What types of garbage are there and how to deal with it?

Garbage is divided into the following categories:

The phenomenon in which garbage occupies land, blocks rivers and lakes, hinders sanitation, affects landscapes, and harms crop growth and human health is called garbage pollution.

Garbage includes industrial waste and domestic waste. Industrial waste slag refers to waste generated during industrial production and processing, mainly including coal grinding stone, fly ash, steel slag, blast furnace slag, red mud, plastic and petroleum waste residue, etc. Domestic waste mainly includes kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, metal products, etc. In cities, due to the increasing population, domestic waste is increasing at a rate of 10% every year, posing a major public hazard.

The serious harm caused by garbage is, first of all, the occupation of a large amount of land. Second, it pollutes farmland. The third is contamination of groundwater. Fourth, it pollutes the atmosphere. Some organic substances in industrial waste can produce odor through biological decomposition at a certain temperature, thus polluting the atmosphere. The fifth is spreading diseases. Domestic garbage contains germs and parasites. If it is used directly as farm fertilizer, people may contract infectious diseases if they eat vegetables and fruits that have been treated with such fertilizer.

With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's lives, urban garbage has increased significantly. Garbage disposal has become an urgent issue in the comprehensive improvement of urban environment.

Food contamination

Food is one of the three major elements that constitute human life and health. Once food is contaminated, it will endanger human health. Food contamination refers to the various foods that people eat, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, eggs, etc., that are mixed with harmful and toxic substances or germs during the production, transportation, packaging, storage, sales, and cooking processes.

Food contamination can be divided into two categories: biological pollution and chemical pollution.

Biological contamination refers to the contamination of food by harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Bacteria and fungi, which are microorganisms, are invisible to the human eye. When eggs turn rancid and vegetables rot, bacteria and fungi are mainly at work. There are many types of bacteria. Some bacteria, such as Proteus, Flavobacterium, and Enterobacter, can directly contaminate animal food, or they can contaminate animal food through tools, containers, washing water, etc., causing food spoilage. There are many types of fungi, with more than 50,000 species. The earliest mold that served humans was a type of fungus. Nowadays, the fermented bean curd and soy sauce products that people eat are inseparable from mold. However, more than 100 strains of these strains produce toxins, the most toxic of which is aflatoxin. After food is contaminated by this toxin, it will cause primary liver cancer in animals. According to surveys, in areas with high levels of aflatoxin in food, the incidence of liver cancer is dozens of times higher than in other areas. British scientists believe that breast cancer may be related to aflatoxin. The climate in East my country and South-Central China is warm and humid, and aflatoxin contamination is relatively common, mainly on peanuts and corn, followed by rice and other foods. Parasites that contaminate food mainly include roundworms, tapeworms, trichinella, etc. These parasites generally contaminate water sources and soil through the feces of patients and sick animals, and then contaminate fish, fruits, and vegetables. People will become infected after eating them. Cause parasitic diseases.

Chemical pollution is caused by harmful and toxic chemicals contaminating food. Various pesticides are a major source of chemical pollution in food, as well as industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residues containing harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and nitro compounds; food colorings, preservatives, color developers, sweeteners, etc. Flavoring agents, curing agents, antioxidant food additives; plastics, paper, metal containers for food packaging, etc. If you use waste newspapers and old magazines to package food, the PCBs contained in these papers will enter the human body through the food and cause illness. PCBs are a general term for more than 200 chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, and a large number of them are produced and used in the world today. There is evidence that traces of PCBs have been found in river water, seawater, aquatic organisms, soil, atmosphere, wild animals and plants, human milk, fat, and even in the bodies of penguins in the Antarctic and whales in the Arctic Ocean. During food processing, adding some food coloring can keep the color bright. But some synthetic colors are toxic.

To prevent food contamination, we must not only pay attention to food hygiene, but also start from all aspects of production, transportation, processing, storage, and sales.

Only in this way can the problem be fundamentally solved.

Soil pollution

Land is the basis of human beings' food and clothing. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, land has suffered unprecedented damage. Among them, soil pollution is like a soft knife, depriving large areas of fertile soil of its productivity.

Soil pollution mainly refers to the phenomenon that certain harmful substances in the soil greatly exceed the normal content and the land cannot eliminate the influence of these harmful substances. Severe soil pollution can lead to reduced growth and development of crops and even withering and death. These pollution consequences can be detected in time. More soil pollution has no obvious manifestations, but reduces the quality of agricultural products, especially through the enrichment of harmful substances by crops, secretly endangering livestock and human health, and must be highly vigilant.

Soil pollution mainly comes from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, waste gas, waste residue, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Domestic sewage and human and animal excrement contain many nutrients that plants need. Using sewage to irrigate fields or apply manure will generally increase crop production. However, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and eggs in these wastewater and wastes enter farmland and are deposited in the soil, causing soil pollution. Human contact with contaminated soil and agricultural products can cause tetanus, epidemic diseases, endemic diseases, and parasitic diseases.

Modern agriculture uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers, resulting in large amounts of inorganic substances such as nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides remaining in the soil. They destroy the physical and chemical properties of the soil, causing soil compaction and salinization, thereby reducing crop yields. The use of pesticides causes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic matter to settle in the soil, poisoning animals, plants and people.

Hazardous substances such as soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and radioactive dust in the atmosphere will settle into the soil naturally or with rain and snow. Cadmium, lead and other harmful substances in the exhaust gases emitted by smelters and automobiles will also be adsorbed by the soil, causing pollution. The soil around factories and along roads is therefore most susceptible to contamination.

Heavy metal pollution causes the greatest harm among soil pollution. Chromium, manganese, nickel, etc. can also cause cancer in different parts of the human body.

High levels of metals in the soil can also harm plants. According to experiments, when the copper content per kilogram of soil is 20 mg, wheat will wither, and when it reaches 250 mg, rice will also wither. If the zinc content exceeds 50 mg per kilogram of soil, it will affect the growth of crops.

Once soil is contaminated, its effects are difficult to eliminate. Organic pesticides decompose very slowly, and heavy metals do not decompose at all. Even if the polluted land is no longer polluted, it will still contain high levels of harmful substances within three to five years, and can accumulate through the food chain and harm humans. Therefore, plants on severely contaminated land are not only inedible, but also cannot be used as feed or fertilizer.

White pollution is disposable plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade. For example, disposable foam fast food tableware and our commonly used plastic bags, etc. seriously pollute the environment. It is difficult to decompose when buried in the soil, which will lead to a decrease in soil capacity. If burned, it will cause air pollution. Therefore, it is now recommended not to use it or to use it sparingly. It is best to bring your own tools when purchasing this item to reduce its use.

1. The current situation of "white pollution" and its hazards

As a new type of material, plastic products It has the advantages of light weight, waterproof, durability, mature production technology and low cost. It is widely used around the world and is growing year by year. The growth rate of plastic packaging materials in the world market is higher than that of other packaging materials. The average annual growth rate of plastic packaging materials from 1990 to 1995 was 8.9.

my country is one of the top ten largest producers and consumers of plastic products in the world. In 1995, my country's plastic output was 5.19 million tons, and Japan imported nearly 6 million tons of plastic. The total national plastic consumption that year was about 11 million tons, of which 2.11 million tons were used for packaging. Most of the plastic used in packaging is discarded in the environment in the form of waste film, plastic bags and styrofoam tableware. These waste plastic packaging materials are scattered in urban areas, scenic tourist areas, water bodies, and on both sides of roads. They not only affect the landscape and cause "visual pollution", but also cause potential harm to the ecological environment because they are difficult to degrade.

According to the survey, 3% of Beijing’s domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with a total annual volume of approximately 140,000 tons; 77% of Shanghai’s domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with an annual total of approximately 190,000 tons. ton. Tianjin also produces more than 100,000 tons of waste plastic packaging every year. About 2.3 billion plastic bags, about 220 million disposable plastic tableware, and about 6.75 million square meters of waste agricultural film are discarded in the environment every year in Beijing. People jokingly call this "a vast expanse of whiteness on the outskirts of the city."

The main harm of "white pollution" is "visual pollution" and "potential harm":

1. "Visual pollution". Waste plastic packaging scattered in cities, tourist areas, water bodies and roadsides brings undesirable stimulation to people's vision, affects the overall beauty of cities and scenic spots, and damages the city appearance and landscape, thus causing "visual pollution".

2. "Potential harm". After waste plastic packaging enters the environment, it is difficult to degrade, causing long-term and deep-seated ecological and environmental problems. First, waste plastic packaging is mixed in the soil, affecting the absorption of nutrients and water by crops, which will lead to reduced crop yields; second, waste plastic packaging abandoned on land or in water bodies is swallowed by animals as food, causing animal death (in Such situations are common in zoos, pastoral areas and oceans); thirdly, waste plastic packaging mixed with domestic waste is difficult to process: landfill disposal will occupy land for a long time, and domestic waste mixed with plastic is not suitable for composting , the sorted waste plastic is also difficult to recycle because the quality cannot be guaranteed.

At present, people are mainly concerned about the problem of "visual pollution", and most people still lack awareness of the long-term and deep-seated "potential harm" of waste plastic packaging.

2. General practices in preventing and controlling “white pollution” at home and abroad

1. Relevant situations in preventing and controlling “white pollution” abroad

As early as 1985, the United States The average consumption of plastic packaging has reached 23.4 kilograms, Japan is 20.1 kilograms, and Europe is 15 kilograms. In the 1990s, the per capita consumption of plastic packaging in developed countries was greater (the per capita consumption of plastic packaging and other plastic products in my country in 1995 was 13.12 kilograms). From the perspective of consumption, it seems that "white pollution" in developed countries should be very serious, but in fact it is not. The reasons are: First, developed countries have implemented strict city appearance management for a long time. Few people litter waste plastic packaging, which basically eliminates "visual pollution". Second, developed countries have higher rates of harmless disposal of domestic waste. Take the United States as an example. Before the 1980s, the main way to dispose of waste plastics was landfill. Later, it was discovered that plastics did not degrade for a long time. After the 1990s, they turned to recycling.

A strict classification and recycling system has now been established. Most of the waste plastic packaging is recycled, and a small amount is converted into energy or otherwise harmlessly disposed of. Waste plastics are basically eliminated. Potential hazards of packaging.

The United States has formulated the "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act", which clearly stipulates technical research, system construction and operation, and development planning in solid waste management, resource recovery, and resource protection. Ten states including California, Maine, and New York have successively introduced recycling deposit systems for packaging supplies. Japan has included special provisions in laws such as the Renewable Resources Law, the Energy Conservation and Renewable Resources Support Law, and the Packaging Container Recycling Law to promote manufacturers to simplify packaging and clarify the respective rights and interests of manufacturers, sellers, and consumers. Recycling obligations. Germany clearly stipulates in the "Circular Economy Law" that whoever manufactures, sells, and consumes packaging items has the obligation to avoid generating, recycling, and disposing of waste. Germany's Packaging Regulations link the obligation to recycle, utilize, and dispose of waste packaging materials with the rights to produce, sell, and consume the commodity, and decompose the obligations of recycling, utilization, and disposal to the entire life cycle of the commodity and its packaging materials. Every detail link makes it highly operable and effective.

2. Methods for preventing and controlling "white pollution" in my country and analysis of their pros and cons

Currently, our country has begun to take measures to prevent and control "white pollution" from both administrative and technical aspects.

In terms of administration, the first is to strengthen management. For example, the problem of "white pollution" on both sides of the railway, which is of great concern to the society, has been significantly improved through strengthening control. Starting from the second half of 1994, the railway department began to divide and contract the railways along the line. Some passenger trains use bagged garbage, and passengers are prohibited from throwing garbage out of the window. The flight attendants do not sweep the garbage out of the train window directly as they did in the past. Instead, they unload the garbage bags at the station for centralized processing. At present, more and more trains use bagged garbage, and the phenomenon of randomly throwing garbage outside the train is becoming less and less. "White pollution" has been basically eliminated on both sides of the 29,000-kilometer line. Practice has proved that strengthening management is an effective means to prevent and control "white pollution".

Second, it is prohibited to use disposable plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade. Hangzhou is the first city in my country to ban the use of disposable foam fast food tableware. On September 15, 1995, Hangzhou City's City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Bureau, Industry and Commerce Bureau, and Health Bureau jointly issued the "Notice on Prohibiting the Use of Foam Plastic Fast Food Boxes", which was published in the "Hangzhou Daily" for three consecutive days. During the enforcement process, the management department discovered that some individual mobile vendors were still selling foam plastic tableware. Recently, the Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee passed the "Hangzhou City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Management Regulations". Article 35 of the "Regulations" stipulates that the sale and use of non-degradable disposable tableware made of foam plastics is prohibited. Violators may be fined 500 to 5,000 yuan. The Regulations will come into effect on September 15, 1997. Wuhan, Harbin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shantou and other cities have also promulgated relevant policies and regulations to prohibit the local use of disposable foam tableware. By taking the above measures, "white pollution" has been reduced to a certain extent and to a certain extent. hazards. However, judging from the practical results, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of "white pollution" by prohibiting it alone. The cities that have issued the above bans require paper products or degradable plastic products to replace the original refractory foam plastic products. But alternatives cannot compete with regular plastic products in price or quality. Therefore, under market economy conditions, it is very difficult to operate solely by administrative orders without considering the regulatory role of economic levers.

Third, mandatory recycling. Clean waste plastic packaging can be reused or reused in granulation, oil refining, paint making, building materials, etc. Recycling is in line with the general principles of "reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness" of solid waste treatment. Recycling can not only avoid "visual pollution", but also solve "potential hazards", relieve resource pressure, reduce the load of urban domestic waste disposal, save land, and achieve certain economic benefits. This is a good way to treat both the symptoms and the symptoms. But recycling should happen before used plastic packaging enters the trash. Re-sorting waste plastic packaging from garbage dumps is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but the utilization value of waste plastics is also very low. Because the sorted waste plastic products are too dirty and difficult to classify according to material, the quality cannot be guaranteed. On the basis of investigations and studies, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau determined the technical route of "recycling as the main component, substitution as the supplement, differentiated treatment, and comprehensive prevention and control". On June 1, 1997, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Notice on the Recycling of Discarded Disposable Plastic Lunch Boxes", requiring the production and distribution of disposable plastic tableware (including disposable plastic tableware) in Beijing. The unit or individual responsible for the recycling of discarded tableware (trays, bowls, cups, etc.) must also entrust other units to recycle them. The "Notice" also stipulates that the recycling rate must reach 30% in 1998, 50% in 1999, and 60% in 2000. After the "Notice" is released, production and distribution units and individuals immediately register with the local environmental protection department and propose their own recycling plans and specific guarantee measures. This is a breakthrough for Beijing to solve "white pollution". After achieving practical results, the types and proportions of waste plastic products that are compulsorily recycled will be gradually increased, and "white pollution" will eventually be eliminated. The Tianjin Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau completed the "Feasibility Study Report on the Tianjin "White Pollution" Prevention Project" and proposed a complete set of prevention and control plans to achieve the purpose of saving resources and eliminating pollution through recycling and reuse.

Currently, the "Recycling Plan", "Pilot Work Operation Chart" and "Pilot Work Progress Outline" are being formulated, and preparations are being made to establish the "Tianjin 'White Pollution' Prevention and Control Industry Association".

In terms of technology, one is to use paper instead of plastic. The main component of paper is natural plant cellulose, which is easily decomposed by microorganisms in the soil after being discarded. Therefore, it can solve the "potential hazards" mentioned above, but it will also bring new environmental problems: First, papermaking requires a large amount of wood; Our country's forest resources are not rich; secondly, the papermaking process will cause water pollution. In addition, paper products cannot yet compete with plastic products in terms of performance and cost. At present, my country also has the practice of producing disposable tableware using sugar cane stalks and straw as raw materials, but it is still in the experimental stage.

The second is to use degradable plastics. Adding a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photosensitizers, biodegradants, etc.) during the production process of plastic packaging products reduces the stability of the plastic packaging and makes it easier to degrade in the natural environment. . Currently, there are 19 units in Beijing that develop or produce degradable plastics. Tests have shown that most degradable plastics begin to become thinner, lose weight, lose strength, and gradually break into pieces after being exposed to the general environment for 3 months. If these fragments are buried in garbage or soil, the degradation effect is not obvious. There are four shortcomings in using degradable plastics: First, more food is consumed; second, the use of degradable plastic products still cannot completely eliminate "visual pollution"; third, due to technical reasons, the use of degradable plastic products cannot completely solve the environmental impact. "Potential hazards"; fourth, degradable plastics are difficult to recycle because they contain special additives.

3. Problems in my country’s Prevention and Control of “White Pollution”

The main problems in our country’s prevention and control of “white pollution” are:

1. There are no nationwide special regulations

The prevention and control of "white pollution" cannot rely solely on the consciousness of enterprises or individuals. There should be mandatory measures to restrict the behavior of citizens and workers in catering, transportation and other industries. For example, enterprises or individuals are required to recycle waste plastic packaging produced in their own production, operation, and consumption activities; and penalties are imposed for the behavior of randomly discarding and stacking waste plastic packaging. But so far, our country has not formulated national regulations in this regard.

2. Lack of relevant economic policies

To mobilize the enthusiasm of companies that recycle, process, and utilize waste plastic packaging, these companies need to be given preferential policies. The existing comprehensive utilization preferential policies are not enough to form a healthy market mechanism for the waste plastic packaging recycling industry. In order not to increase the burden on the government and reflect the "polluter pays" principle, those who generate waste should be required to recycle and recycle on their own. Enterprises or individuals who cannot recycle on their own must pay recycling processing fees to compensate recyclers. This approach is already common abroad. In our country, there is currently no such economic policy.

3. Management cannot keep up

The "white pollution" in cities, scenic tourist areas, traffic arteries, and water bodies is mainly caused by poor management. Catering, commerce, railways, and water transport departments do not take strict management measures for waste plastic packaging generated during business activities, allowing customers to throw it directly on the ground or in the water. Some staff even throw the collected waste out of the car window or into the water. in water. The supporting facilities in urban streets and tourist areas are not yet complete. The density of garbage bins in busy areas such as shopping malls, restaurants, and parks is too low, and there are no classified garbage bins. Although the city appearance and sanitation department has regulations prohibiting littering, there are few enforcement and inspection personnel, and it is common for people to fail to comply with the law and continue to prohibit it.

4. Management ideas are not unified.

Quite a few areas in our country have insufficient understanding of the dangers of "white pollution", and the prevention and control of "white pollution" has not yet been put on the agenda. Some places advocate replacing plastic with paper or using degradable plastic to solve "white pollution", while others advocate recycling to solve the problem, and management ideas are not unified.

5. People’s environmental awareness needs to be further improved

Although urban residents’ environmental awareness has improved compared with previous years and they have begun to pay attention to environmental issues, they have not yet implemented their own policies. In terms of action, waste is thrown away casually, and waste plastic packaging is dumped and piled indiscriminately. News media reports on "white pollution" mostly focus on technologies such as replacing plastic with paper and using degradable plastic, and lack guidance and education on residents' daily behaviors. The production and operation units and consumers of plastic packaging have no sense of responsibility. They have neither the internal motivation to fulfill their obligations nor the external pressure to recycle, utilize and dispose of waste plastic packaging.

IV. Countermeasures and Suggestions for Preventing and Controlling “White Pollution”

Summarize the practical experience of preventing and controlling “white pollution” at home and abroad, combined with the current status of “white pollution” and the existing problems in its management. To solve the problem, our country's prevention and control of "white pollution" should follow the principle of "taking publicity and education as the guide, strengthening management as the core, recycling as the main means, and using substitute products as supplementary measures."

To prevent and control "white pollution", we must first solve the problem of "visual pollution" and significantly improve the city appearance and landscape. This mainly relies on publicity and education to guide citizens to form good living habits; at the same time, management must be strengthened in accordance with the law to encourage enterprises and individuals to properly collect and process the waste plastic packaging they generate. To prevent and control "white pollution", it is more important to solve the long-term and deep-seated harm of waste plastic packaging to the ecological environment. This is mainly through the formulation and implementation of regulations and economic policies that are conducive to recycling, and the comprehensive recycling of waste plastic packaging; to prevent and control "white pollution", research and development of practical alternative (green) packaging supplies should also be strengthened. The following countermeasures and suggestions are now put forward to speed up the process of preventing and controlling "white pollution" in my country:

1. Strengthen publicity and education. The prevention and control of "white pollution" is a systematic project that requires the joint efforts of all departments and industries, and the active participation of the whole society and all citizens. We must vigorously carry out publicity and education to raise people's awareness of the hazards of "white pollution", raise the environmental awareness of the whole society, and educate people to develop good hygiene habits. While strictly abiding by environmental protection laws and regulations, we actively stop bad behaviors around us.

2. Unify ideological understanding and strengthen management. In accordance with the prevention and control principle of "taking publicity and education as the guide, strengthening management as the core, recycling as the main means, and using substitute products as supplementary measures", firstly, strengthen publicity on the harmfulness of "white pollution", guide and educate citizens to consciously Prevent and control "white pollution"; second, for industries that produce a large amount of waste plastic packaging (such as railways, water transportation, civil aviation, tourism, hotels, catering, retail, etc.), we must strengthen management to change the situation of unaccountable, disorderly stacking, and random The third is to take compulsory measures to gradually increase the recycling rate of waste plastic packaging, starting from the recycling of waste plastic packaging (such as disposable foam lunch boxes) produced in concentrated collections; the fourth is to strengthen the development and research of alternative packaging products, Efforts will be made to reduce the generation of waste plastic packaging, etc.

3. Formulate and promulgate relevant national regulations on the prevention and control of "white pollution" as soon as possible to clarify the obligations and legal responsibilities of producers, sellers and consumers in recycling waste plastic packaging. Specific control measures and guidance policies should be formulated for each link of the production, operation, and consumption of plastic packaging to control the amount of waste plastic packaging that is difficult to recycle, and encourage an increase in the recycling rate of waste plastic packaging.

4. Formulate appropriate economic policies and establish a sound operating mechanism to eliminate "white pollution" under market economy conditions. Use economic means to encourage and promote the "reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness" of waste plastic packaging, conserve and comprehensively utilize resources, prevent and control "white pollution", and protect the ecological environment.

I have a suggestion, but you have to invest some money first. Since people now use a lot of plastic in their daily transactions, especially plastic bags, we can promote the good habit of using cloth bags, so we can do this promotion and release the bags. .

There are various types of electronic waste, including computers, mobile phones, televisions, video recorders, tape recorders, photocopiers, fax machines, VCD machines, etc. If these products are not handled properly, they will become potentially dangerous waste. For example, mercury in electronic waste can cause brain poisoning damage, cadmium can cause kidney poisoning, and can cause allergies, asthma, bronchitis, DNA damage and other serious consequences.

Facing 20 to 30 days of mobile phone updates, 18 months of computer upgrades, and the endless emergence of LCD screens and rear-projection TVs, are you preparing or have you updated your consumer electronics? At this time, have you ever thought about what to do with the old products you have eliminated? Nowadays, more and more discarded electronic products have become garbage, unknowingly affecting our lives.

Although there are no clear technical standards to determine what e-waste is, generally speaking, electronic products that have been discarded or can no longer be used are e-waste. For example: scrapped TV sets, discarded old computers, old refrigerators, microwave ovens, discarded mobile phones, etc. When the amount of electronic waste increases, its harm becomes apparent.

There are many types of electronic waste with complex ingredients, including many highly toxic materials. The picture tubes of the television sets we watch every day contain explosive waste and large amounts of heavy metal elements. A 21-inch color TV that is about to be scrapped has about 1 kilogram of lead in its picture tube, most of which is contained in the glass material used to make the picture tube. Therefore, the TV that has been used for an extended period will not only have poor image quality but also increase power consumption. In addition to consumption, it is like a "killer hidden in the home", emitting substances that may cause harm to the human body at any time.

The harm of obsolete or scrapped computers is more serious than that of televisions. More than 700 chemical materials are needed to make a personal computer, more than half of which are harmful to the human body. When these chemical materials cannot be recycled reasonably, the pollution to the environment becomes even more severe.

In our country, due to economic development, a large part of the old electronic products that people have eliminated still have great use value in other areas. These old electrical appliances and computers that can still be used enter rural or economically underdeveloped areas through the used goods trading market, while most of the other unusable ones enter illegal dismantling workshops. But this is not the final destination of e-waste. After several simple processes such as crushing and grinding, waste computers, TVs and other electronic waste are dissolved in a strong acid solution. Precious metals such as copper, silver, tin and so on are extracted. Those "processed" waste materials are gone. Without utilization value, they are randomly discharged into nature, causing serious pollution of air, soil and underground water sources, and the damage to the environment is simply shocking.

Household appliances and electronic products that used to be brilliant in the past have now become e-waste. How to deal with these e-waste? Where is their better "home"? In foreign countries, corresponding e-waste recycling systems and laws have been established. Enterprises must bear the responsibility of recycling e-waste while producing products, and e-waste dismantling has formed a very professional division of labor. The recycling and reuse rate of e-waste in the United States reaches over 90%. Finland's e-waste processing plants can achieve complete environmental recycling without causing pollution to the environment. The practices of these developed countries are worthy of our consideration and reference.

The harm of garbage

The large amount of garbage produced by humans not only occupies land, blocks rivers and lakes, hinders sanitation, but also affects the landscape and harms crop growth and human health.

The serious harm caused by garbage is, first of all, the occupation of a large amount of land. For example, the United States has launched a "garbage war" between the north and the south to landfill garbage; in my country, the garbage between the Third Ring Road and the Fourth Ring Road alone covers an area of ??more than 7,000 acres.

The second is pollution of farmland. Garbage fertilizer causes soil to become slag, and slag soil loses 0.5-1 ton of water per acre per day compared with normal soil. There is a metallurgical plant in the Federal Republic of Germany. The plants produced in the nearby soil contain 80-200 times the lead of ordinary plants, and the annual lead content is 26-80 times.

The third is groundwater pollution. Industrial waste discharged from mines and steel plants contains many harmful substances, such as arsenic, mercury, lead, chromium, etc. These harmful substances will seep into the ground when exposed to the sun and rain. , thereby contaminating groundwater.

Fourth, it pollutes the atmosphere. Some organic substances in industrial waste can produce odor through biological decomposition at a certain temperature, thus polluting the atmosphere.

Fifth, it spreads diseases. Domestic garbage contains germs and parasites. If it is used directly as farm fertilizer, people may contract infectious diseases if they eat vegetables and fruits that have been fertilized with such fertilizer.

With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's lives, urban garbage has accumulated into mountains. Garbage disposal has become an urgent issue in the final improvement of the urban environment. This leads us to the issue of garbage recycling.