Publicity materials of drowning prevention safety education _ drowning prevention safety education

There are many drowning accidents of minors in China every year, and each accident will cause a series of social problems. Then, it is very important to carry out drowning prevention safety education and publicity. The following is the publicity knowledge of drowning prevention safety education I compiled for your reference.

Contents

How to prevent drowning

Symptoms and signs of drowning

First-aid measures at the drowning site

How to prevent drowning

1. Don't go swimming alone, let alone go swimming in places where you don't know the bottom of the water, water conditions or are dangerous and prone to drowning casualties. Choose a good swimming place, and have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of the water.

2. You must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. To take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, it is necessary to count the number of people before and after launching, and designate lifeguards for safety protection.

3. Be aware of your physical health. People who are prone to cramps in their limbs at ordinary times should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. To get ready before going into the water, exercise your body first. If the water temperature is too low, rinse your body with water in shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. Students with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking.

4. Be self-aware of your own water quality. Don't show off after entering the water. Don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other to avoid drinking water and drowning. Don't swim in rapids and whirlpools, let alone drink and swim.

5. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation and shortness of breath, you should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help.

6. If you have cramps in your calves or feet during swimming, don't panic. You can kick or jump hard, or massage and pull the cramps, and call your peers for help.

7. In case of drowning accident in swimming, first aid on the spot is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the vomit, sediment and other impurities in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; The tongue should be pulled out to avoid backward inversion blocking the respiratory tract; Raise the abdomen of the drowning person to make his chest and head droop, or hold his legs and put his abdomen on the shoulder of the rescuer, and do the action of walking or jumping to "pour water". Restoring the drowning person's breathing is the key to the success or failure of first aid. Artificial respiration should be carried out immediately, and mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose artificial respiration can be adopted. At the same time of first aid, it should be sent to the hospital quickly for treatment.

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Symptoms and signs of drowning

Due to the length of drowning, the severity of the illness varies. If you are rescued in the early stage of laryngeal spasm (within 1-2 min of drowning) for a short time, it is mainly the anoxic performance of transient asphyxia. After being rescued, you are more conscious, with choking, faster breathing frequency, higher blood pressure, chest tightness and discomfort, and sore limbs. In the late stage of laryngeal spasm (within 3 ~ 4 min of drowning), people will suffocate and lack oxygen for a long time, and may have signs such as confusion, irritability or confusion, severe cough, dyspnea, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, cold skin and cyanosis. After the laryngeal spasm, water enters the respiratory tract and digestive tract, and the clinical manifestations are disturbance of consciousness, eyelid edema, eye congestion, bloody foam phlegm in mouth and nose, cold white skin, cyanosis, dyspnea, blisters in both lungs and swelling in the upper abdomen. When the drowning time is more than 5 minutes, it shows coma, bloody secretions from mouth and nose, heavy cyanosis, breathlessness or weak superficiality, disorder, unclear heart sounds, respiratory failure, heart failure, and even dilated pupils and respiratory heartbeat stop. In addition, the rescuer with a long course of disease was secondary to lung infection due to sewage entering the lungs, and even complicated with ARDS, brain edema, acute renal insufficiency, hemolysis or anemia, DIC and other diseases.

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First-aid measures for drowning

(1) Self-help for swimmers who can't swim

First-aid for drowning

First-aid for drowning (1) Don't be flustered after falling into the water, and be sure to keep a clear head.

(2) Calmly put your head back and your mouth up, and expose your nose and mouth to the water, then you can breathe.

(3) Breathe shallowly, inhale deeply, and float your body on the water as much as possible to wait for others to rescue you.

(4) remember: never raise your hand or struggle hard, because it will easily make people sink.

(2) Self-rescue of swimmers

(1) Drowning is usually caused by calf gastrocnemius spasm, so you should calm down and call for help in time.

(2) Hold yourself in a ball and float to the surface.

(3) Take a deep breath, immerse your face in the water, and pull the thumb of the spastic (cramped) lower limb forward and upward, so that the thumb is lifted up, and continue to exert force until the severe pain disappears, and the cramp will naturally stop.

(4) After an attack, the same part can cramp again, so you should fully massage the painful part and swim slowly to the shore, and it is best to massage and hot compress the affected part after landing.

(5) If the wrist muscles cramp, you can bend and stretch your fingers up and down, and take a supine position to swim on both feet.

(3) mutual rescue

(1) The rescuer should be calm, take off his clothes and trousers as much as possible, especially his shoes and boots, and swim to the drowning person quickly.

(2) For the exhausted drowning person, the rescuer can approach from the head.

(3) For the conscious drowning person, the rescuer should approach from behind, hold the head and neck of the drowning person from behind with one hand, and hold the arm of the drowning person with the other hand to swim to the shore.

(4) If the rescuer is not skilled in swimming, it is best to carry a lifebuoy, a wooden board or use a boat to rescue him, or throw ropes and bamboo poles for the drowning person to hold and then tow him ashore.

(5) attention should be paid to prevent drowning people from clinging to each other and being in danger. If you are hugged, don't drag each other. You should let go and sink yourself, so that the drowning person can release his hand, and then rescue him.

(4) medical treatment or on-site first aid of the first witness

(1) The first witness immediately calls 12 or the emergency telephone of the affiliated hospital to request medical first aid after finding the drowning person;

(2) After the first witness or emergency medical personnel arrived at the scene, they first rescued the drowning person ashore;

(3) Immediately remove silt, weeds and vomit from the mouth and nose of the drowning person, and open the airway to give oxygen.

(4) Carry out controlled water treatment (pouring water), that is, quickly put the patient on the knees of the rescuer, head down, and then press the back to force the water sucked into the respiratory tract and stomach to flow out, and the time should not be too long (1 minute is enough).

(5) Carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the spot, put it in an ambulance as soon as possible, and transfer it to a nearby hospital quickly. As a rescuer, we must remember that all people who are in drowning shock, no matter what the situation, must continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the time of discovery.

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