Introduction to Zhu Ziqing’s works

Zhu Ziqing

Zhu Ziqing (1898.11.22-1948.8.12) was originally named Zihua, with the pseudonym Qiushi, and later changed his name to Ziqing, with the courtesy name Peixian. He is a famous modern writer. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, he was born in Donghai, Jiangsu, and later settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father. He studied in a private school when he was young and was influenced by traditional Chinese culture. He entered a higher primary school in 1912 and was admitted to Peking University Preparatory School after graduating from middle school in 1916. "Sleep, Little One" written in February 1919 was his first new poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and was influenced by the May 4th wave and embarked on the path of literature. Mao Zedong once praised Zhu Ziqing's integrity, saying that he was "seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive American 'relief food'".

After graduating from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1920, he taught middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and actively participated in the New Literature Movement. In 1922, he founded the monthly "Poetry" with Yu Pingbo and others, which was the earliest poetry magazine during the birth of new poetry. He is a member of the Early Literature Society. The long poem "Destruction" was published in 1923. At this time, he also wrote beautiful prose such as "The Qinhuai River in the Shadow of the Sound and Lantern".

In August 1925, he taught at Tsinghua University and began to study Chinese classical literature; his creations were mainly prose. "Back View" and "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" written in 1927 are both popular masterpieces. In 1931, he studied in England and traveled around Europe. After returning to China, he wrote "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travels". In September 1932, he was appointed director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he moved south to Kunming with the school and served as a professor at Southwest Associated University, teaching courses such as "Song Poetry" and "Literary Research". During this period, he wrote the prose "Semantic Shadow". In 1946, he returned to Beijing from Kunming and served as director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

Zhu Ziqing has 27 kinds of works, totaling about 1.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research, etc. Most of them were included in the 4-volume "Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing" published by Kaiming Bookstore in 1953. In 1988, Jiangsu Education Press once again comprehensively collected, organized and published 6 volumes of Zhu Ziqing's works. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, "Qinhuai River in the Sound of Oars and Shadows of Lanterns" published in 1923 showed his talent in prose writing. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. The collection of essays "Back" published in 1928 made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyrical essays. The themes of his works can be divided into three series: the first is a group of essays whose main content is to write about social life and criticize the dark reality. Representative works include "The Price of Life-Seven Cents" and "Caucasians-The Proud Son of God" and "The Regulatory Massacre." The second is a group of prose represented by "Back View", "Children" and "Mourning the Dead Wife", which mainly describe personal and family life, express the human relations between father and son, husband and wife, and friends, and have a strong human touch. Third, there is a group of lyrical sketches focusing on natural scenery, such as "Green", "Spring", "Qinhuai River in the Sound of Oars and Shadows of Lights", "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", etc., which are his representative masterpieces. The latter two types of prose are the most outstanding ones written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "Back View" and "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" are even more popular. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear, meaningful and melancholy. It is refined with language and is famous for its clear and beautiful writing style, which is full of true feelings.

Because three generations have settled in Yangzhou, he graduated from Jiangsu No. 8 Middle School and High School, which was located in Yangzhou at that time, and worked as a teacher in Yangzhou, so he calls himself "Yangzhou native". He is a famous modern writer and scholar. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, was named Jupo and his original surname was Yu. He changed his surname because he inherited the Zhu family name. He was a cautious person and served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province for more than 10 years during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. His father's name is Hongjun, also known as Xiaopo. He is married to Zhou and is a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), Zhu Hongjun went from Donghai to Shaobo Town, Yangzhou Prefecture, and took office. Two years later, the family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou ever since.

Professor Zhu Ziqing, a famous essayist in my country, suffered from severe stomach problems in his later years. His monthly salary was only enough to buy 3 bags of flour, which was not enough for his family of 12, and he had no money for medical treatment. At that time, the Kuomintang colluded with the United States and launched a civil war, and the United States implemented a policy of supporting Japan. One day, Wu Han asked Zhu Ziqing to sign a declaration "Protesting the U.S. policy of supporting Japan and refusing to receive U.S. aid flour." He resolutely signed and said: "I would rather die of poverty and illness than accept such insulting charity. "On August 12 of this year (1948), Zhu Ziqing died in Beijing due to poverty.

Before he died, he told his wife: "I signed the document rejecting US flour aid. Our family will not buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang in the future." Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive "relief food" from the United States. ", showing the backbone of the Chinese people. On the eve of the liberation of Beijing, he died of stomach disease.

Bibliography of works:

"Snow Dynasty" (poem collection) 1922, Business

"Traces" (poetry and prose) 1924, Yadong Library

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"Back View" (Collected Essays), 1928, Kaiming

"Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe" (Collected Essays), 1934, Kaiming

"You and Me" (Collected Essays), 1936 , Business

"London Miscellaneous Notes" (Collected Essays) 1943, Kaiming

"Chinese Teaching" (Collected Essays) 1945, Kaiming

"Classics" (Collected Essays) 1946, Wenguang

"Poetry Commentary" (Poetry Theory) 1947, Kaiming

"New Poetry Miscellanies" (Poetry Theory) 1947, Writer's Bookstore

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"Standards and Measures" (Collected Essays), 1948, Wen Guang

"Chinese Shiling" (Collected Essays), 1948, Mingshan Bookstore

"On Elegance and Popularity***" "Appreciation" (Collection of Essays) 1948, Observation Society

"Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing" (Volume 1-4) 1953, Kaiming

"Collection of Essays on Classical Literature of Zhu Ziqing" (Volume 1-2) 1981, Ancient Books

"Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Prefaces and Postscripts" (Collected Essays) 1983, Triplet

"Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing" 1986, Baihua

"The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing" (1- 3 volumes) 1988, Jiangsu Education (not yet published) ----

Zhu Ziqing's prose collection:

1. "Hurry"

2. "Singing" "

3. "The Qinhuai River in the Shadow of the Sound and Lantern"

4. "Trace of Wenzhou"

5. "Back View"

< p>6. "The Civilization of Ships"

7. "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond"

8. "Women"

9. "Postscript to "Plum Blossoms""

10. "Caucasians - God's Proud Son"

11. "Embrace Wei and Hold Qingjun"

12. "Ahe"

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13. "Children"

14. "Ai Weijie Three Lords"

15. "Travel Notes"

16. "Wandering" "

17. "Talking about Dreams"

18. "Bai Cai"

19. "Miscellaneous Notes of Hai Xing"

20. "A Letter"

21. "Preface"

His scenery prose occupies an important position in the prose creation of modern literature. His use of vernacular to describe scenery is the most charming. For example, in "Green", metaphors, contrasts and other techniques are used to depict the quality and color of Meiyutan Waterfall in a delicate and profound way. The text is deliberately crafted, showing superb skills in controlling language.

His superb writing skills are even more vividly demonstrated in "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond". For example, when describing the beauty of the lotus under the moonlight, the author compares it to a bright pearl, a star in the blue sky, and a beauty out of the bath; when describing the faint fragrance of the lotus, he also uses the words "like a vague fragrance floating from a tall building in the distance." In the sentence "like a singing voice", the singing voice is used as a metaphor for the fragrance, and the vagueness is used as a metaphor for the lightness of the fragrance. The use of this synaesthetic technique is accurate and wonderful.

Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, using plain language to express sincere and deep feelings in simple narratives. This type of works can often express the author's integrity, enthusiasm, and progressive heart. For example, "The Price of Life--Seven Cents" and "White People--The Proud Son of God!" are all representative works of this style, among which they have the greatest influence. The one is "Back View". This prose has washed away his past glory. Through his father's every move, readers seem to see the author's bleak family situation and his father's deep love for his son.

Zhu Ziqing has lived in Yangzhou for 13 years, spending his childhood and adolescence here. His feelings about this period of life in the ancient city were subtle and complex.

Probably because life was too monotonous, he later said that only "thin shadows" of childhood memories were left, "like being washed away by a flood of water, so lonely that it was shocking!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, , after all, it was the first "inn" when I was a child.

Yangzhou is a cultural city with beautiful scenery, its lakes and mountains, and pleasant scenery. It has attracted many poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo, Ouyang Xiu, etc. to linger here, explore the secluded places, and write many popular and magnificent poems. Cantos. Yangzhou is also a heroic historical city. In the history of resisting foreign invasion, it has written countless glorious chapters and left many evocative stories. The beautiful scenery of the ancient city and the strong culture of advocating culture have invisibly cultivated the temperament of young Zhu Ziqing, developing his peaceful and upright character and his yearning for natural beauty. The beautiful mountains and rivers of Yangzhou nourished his soul like rain and dew, nourished his emotions, enriched his imagination, and made his feelings always full of poetry and painting. Yangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, had a subtle and profound influence on him.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyrical essays. The themes of his works can be divided into three series: the first is a group of essays whose main content is to write about social life and criticize the dark reality. Representative works include "The Price of Life--Seven Cents" and "Caucasians--The Proud Son of God". ” and “The Massacre of the Ruling Government”. The second is a group of prose represented by "Back", "Children" and "Mourning for the Dead Wife", which mainly describe personal and family life, express the human relations between father and son, husband and wife, and friends, and have a strong human touch. Third, there is a group of lyrical sketches focusing on natural scenery, such as "Green", "Spring", "Qinhuai River in the Sound of Oars and Shadows of Lights", "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", etc., which are his representative masterpieces. The latter two types of prose are the most outstanding ones written by Zhu Ziqing. Among them, "Back View" and "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" are even more popular. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear, meaningful and melancholy. It is refined with language and is famous for its clear and beautiful writing style, which is full of true feelings.

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