Kindergarten primary education: who is pulling out the seedlings to encourage?

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Memorizing Tang poems, counting addition and subtraction within 100, learning pinyin, reading and writing Chinese characters with complicated strokes, and even learning abacus mental arithmetic and mental arithmetic ... Some educators say that these "primary school" practices go beyond children's physical and mental development level, violate children's cognitive laws, and easily make children form bad study habits. So what causes children to get into contact with primary school knowledge prematurely, and who makes kindergarten education primary? A few days ago, the reporter conducted an investigation and interview.

Interview content: Problems in kindergarten primary education.

Interviewees: parents, teacher Zhao of Tuanjie Primary School, director of the first kindergarten in Saihan District, and deputy director of the Education Bureau of Saihan District.

Interview location: Hohhot

Quotations:

The phenomenon of kindergarten primary education is widespread in private kindergartens, and the education department has been paying close attention to it and making unremitting efforts. Last year, Saihan District Education Bureau cancelled the qualification of a private kindergarten during the inspection.

—— Zhang Zhiqiang, Deputy Director of Saihan District Education Bureau

Some children learn some first-grade knowledge in kindergarten, and then let them learn pinyin in the first grade. Their interest in learning is obviously not strong, and they are even tired of learning.

—— Teacher Zhao of Unity Primary School in Xincheng District

The first thing children aged 3-6 learn in kindergarten should be the formation of good habits.

—— Qi Mu, director of the first kindergarten in Saihan District

Today's children are very smart and faster than we were then. Learning more is only good, not bad.

—— Parent Ms. Zhang

The phenomenon of kindergarten primary school is very common.

On September 4th, the reporter went to Yucai Kindergarten in Daizhouying Village, Xincheng District, and made an unannounced visit to this private kindergarten as a parent. The outside of this kindergarten looks like a residential building, but the plaque at the door reads "Yucai Kindergarten" in big letters.

On the same day 10, the reporter met Ms. Wang who claimed to be the director. The reporter asked the child what class he should attend at the age of five. Ms. Wang said that she should go to the middle class. The reporter asked what the middle class had learned. Ms. Wang said that the middle class has begun to write with pens. Besides art, craft, etiquette, safety and common sense, I also know more than 200 words, learn the most basic mathematics and Hong En English, and teach pen speed calculation, but it costs extra. Ms. Wang said that there is homework in the middle class, but not a lot.

Later, the reporter asked what the preschool class had learned. Ms. Wang said that preschool mathematics began to learn the four-digit advance and retreat. She said that it should be easy for children to go to the first grade of primary school after preschool. At some point, Ms. Wang gave the reporter some homework written by preschool children. The reporter saw that in the Chinese exercise book, in addition to the words with simple strokes, there are also words with complex strokes such as "Bear". In the math exercise book, it is a simple addition and subtraction problem in grade one. The reporter saw that every page of these Chinese and math homework as examples was checked by the teacher with a red pen.

Ms. Wang said: "Here, children learn a little more, and the first grade is basically easy."

Subsequently, the reporter made unannounced visits to several other private kindergartens in the village and found that these private kindergartens basically involved the content of the first grade of primary school, and some kindergartens left homework for their children from the middle class.

In the interview, the reporter found that not only the private kindergartens in the village are becoming primary schools, but also the kindergartens in the urban areas.

Zhang Zhiqiang, deputy director of Saihan District Education Bureau, said in an interview that the phenomenon of primary school education in kindergarten is widespread in private kindergartens, and the education department has been paying close attention to it and making unremitting efforts. Last year, Saihan District Education Bureau cancelled the qualification of a private kindergarten during the inspection. Zhang Zhiqiang said that among other violations, some classes in kindergarten were found posting homework behind the door, and children were also asked to learn pinyin and write complicated Chinese characters, such as "Goose". Zhang Zhiqiang said that this is a very important aspect of disqualification.

The reason is to cater to parents' psychology

In the interview, whether it is an educator or a kindergarten teacher, the reporter heard the most that kindergarten education is elementary school, which is completely to cater to parents' psychology.

Ms. Zhang lives in Yuquan District. Many years ago, she and her husband came to Hohhot to work from Chayouqianqi, Wulanchabu City. Last year, after years of hard work, they finally bought a house in the city. After settling down, they immediately took their 4-year-old son from his hometown in the countryside and sent him to a private kindergarten not far from home. Shortly after her son went to kindergarten, Ms. Zhang found a problem. Compared with the children in the city, she found that her son's speaking ability and extracurricular knowledge were far behind those in the city. In order not to let her son fall behind other children, she specially found a teacher to let her son learn pinyin, Chinese characters and arithmetic from the middle class.

Coincidentally, Ms. Li's daughter is 5 years old and is also in a large class in a private kindergarten in Saihan District. Speaking of her 5-year-old daughter, Ms. Li is very proud. She said, "My daughter can already calculate the addition and subtraction within 100. She also knows a lot of Chinese characters and can recite more than a dozen Tang poems. Especially after learning mental arithmetic, the advance and retreat addition and subtraction of two digits can be calculated quickly. "

The reporter found in the interview that there are still many parents like Ms. Zhang and Ms. Li.

On September 4, a reporter asked a parent, "Aren't you afraid that your child will get tired of learning if he is exposed to the knowledge of primary school students too early?" Ms. Zhang hesitated and said to the reporter: "There should be no problem. Today's children are very smart and react faster than we did then. Learning more is only good, not bad. "

In the interview, a staff member who has been engaged in preschool education for many years in Xincheng District analyzed that in recent years, with the increase of migrant workers, private kindergartens have sprung up, which has more or less impacted public kindergartens, especially caused the shortage of students in enterprise kindergartens. In order to change this phenomenon, a few public kindergartens and enterprise kindergartens consciously become primary schools. In fact, to put it bluntly, it is to cater to the needs of parents, expand students and increase income.

According to the staff, there are about 1. 1 000 preschool children in the new city. Of these children, 1/3 went to public kindergartens, 1/3 went to private kindergartens, and 1/3 went to "black kindergartens" (that is, unlicensed kindergartens).

Suggest preschool education experts: it is very important to cultivate children's good habits.

The reporter learned that compared with private kindergartens, there are fewer primary schools in public kindergartens. Qi Mu, director of the No.1 kindergarten in Saihan District, has been engaged in education for many years. She said that the purpose of running the first kindergarten in Saihan District has always been in accordance with the guiding outline of kindergarten education. She believes that the needs of parents are an important factor leading to the vicious circle of kindergarten primary education.

Qi Mu said that parents are not experts in education and don't know how to educate their children. They just like to see how much their children have learned in kindergarten. Every night when children come home, parents will ask, what did the teacher teach you today and what did you learn? If children tell their parents that they have learned a few Chinese characters and can calculate several problems, parents will be very happy. Qi Mu said that in order to correct some parents' psychology, the No.1 Kindergarten in Saihan District invites preschool education experts to train new parents every year before the school starts, telling them what children aged 3-6 should learn in kindergarten.

Qi Mu said that the first thing for children aged 3-6 to learn in kindergarten should be the formation of good habits. For example, how to wash your hands before and after meals. Learn to "say hello", whether to say hello to others or wait for others to say hello to yourself. This is different. Secondly, kindergartens should also cultivate children's correct emotions and emotions, which is the so-called emotional intelligence, that is, emotional intelligence. In this process, children should learn to be modest, to help others, to live collectively and to cooperate with others. Qi Mu said that the cultivation of emotional intelligence is very important, which will affect a child's life. Finally, what children need to learn in kindergarten is cognitive ability. When the cognitive ability reaches the first semester of the big class, the teacher teaches the children some very shallow knowledge, knowing the words is enough, and the children are not required to write. In the second semester of the big class, children are only allowed to hold pens, and the math and English involved are only interest classes, so that children can learn the simple concept of "number" in play.

There are many disadvantages in improving primary education in kindergartens.

Will have a weariness of learning.

Teacher Zhao from Tuanjie Primary School in Xincheng District has been teaching Chinese in Grade One and Grade Two for many years. Talking about the disadvantages of kindergarten education in primary schools, she said that some children learn some first-grade knowledge in kindergartens, and then let them learn pinyin in the first grade. Their interest in learning is obviously not strong, and they are even tired of learning.

Liu Junping, an associate professor who has been engaged in pre-school education research for many years in Hohhot Vocational College, said with anxiety that through years of research, it is found that exposing children to primary school knowledge prematurely will lead to children's boredom with learning, and children will lose their thinking ability in passive learning, but they are unwilling to take the initiative to think and will not take the initiative to think, which will affect their lives.

Bad habits are hard to get rid of.

Teacher Zhao said that some kindergartens are particularly difficult to correct because of the wrong methods of imparting knowledge, such as irregular pinyin reading and irregular stroke order. In particular, the writing posture is not standardized, which is basically difficult to correct. Primary education in kindergartens not only makes children's mistakes in some aspects accompany them until they grow up, but also brings difficulties to primary school teachers' teaching. In the first month of the first semester of freshmen every year, teachers spend almost all their time correcting the irregular study habits, living habits and behaviors of freshmen. Teacher Zhao said with emotion: "This month is the most difficult one."

Teacher Zhao said that compared with some private kindergartens, public kindergartens pay more attention to children's all-round development and have less pure knowledge infiltration. Because public kindergartens pay attention to cultivating children's life and study habits, first-grade teachers can teach children to learn according to the syllabus from the beginning.

To this end, Teacher Zhao also suggested that children should watch more, speak more and write less in kindergarten to cultivate their good habits and interests.

Identifying the Education Department: Affecting the Normal Teaching Order of Primary Schools

The reporter learned in the interview that the education department has long noticed the adverse effects of kindergarten primary education on children's growth. At the beginning of this year, Hohhot Education Bureau issued the Notice of Hohhot Education Bureau on Preventing and Correcting the Tendency of "Primary School", No.20121.

According to the notice, at present, some kindergartens in Hohhot have a tendency of "primary school" to varying degrees. In order to cater to parents' psychology, these kindergartens moved the teaching content of primary schools to kindergartens, taught pinyin, writing, arithmetic and mental arithmetic, and unilaterally emphasized "instilling" knowledge into children, even assigned homework, and organized various forms of examinations and competitions. These "primary school" practices exceed the level of children's physical and mental development, violate children's cognitive laws, easily lead to children's bad study habits, produce negative emotions such as weariness and fear, and seriously affect children's physical and mental health development.

The notice also said that the "primary school" of kindergartens also affected the normal teaching order of primary schools. Because children learn elementary knowledge with different contents and requirements in kindergarten, it is difficult for primary school teachers to teach according to the teaching requirements when they enter the first grade of primary school, which not only disrupts the progress of primary school education, but also dampens students' learning enthusiasm.

The notice also said that the "primary school" of kindergartens also misled the social education atmosphere, and some parents "encouraged their children to win at the starting line" and asked kindergartens to implement "primary school" education; In order to meet the needs of parents, kindergartens violate the educational objectives and contents and deviate from the correct track of early childhood education, which will definitely have a negative impact on the healthy development of early childhood education.

It is stipulated that no subject courses beyond the pre-school education stage may be offered.

The reporter learned that the Education Bureau of Saihan District specially formulated and issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Preschool Education in Saihan District of Hohhot when the new semester started in September this year, in which Article 19 stipulates: "The curriculum and content of preschool education should meet the requirements of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial), attach importance to the health education and moral education of preschool children, and pay attention to their emotions, attitudes and habits. In the course content setting, it does not cater to the unreasonable needs of society unilaterally, and it is not allowed to offer subject courses outside the pre-school education stage. " This regulation once again puts forward normative requirements for the primary school of kindergarten education.