Briefly describe Guizhou’s outstanding cultural manifestations in different historical periods.

Guizhou’s outstanding culture and Guizhou cultural development achievements in various historical periods.

The outstanding cultural manifestations of Guizhou’s various historical periods are: ① Culture before the establishment of the province: During the Paleolithic Age, Guizhou’s stone tools, bone tools and other crafts reflected primitive plastic arts. During the Warring States Period, a unique "Yelang culture" including bronze and ceramics had been formed. In the early Western Han Dynasty, there were historical and cultural celebrities such as Sheren, the author of "Erya Notes" in the Western Han Dynasty, Sheng Lan, a scholar of Ci and Fu, and Yin Zhen, an educator in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, singing and dancing were popular. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Confucian culture spread, and there was a cultural phenomenon of "beating bronze drums, blowing big horns, singing and dancing for fun", and Buddhist culture was also introduced. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, lamp and Nuo culture entered Guizhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, entertainment forms such as Lantern Festival singing, lantern dancing, story telling, and book singing, as well as local opera, lantern dance, Nuo dance, etc. took root in Guizhou, forming a distinctive "tunpu culture". In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming realized the academic thoughts of "unity of knowledge and action" and "cultivation of conscience" in Guizhou, forming the phenomenon of "Yangming Culture".

②The culture of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, "beach culture" emerged in northern Guizhou, which "dominated the culture of southwestern China" and left China with rich ideological, moral, cultural and artistic heritage. There are two creative climaxes in poetry, drama, calligraphy and painting, cliff carvings, architectural art, etc., which have unique styles. Religious culture including Catholicism and Christianity were introduced successively. In 1907, Zhou Suyuan founded the first daily newspaper in the province, Qian Bao. In 1909, Zhang Bailin and others sponsored the Southwest Daily, the official bookstore was established in Zunyi, and the private Wentong Bookstore was established in Guiyang.

③The culture of the Republic of China. Reform ideas were introduced to Guizhou in the late Qing Dynasty. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, new cultural ideas spread rapidly in Guizhou. In 1911, Huang Qisheng wrote the sensational patriotic historical drama "He Zhongxiang Wang Dabu Bridge Ending Festival New Script". In 1913, Guiyang gentleman Zhang Chunshan and others planned to build the theater "Qian Stage" to introduce Peking Opera to Guizhou. Sichuan opera artists Wei Xiangting, Xiong Kunshan and others founded the Sichuan Opera Class "Sichuan Opera Class" in Guizhou. In the 1920s, the provincial library and private libraries in Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and other places were established, and outdoor movie screenings appeared at the same time. In the 1930s, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army moved in Guizhou, leaving behind numerous relics and relics, forming the "Long March Culture" that is famous both at home and abroad. During the Anti-Japanese War, cross talk, northern storytelling, Henan pendants, etc. also flowed into Guizhou one after another; ethnic minority songs appeared such as "Gabaifu", which reflected the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army writing slogans such as "strike the rich and help the poor" when they passed by Taijiang River; the progressive group Guiyang Shatuo Amateur Drama Club, Zhuguang Music Research Association, etc. performed a large number of progressive dramas and musical works in Guiyang to promote anti-Japanese and national salvation; L'Equipe and other secret newspapers. During his stay in Guizhou, the famous violinist Ma Sicong served as the second director of the Guizhou Provincial Art Museum.

④Contemporary Guizhou culture. After the liberation of Guizhou, it began to carry out comprehensive construction of cultural undertakings in a focused and step-by-step manner. On December 26, 1949, the People's Government of Guizhou Province was established and the Department of Culture and Education was established. On November 28, 1949, "New Guizhou Daily", the official newspaper of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, was officially published. In 1950, Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station, Guizhou Branch of Xinhua Bookstore and Guizhou People's Publishing House were established. In 1953, the Federation of Literary and Art Workers of Guizhou Province was established, and founded the literary and art journals "New Guizhou Literature and Art", "Guizhou Pictorial" and "Creating New Songs". In 1956, the Guizhou branch preparatory committees of the Writers Association, Artists Association, Dramatists Association and Musicians Association were established. Published a number of outstanding works that have great influence across the country. In 1965, there were 33 professional theater troupes in the province. In 1958, the Provincial Museum was officially opened. In 1960, the Provincial Archives was completed and put into use. The construction of various cultural facilities has laid a good foundation for the development of Guizhou's socialist cultural undertakings. Various art groups created and performed Guizhou operas "Qin Niangmei" and "Lady Shexiang", which aroused great repercussions, and the lantern drama "Seven Sisters and the Snake Man". After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Guizhou's cultural undertakings have developed vigorously, and 12 literary and artistic associations have been established, including writers, fine arts, drama, music and dance, calligraphy, acrobatics, folk art, film, television, photography, folk literature, and literary theory research. Office, Urban Sculpture Studio, Guizhou Institute of Literature and other institutions. Literary and artistic publications such as "Mountain Flowers", "Southern Wind", and "Voice of Miaoling" published a large number of outstanding works, and a number of outstanding writers and artists emerged. The press, publishing, radio, film and television, and cultural relics and museums have all made brilliant achievements.

Guizhou’s cultural development achievements are as follows: ① Literature and art are flourishing. In terms of literary creation, a group of outstanding writers have created a large number of domestically influential works such as "Wasted Years" and "The Voice". In terms of ethnic and folk literature, *** has compiled and printed more than 220 volumes of materials, published more than 60 collections of related works, and published more than 20 collections of research papers and monographs. In terms of drama, the TV series "Huang Qisheng and Wang Ruofei", "Zunyi Conference", "Deng Xiaoping in 1950", "Raise Your Smile" and other award-winning films have been filmed; the dramas "February Day" and "Uka" have won the national minority He won the "Peacock Award" gold medal for the creation of ethnic-themed scripts, and many local operas, Peking operas, ethnic songs and dances, children's dance dramas, acrobatics, etc. have won various awards.

② Press, publishing, radio and television are changing with each passing day. In terms of news and publishing, the province has 17 comprehensive newspapers such as Guizhou Daily, Guizhou Metropolis Daily, and Guiyang Evening News, 87 types of publications and magazines, and 530 newly published books. In terms of radio and television, 4 high-power TV transmitting stations and more than 20 medium-power TV relay stations have been established. Cable broadcast stations and cable TV stations have been established. The TV population coverage rate is 90.5%, and the broadcasting population coverage rate reaches 83.3%.

③The construction of characteristic culture has achieved outstanding results. In the province's construction of a characteristic cultural belt, ethnic songs and dances, children's art, acrobatics, fine arts, Nuo opera, local opera, etc. have begun to go global.

④ Gratifying achievements have been made in the protection of cultural relics and the declaration of intangible cultural heritage. In terms of cultural relics protection, there are more than 2,300 cultural relics protection units in the province, among which the national key cultural relics protection units include the Zunyi Conference Site, Yang Can’s Tomb in Zunyi, Zhenyuan Qinglong Cave, Congjiang Zengchong Drum Tower, Leishan Langde Shangzhai Ancient Building Group, Xixi The former site of Feng Concentration Camp, Fuquanming City Wall, Zunyi Hailongtun, Qianxi Guanyin Cave ruins, Hezhang Keke ruins, Anshun Confucian Temple, Shiqian Longevity Palace, Pingba Tiantai Mountain, Liping Diping Fengyu Bridge, Bijie Datun Tusi Manor, Dafangshe Xiang Tomb, Anshun Yunshan Tun Ancient Building Group, Puding Chuandong Site, Panxian Dadong Site, Guiyang Jiaxiu Tower and Wenchang Pavilion, Xiuwen Yangming Cave and Guiyang Yangming Temple, Zhijin Ancient Building Group, Kaiyang Matou Village Ancient building complex, Tongren Dongshan ancient building complex, Songtaozhaiyingcun ancient building complex, Sinan Tang ancient building complex, Huangping Feiyunya ancient building complex, Huangping Jiuzhou ancient building complex, Fuquan Gejing Bridge, Anshun Ninggu ruins, Wanshan Mercury Mine Site, Xingrenjiale Han Tombs, Liping Conference Site, Qiandong Special Zone Revolutionary Committee Site, Red Army Fourth Crossing Chishui Battle Site, Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee Site, Twenty-four-Way Anti-Japanese War Highway Site, The ruins of Zhejiang University in Meitan, the ruins of Heping Village in Zhenyuan, etc. In terms of declaration of intangible cultural heritage, Guizhou has more than 30 among the first batch of national-level intangible cultural heritage approved by the State Council in 2006. In terms of ethnic songs and dances, there are ancient songs of the Miao ethnic group, big songs of the Dong ethnic group, pipa tunes of the Dong ethnic group, "eight-tone sitting singing" of the Buyi ethnic group, twelve bronze drum tunes of the Buyi ethnic group, carved Taoist songs of the Miao ethnic group, Lusheng dance of the Miao ethnic group, and wooden drum drums of the Miao ethnic group; , there are Miao Guzang Festival, Miao Sisters Festival, Dong Sama Festival, Shui Duanjie, Buyi Chabai Song Festival, Gelao Maolong Festival; in terms of ethnic drama, there are Anshun Di Opera, Dejiang Tantang Opera, Sinan Lantern opera, Shiqian puppet show, Dong opera, Buyi opera, Yi Taiji; in terms of ethnic and folk crafts, there are Miao stilted building architecture, Miao batik, Miao embroidery, Miao silver ornaments, Miao reed pipe production, jade screen flute production, and Shui horsetail Embroidery, Maotai wine making skills, leather paper making skills; in terms of ethnic writing, there is the custom of Shuishi calligraphy.

⑤Cultural infrastructure is increasingly improving. By 2005, the province had built 95 cultural centers and art galleries, 91 public libraries, and more than 1,000 township, town and street cultural stations. The newly-built automated and networked provincial library has a relatively complete modern comprehensive service system including document review, information consultation, computer retrieval, multimedia reading, Internet international interconnection, data development, audio-visual and micro-services. The book collections of libraries at all levels have also increased significantly.

⑥The development of cultural industry is in the ascendant. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Guizhou’s cultural industry has gradually developed, and its cultural exchanges with foreign countries have become increasingly active. The output value of the province's cultural industry is increasing at a rate of 15% every year, reaching more than 60 million yuan in 2002. In 2004, the main business income of culture, sports and entertainment was 483 million yuan, and the total profit was 42 million yuan. Culture and art with distinctive local and national characteristics have been introduced to more than 30 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America.

In 2005, the first Huangguoshu Cup "Colorful Guizhou" Singing Competition promoted the large-scale ethnic song and dance "Colorful Guizhou Style" to enter the cultural market and won high honors both inside and outside the province.