schistosomiasis epidemic and acclimatization, and Cao Cao's arrogance and underestimation of the enemy are the main subjective reasons. The allies made full use of all the advantages, so victory was a matter of course. Battle of Red Cliffs Cao Cao's water army lost, and after Battle of Red Cliffs, the strength of Liu Bei and Sun Quan increased greatly. Cao Cao lost the opportunity to unify China in a short time, which had a considerable impact on later generations.

Third, the Battle of Hanba

In AD 2 15, Cao Cao led 5000 soldiers and horses with Zhang He and Zhu Ling as pioneers, and led 65438+ 10000 troops since Chen Cang. Zhang Lu offered to surrender to Cao Cao, but his brother Zhang Wei and general Yang Ang resolutely opposed it. Zhang Qian and Yang Ang led tens of thousands of people to stick to Yangpingguan. Cao Jun failed to attack many times, so he decided to pretend to retreat, confusing Wei Zhang, and Wei Zhang reduced its troops. Cao Cao immediately ordered an overnight storm. Because the defenders were weak and lax, Yangpingguan fell and Yang Ang died. Cao Jun continued to attack other camps, disturbing thousands of nights on the mountain. Night Mi rushed into Zhang Wei's camp, causing everyone to scream. Cao Cao thought that Wei Zhang was fighting back, so he ordered Xia Houdun, Chu Xu and other generals to attack on a large scale. Zhang Qian was defeated and surrendered. The conquest of Yangpingguan concentrated Cao Cao's artistic talent in military command. Zhang Lu once again offered to surrender, which was opposed by Yan Pu, so Zhang Lu sealed off and went to Ba County. Knowing that Zhang Lu was willing to surrender, Cao Cao bribed the Ba leaders with high officials and generous salaries. Zhang Lu had no choice but to surrender. Cao Cao also ordered Xia, Zhang He to catch March 8th. At the same time, the rebels in Guanzhong and the candidates also surrendered to Cao Cao, so Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong and Ba County.

Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao had pacified Hanba (the capital of Badong is now Chongqing), which was a great threat to himself, so he had to compromise with Sun Quan, who also wanted to launch an offensive in Hefei to win Huainan, so the two sides divided Jingzhou. So Liu Bei ordered Huang Quan to capture March 8th and kill Du Huo, the leader of Ba nationality who took refuge in Cao Cao. Cao Cao ordered Zhang He to counterattack, attack Qindong and Brazil, and move the people to Hanzhong. He fought with Zhang Fei for more than fifty days and was defeated by Zhang Fei. After taking a series of measures to stabilize Hanba, Cao Cao left Xia and others behind, moved his troops back to Luoyang (whether it is suitable to continue attacking Liu Bei will be analyzed later), and moved more than 80 thousand people back to Guanzhong. After Liu Bei concentrated his forces, he first attacked Wudu with Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Wu Lan, and stopped Guanzhong Army from reinforcing Hanzhong at any time in the next area. Then he led Huang Zhong, Zhao Yun and others to attack the Yangping Pass under Xia's command. Cao Cao immediately ordered Cao Hong and Cao Xiu (Cao Zhi was the commander in chief and Xelloss was at work) to reinforce Hanzhong. In the following debate, they fought fiercely with Liu Beijun and breached Ulan, who fled to level tone and was killed by local people. After that, he defeated Ma Chao and Zhang Fei, and put down Ding Lei, the local leader who responded to Liu Bei. Liu Bei turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge Liang called for "men should fight and women should be lucky" and concentrated on supporting the front line to the maximum extent. The situation was quite unfavorable to Cao Cao. He personally stationed in Chang 'an and ordered Coss to pacify the garrison of Wancheng, which surrendered to Guan Yu. Liu Bei adopted the correct strategy, mobilized half of Xia's troops to reinforce Zhang He, and then attacked Xia by night. The next morning, Liu Bei sent Huang Zhong to attack Xia, who was directing the repair of antlers, and Xia was killed. Zhang He was forced to fold down the beaten army and return to Yangpingguan. The situation became more and more serious. Cao Cao personally went to the front line of Hanzhong and ordered an attack on the pavilion where Chen was hiding, thus restoring the connection between Hanzhong and the city. Liu Bei ordered his men to hold their ground, harassed Cao Cao's supply line at the same time, and ordered Zhao Yun and Huang Zhong to sneak attack on Beishan, burning more than 10,000 bags of Cao Jun's hay. Cao Cao had no choice but to ask Cao Zhen to meet Cao Hong, give up Hanzhong and move tens of thousands of people back to Guanzhong. The result of the battle of Hanzhong basically determined the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.

Fourth, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou.

In AD 2 18 and 10, Nanyang people rebelled because of exploitation. Hou Yin of Wanshoujiang took the opportunity to rebel and wrote to Guan Yu for help. Guan Yu was slow to respond, and later Yin was captured and killed by Coss. 265438+In July 2009, Guan Yu was encouraged by Liu Bei's great victory in Hanzhong and went north to Xiangfan. Cao Cao took Yu Jin as the general, supervised 7 armies to save Coss, and ordered Huang Xu to lead an army into Wancheng. In August, mountain torrents broke out and flooded the 7 th Army, such as the Forbidden City. Guan Yu took the opportunity to attack, but Pound was not killed and surrendered to the Forbidden City. Coss Shen Baima sticks to Fancheng. Guan Yu attacked Xiangyang with a partial general, personally attacked Fancheng, and set an ambush in the north of Fancheng to prevent reinforcements from the northern Cao army; At the same time, people were sent to rebel against nearby counties, Jingzhou stabbed Hu Xiu and Nanxiang satrap Fu Fang to surrender, and some officials south of Xuchang also secretly assisted Guan Yu. Lu Hun, Sun Wolf, gathered people to make trouble and responded to the irony of Guan Yu and Ye Chengwei's coup. The so-called "Megatron China". Cao Cao listened to the opinions of Sima Yi, Jiang Ji and others and made an alliance with Sun Quan. At the same time, he ordered Huang Xu to lead an army to save Coss, and appointed Zhang Liao to help Coss quickly. Sun Quan deliberately sent Lu Xun to Lumeng. Guan Yu was careless, so he took away some defenders in Jingzhou. In October, Sun Quan appointed Lu Meng as the prefect and led an army to attack Jiangling. Sun Jiao then sent right-back Jiang Qin to supervise the water army into Mianshui (Hanshui) to stop Guan Yu from going down the river. Monroe went to Xunyang (now southwest of Huangmei, Hubei), disguised warships as merchant ships, and soldiers as businessmen, traveling day and night. To the public security, Fu Shiren, commander-in-chief of Shu, was forced to surrender, and then to Fu Shiren to persuade Mi Fang, commander-in-chief of Jiangling, to be kind to Guan Yu's family and release Wei Junbing who was captured by Guan Yu to comfort the people. At the same time, Lu Xun entered Yiling (now Yichang) to defend Liu Bei in the west. Huang Xu went to the front line and got in touch with Coss, which greatly boosted Coss' morale. In order to alienate Sun Liu and profit from it, the Ministry was ordered to shoot a letter from Sun Quan into Guan Yu's camp. Guan Yu saw it, hesitated, and his morale was shaken. Huang Xu took the opportunity to attack Guan Yu's stronghold, break Guan Yu and get through the Fancheng route. At that time, when the flood receded, Coss led the army to cooperate with Huang Xu to attack Guan Yu. Wen Pin cut off Guan Yu's route for providing foodstuff from the waterway, and Guan Yu was losing ground. Knowing that Jingzhou had been lost, Guan Yu quickly withdrew. When the soldiers learned that their families were treated well, their morale dropped sharply. Guan Yu was defeated by Maicheng.

Verb (short for verb) The Battle of Yiling

In 2 19 AD, Guan Yu was captured and killed by Lu Meng, Jingzhou was owned by Sun Quan, and all Liu Bei's troops east of Bashan were destroyed. In order to save the vested interests and avenge Guan Yu, regardless of the minister's advice, he decided to move eastward and let the chariot general Zhang Fei join forces with Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) from Langzhong. Zhang Fei was assassinated by the headquarters before he left. Liu Bei still let Zhuge Liang stay in Chengdu, and Zhao Yun served as the commander-in-chief of the rear army in Jiangzhou. He led an army to March eastward in July. Sun Quan and Liu Bei failed to make peace and made further reconciliation with Wei. In August, he sent a special envoy again. Cao Wei took the opportunity to make Sun Quan king of Wu, and stepped up alienation between Sun and Liu. Sun Quan accepted the title of king, and appointed Lu Xun, the right-back army and general of Zhenxi, as the viceroy, commanding 50,000 people from Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang, Xu Sheng, Han Dang and Sun Huan to refuse the Shu army. General Buzhi of Pingrong led 10,000 troops to defend Yiyang (now Hunan) in an attempt to stop the indigenous tribes in Wuling (now western Hunan, eastern Guizhou and southwestern Hubei) from helping Shu. When 40,000 Shu soldiers attacked Wu (now Wushan, Sichuan) and Zigui (now Hubei), Lu Xun took the strategy of giving way first, concentrating his forces and fighting with cameras in view of the fact that the Shu army was strong, eager to win, and the terrain was unfavorable to him, so that the defenders Li Yi and Liu A led their troops back to Yiling City Pavilion (now the north branch of Hubei and the east bank of the Yangtze River) to defend the favorable terrain. In the first month of the following year, Liu Bei sent generals Wu Ban and Chen Shi to Yiling area to lock the west bank of Jiangdong. In February, I personally led the generals from Zigui to the south, passed through the rugged mountain road, entered the company camp of Yiling and Yidao (now Zhicheng), and led the No.1 pavilion; Take Huang Quan as the general of Zhenbei, supervise the armies from Jiangbei to Yiling North, and refuse Wu Jun to prevent Wei Jun from attacking; Ma sent to Wuling County to meet Sha, who opposed Wu's defection to Shu, to win more support. When Zhang Nan, the former satrap of Liu Bei's school, surrounded Sun Huan in the post road, Wu asked Lu Xun to send troops to rescue him. Lu Xun learned that Sun Huan won the hearts and minds of the people, and that Yidao City had enough food, and insisted on not dividing its troops. The Shu army frequently attacked, and Wu was eager to meet the enemy. Lu Xun patiently dissuaded him, but he still couldn't hold on. Some veterans and generals from public office tried to go their own way, and they wanted to rush out. Lu Xun put them under military discipline and strictly stopped them. Liu Bei ambushed 8 000 Shu soldiers in the valley and sent Wu Ban to camp on the flat ground in an attempt to lure Lu Xun into the war. Lu Xun saw through his plan and still refused to fight. The two armies were at loggerheads for six months. The Shu army set out from far away, but it could not be decided quickly. Moreover, the camp was scattered, transportation was difficult, and the soldiers were tired. During the hot summer, Liu Bei moved the water army to land and lost the initiative. In June, Lu Xun thought the time was ripe and decided to turn from defense to counterattack. First, the first battalion of the Shu army was burned, and then the armies took advantage of it and forced Liu Bei to retreat. When Zhang Nan heard the news, he gave up Yi Dao and went to the north. He was attacked by Zhu Ran and Sun Huan and died. Lu Xun even ordered the water army to block the river, and Sun Huan guarded Yiling Road, dividing the Shu army from the east and west sides of the river, and then dividing them one by one, burning the camps and fighting fiercely for more than 40 troops. The Shu army suffered heavy casualties. Du Lu and Liu Ning surrendered, and Feng and Sha were killed. Liu Bei retreated to Maanshan in the northwest to defend himself. Lu Xun concentrated his forces and was besieged on all sides, annihilating tens of thousands of Shu soldiers. Liu Bei led the way to the west at night, and Fu Yi, the garrison commander, was killed by Wu Jun. Liu Beijun retreated to Zigui and made the postman burn armour on the dangerous road to block the road. Wu Jun generals are eager to pursue aggressively. In order to prevent Cao Wei from attacking Wu, Lu Xun only sent Li Yi and Liu A to follow him to Nanshan (the mountain on the south bank of Zigui). Huang Quan was cut off by Wu Jun because of his return road, and led his troops to Wei. After collecting scattered soldiers, Liu Bei returned from Zigui to Baidicheng (now Fengjie East, Sichuan). In August, Li Yi and Liu A were still witches. In April the following year, Liu Bei died of illness.

Sixth, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition

In 228 AD, Cao Pi died of illness, and Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to send troops to Hanzhong and led the army to take Qishan, where Cao Wei was hiding. At the same time, veteran Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi were sent to lead some divisions to threaten to attack Mae City from Gu Jie and then attack Chang 'an, the central city of Cao Wei. After more than two years of energy accumulation and full preparation, the Shu army quickly captured Qishan, and Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding of Cao Wei took refuge in Shu, which shook Cao Wei's ruling and opposition parties. Wei Mingdi Cao Rui immediately ordered General Cao Zhen to lead an army of 654.38+500,000 troops from Chang 'an to rescue Mae City. Zhang Heling, a wise and brave star, attacked Zhuge Liang's army with 50 thousand troops at night; I went to Chang 'an in person. Zhuge Liang took Ma Su as the pioneer and seized the strategic street kiosks. Ma Su didn't listen to Wang Ping's complaints, so he stationed his troops on a nearby mountain and let Wang Ping stay nearby. After Zhang He arrived at the street pavilion, some military forces prevented Wang Ping from joining forces with Ma Su, led the main force to surround the Ma Su army on the mountain, and ordered the release of Yamakaji. Ma Su was defeated, afraid to see Zhuge Liang, fled back to Chengdu and died in prison. After the Shu army lost its street pavilion, it was basically clamped down by Zhang He, unable to break through Zhang He's defense line. Zhaoyun Department on the Eastern Front was also defeated by Cao Zhen's superior forces; Zhuge Liang had no choice but to return to Hanzhong, and his first Northern Expedition failed. Before the Northern Expedition, General Wei Yan proposed to take a shortcut from Gu Jie to Chang 'an, but Zhuge Liang refused.

That winter, Fu Caoxiu of Cao Wei was defeated by Wu, and the main force of Guanzhong rescued Cao Xiu from the east. Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to break through the customs and surround Chencang's strategic location; Because Cao Zhen, the general of Cao Wei, had expected Zhuge Liang to do so, he asked Zhao Hao, the general with both wisdom and courage, to lead 3,000 soldiers and horses to guard their positions in advance. Due to the dangerous terrain of Chencang, it is easy to defend the south. After taking office, Zhao Hao prepared a lot of rolling stones, grease, rockets and other materials, and also strengthened the city wall. After more than 20 days of storm, the Shu army has not yet broken, and the Shu army is short of food and grass. The famous Cao Wei Zhang He also led troops to support. Zhuge Liang had to order to return to Hanzhong, set an ambush and kill Wei General Xinmeile Co., Ltd. who came to pursue; The second Northern Expedition ended in failure.

In the spring of 229 AD, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi (Chen Shou's father) to take Wudu and Yin Ping counties. Although the third northern expedition won two counties, it could not reverse the passive disadvantage.

In 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang made the fourth northern expedition and attacked Qishan, the stronghold of Cao Wei. Cao Rui ordered Sima Yi and Zhang He to lead troops against Zhuge Liang; Zhuge Liang left Wang Pingling and some troops to continue to attack Qishan, and led his main force to fight Sima Yi. On the way, he defeated Cao Wei's Liangzhou Pastoral Guo Huai Department and grabbed local wheat as rations. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from afar, and the supply line was long and arduous, so he could not persist; After Zhuge Liang's design was defeated by Sima Yi, Sima Yi could not persist. However, because Li Yan (Li Ping), the second powerful figure in charge of logistics, could not supply food and grass, Zhuge Liang had no choice but to retreat because of the false news that Zhuge Liang ordered his retreat. Sima Yi learned that Zhuge Liang had retreated, ordered the general Zhang He to pursue, Zhang He protested, Sima Yi forcibly ordered Zhang He to pursue, and Zhang He was ambushed by Zhuge Liang and shot by Zhuge Liang. The fourth Northern Expedition also ended in failure.

In 234 AD, after three years of cultivation and production, the Shu army changed its old method of starting from Qishan and sent troops from Gu Jie. At the same time, he sent a letter to Sun Quan to cooperate with the battle. Cao Wei and Sima Yi led troops to confront Zhuge Liang. After Zhuge Liang arrived in Wuzhangyuan, he reclaimed land in order to fight against Cao Wei's army for a long time. Sun Quan's army was also defeated by Wei Mingdi Cao Rui personally, and Sun Quan returned to Jianye; Sima Yi knew that the Shu army could not fight for long, and he also used the old method of waiting for the Shu army to run out of food. No matter how Zhuge Liang urged him, he still could not persist. Because the hardships and victories of military life are far away, Zhuge Liang is seriously ill; Zhuge Liang shelved Wei Yan, the deputy governor, to discuss the affairs with Jiang Wei and Yang Yi. After Zhuge Liang's death, Yang Yi was the commander in chief, and Wei Yan was put behind. Wei Yan disagreed with Yang Yi, so he went south to burn Pavilion Road and was defeated by Yang Yi. On the way back to Chengdu, he and his son were killed by Ma Dai sent by Yang Yi. Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions ended in failure.