Popular science knowledge of atomizing inhalation

Autumn and winter are the high incidence seasons of children's respiratory diseases. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, the indoor air quality is degraded, viruses and germs are easy to multiply, and children's respiratory organs are not yet mature, which is easy to cause children's respiratory infections.

Atomization inhalation means that drugs are changed into fine mist particles through a sprayer, and then directly enter the respiratory tract with natural inhalation to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Atomization inhalation does not require the active cooperation of children. Children can easily and naturally inhale drugs through masks or mouthparts to avoid aggravating the tension caused by illness and discomfort. It is one of the main methods to treat childhood asthma at present.

Compared with systemic medication, atomized inhalation therapy has more advantages. Atomization inhalation has the advantages of small dosage, small systemic side effects, direct access to target organs, high local drug concentration, rapid onset, no pain to patients and easy acceptance.

Asthma, acute laryngitis, bronchiolitis, asthmatic pneumonia, acute wheezing of infants, chronic lung disease of premature infants, acute and chronic cough, mycoplasma pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and other airway inflammatory diseases.

① Glucocorticoids (budesonide suspension and dexamethasone) are the most effective anti-inflammatory measures for asthma at present. It can effectively relieve asthma symptoms, improve the quality of life, improve lung function, reduce airway obstruction, control airway inflammation, and reduce the number of acute attacks and mortality. Budesonide suspension is a commonly used aerosol inhalation dosage form in China at present. Dexamethasone is a water-soluble glucocorticoid synthesized by adrenal gland. Because dexamethasone inhaled by atomization has less binding with airway mucosa, low deposition rate in lung and short retention time in airway, it is difficult for dexamethasone to exert local anti-inflammatory effect through inhalation, so it is not recommended for asthmatic diseases.

② Atomized inhalation of bronchodilators (terbutaline and ipratropium bromide) is one of the main therapeutic measures to relieve bronchospasm.

③ Mucolytic agents (ambroxol hydrochloride, α-chymotrypsin) are common causes of airway obstruction, which can aggravate lung function damage and induce infection. Atomization inhalation of mucolytic agent is beneficial to sputum discharge. At present, ambroxol hydrochloride, a commonly used injection preparation, is not recommended for atomizing inhalation in its product manual, but there are reports of clinical application in China. At present, the clinical application of α -chymotrypsin has been reported, but its effectiveness needs to be further confirmed.

④ The disease-resistant substance (ribavirin, interferon-α) ribavirin has clear indications for virus infection. At present, there is no recommended dose of children's inhaled interferon α, and its effectiveness needs to be further confirmed.

(1), before treatment, remove oral secretions, food residues, etc. So as not to hinder the penetration of droplets, do not wipe your face with oil and cream before atomization.

② When treating elderly children, patients are required to inhale slowly and deeply to make droplets inhale deeper; It is better for children to inhale when they are quiet than when they are crying. Pay attention to whether there are bronchospasm-like manifestations such as choking cough, and report to the doctor in time.

(3), atomization inhalation of drugs.