3 application lesson plans for high school biogenetic engineering in 2020

Born Tracy, the world's top potential master, said: "The power of the subconscious mind is 30,000 times greater than the conscious mind." Chasing the college entrance examination, we yearn for success, and we hope to stimulate our potential. We need to cast a tall, solid lighthouse in our hearts, and its name is faith. Next is the 2020 high school biogenetic engineering application lesson plan I compiled for you. I hope you like it!

2020 high school biogenetic engineering application lesson plan 1

Teaching objectives:

●Knowledge objectives?

1. Give examples of the application of genetic engineering and the fruitful results achieved. ?

2. Pay attention to the progress of genetic engineering. ?

3. Agree that the application of genetic engineering can promote productivity improvement.

　?●Competency objectives?

By guiding students to explore online, guide students to actively participate, and cultivate the ability to collect and process information, analyze and solve problems, and communicate and cooperate.

　?●Emotional goals?

Cultivate a good style of study that integrates theory with practice, and cultivate patriotism. ?2. Pay attention to science and society.

Teaching key points and difficulties:

Focus: Application of genetic engineering in agriculture and medical care;

Difficulty point: gene therapy

Lesson Preliminary study plan

Learning point 1. Plant genetic engineering has yielded fruitful results

Plant genetic engineering technology is mainly used to improve the ability of crops, as well as to improve crops and utilize plant production.

1. Insect-resistant transgenic plants

(1) Method: Isolate the plant from certain organisms and introduce it into crops to make it insect-resistant.

(2) Types of insecticidal genes: genes, inhibitor genes, inhibitor genes, lectin genes, etc.

(3) Results: Insect-resistant plants: cotton, corn, potato, tomato, etc.

(4) Significance: Reduce the use of , reduce production costs, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce damage to human health.

2. Disease-resistant transgenic plants

(1) Plant pathogenic microorganisms: , fungi and bacteria, etc.

(2) Types of disease resistance genes

① Antiviral genes: viral ____ _____ gene and viral replicase gene.

②Antifungal genes: ____ ___enzyme genes and antitoxin synthesis genes.

③Achievements: Transgenic tobacco resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and genetically modified wheat, bell peppers, tomatoes, etc. resistant to viruses.

3. Anti-reverse gene plants

(1) Anti-resistance genes: genes that regulate cell _____ ___, making crops resistant to salt-alkali and drought; fish antifreeze protein Genes make crops cold-tolerant; herbicide resistance genes make crops resistant to herbicides.

(2)Achievements: tobacco, soybeans, tomatoes, corn, etc.

4. Transgenic improvement of plant quality

(1) Excellent genes: essential ______ ______ protein coding genes, genes that control tomato fruit ripening and those related to plant anthocyanin metabolism Gene.

(2) Results: transgenic corn, transgenic delayed-ripening tomatoes and transgenic petunias.

Learning Point 2: Animal genetic engineering has broad prospects

1. Used to increase animal growth rate: Since the expression of foreign genes can make transgenic animals grow faster, this type of Genes are introduced into animals to increase their growth rate. Such as: genetically modified sheep and genetically modified carp.

2. Used to improve the quality of livestock products: For example, some people cannot completely digest the lactose in milk or will experience symptoms of allergies, diarrhea, nausea and other discomforts after eating it. Scientists will introduce genes into the genome of cows. The composition of the milk thus obtained is not affected, but the lactose content is greatly reduced.

3. Use genetically modified animals to produce drugs: The most exciting application of genetic engineering today is to turn animals into factories through genetically modified animals.

Scientists recombine medicinal genes with gene promoters and other regulatory components; introduce them into the mammalian body through other methods; send them into the mother's body and produce them; during the lactation period, the required drugs can be produced; This process is called or. At present, scientists have expressed important pharmaceutical proteins such as antithrombin, serum albumin, growth hormone and α-antitrypsin in mammary gland bioreactors of animals such as cattle and goats.

4. Using genetically modified animals as donors for organ transplants: At present, the human body is a worldwide problem. Replacing organs from other animals will lead to immune rejection. Now, scientists are trying to use genes Engineering methods are used to modify the organs of some animals. The method used is to introduce the organ donor genome to inhibit the expression, or try to remove it, and then combine it with technology to cultivate transgenic cloned organs without immune rejection.

Learning Point 3: The sudden emergence of genetically engineered drugs

1. Source: genetically modified _ __. (Fungi cell strains that use genetic engineering methods to express foreign genes with high efficiency are generally called "engineered bacteria.")

2020 High School Biogenetic Engineering Application Lesson Plan 2

1. Give examples of the application of genetic engineering and the fruitful results achieved.

2. Pay attention to the progress of genetic engineering.

3. Agree that the application of genetic engineering can promote productivity improvement.

2. Teaching focuses and difficulties

1. Teaching focus

The application of genetic engineering in agriculture and medical care.

2. Teaching difficulties

Gene therapy.

3. Teaching process

1. The relationship between genetically modified organisms and target genes

Where does the target gene of genetically modified organisms come from? The insect-resistant cotton Bt toxin protein gene Tobacco chitinase gene and antitoxin synthesis gene of Bacillus thuringiensis antifungal Rhizoctonia solani Genes that are resistant to salt-alkali and drought crops Genes that regulate cell osmotic pressure Cold-tolerant tomato antifreeze protein genes Fish herbicide resistance Gene enhancement of soybean herbicide resistance Sweet fruits, lactose-lowering sweetness gene of cows, intestinal lactase gene, engineered bacteria to produce insulin, human insulin gene, human discussion:

1. Use animal mammary glands as reactors to produce high-value proteins (such as textbooks What are the advantages of serum albumin, antithrombin, etc. listed in ) over factory production? (Advantages of breast bioreactor: ① high output; ② good quality; ③ low cost; ④ easy to extract.) < /p>

Introduction: Animal mammary gland bioreactor

In 1987, American scientist Gordon and others first produced a medical protein in mouse milk, tPA (tissue < /p>

Type plasminogen activator), demonstrating the possibility of using animal mammary glands to produce high value-added products. The method of using animal mammary glands to produce high-value products is called animal mammary gland reactors.

Why should animal mammary glands be used as reactors to produce high-value protein products? This is because animal mammary glands are highly differentiated specialized glands with a very strong ability to synthesize proteins, especially those that have undergone Through long-term genetic improvement, dairy animal breeds specialized in producing milk have even more amazing protein synthesis abilities. A high-quality cow can produce 10,000 kg of milk a year. Even a dairy goat can produce 2,000 kg of milk a year.

The animal mammary gland bioreactor can be summarized as having four major advantages: ① High yield, easy harvesting of the target product, which can be excreted out of the animal body with milk secretion; ② The quality of the target product is good. Animal mammary gland tissue not only has the ability to synthesize proteins according to the flow of genetic information, but also has a complete set of abilities to modify and process proteins, such as glycosylation, carboxylation, phosphorylation, and molecular assembly, which are not available in microbial and plant systems. This comprehensive protein post-processing capability; ③ low product cost; ④ extracting products from cows, the operation is relatively simple.

Precisely because of the above-mentioned advantages of using animal mammary gland bioreactors to produce high value-added products, the use of animal mammary gland bioreactors to produce medical proteins has become a venture capital industry and is favored by scientists, business and pharmaceutical circles. of great importance.

The current target pharmaceutical products are: ① Blood proteins. As shown in Table 1-2, these blood proteins have huge economic benefits. Among them, thrombin III produced by cows has passed the third phase of clinical trials and will be put on the market soon. ② The second generation of medical proteins mainly includes pharmaceutical proteins such as antibodies, calcitonin, human growth hormone, and insulin, nutritional proteins such as lactalbumin and lactoferrin, vaccines, and tissue repair products. ③ Produce "humanized milk", that is, replace cow milk protein genes with adult milk protein genes, turning the milk into a genetically engineered milk that looks like human milk.

The operation of animal mammary gland bioreactor is the same as that of transgenic animals, except that in order to form the target product in milk, it is necessary to use a promoter specifically expressed in mammary gland tissue, that is, in the protein coding of the target product In front of the box, a promoter specifically expressed in mammary gland tissue is added, and the expression vector is constructed and introduced into the fertilized egg through injection, and then sent into the maternal animal to develop into an individual animal. This transgenic animal will be produced in the milk required target product.

2. What is the operation process of using genetic engineering technology to realize animal mammary gland bioreactor?

Using genetic engineering technology to realize the operation process of animal mammary gland bioreactor and the operation of transgenic animals The process is the same.

The difference: In order to form the target product in milk, a promoter specifically expressed in breast tissue needs to be used. A promoter specifically expressed in breast tissue must be added before the gene sequence encoding the target protein. Constructed into expression vector.

The operation process can be roughly summarized as: obtaining the target gene (such as serum albumin gene) → constructing a gene expression vector (adding a promoter for specific expression in front of the serum albumin gene) → microinjection into the mammal for fertilization In the egg → form an embryo → send the embryo to the maternal animal → develop into a transgenic animal (the transferred gene can only be expressed in the female individual that is laid).

3. What is engineering bacteria?

Regarding the study of engineering bacteria, it can also be explained in conjunction with genetic engineering operating procedures, and the characteristics of microbial growth and metabolism can be explained. Advantages of producing drugs.

Supplement: What are the advantages of using microorganisms to produce drugs?

The so-called use of microorganisms to produce protein drugs refers to constructing an expression vector from a gene encoding a certain protein that people need Microorganisms are then introduced, and then microbial fermentation is used to produce protein drugs. Compared with traditional pharmaceuticals, it has the following advantages:

2020 High School Biogenetic Engineering Application Lesson Plan 3

Teaching Objectives

1. Give examples of genetic engineering Application and fruitful results achieved.

2. Pay attention to the progress of genetic engineering.

3. Agree that the application of genetic engineering can promote productivity improvement.

Key points and difficulties in teaching

1. Key points in teaching

Application of genetic engineering in agriculture and medical care.

2. Teaching difficulties

Gene therapy.

Teaching tools

Multimedia

Teaching process

(1) We introduced genetic engineering in the last class, let’s review what it is first Is it genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is to extract genes from organisms in vitro for manipulation and processing in accordance with human requirements, and then introduce them into a new organism to change its genetic structure and produce The new varieties we need.

We can call this kind of organism a genetically modified organism. The world's first genetically modified plant was tobacco with antibiotics that was successfully cultivated in 1983. So what was the first genetically modified animal?

Teacher: "Transgenic mouse with slide"

If you are familiar with these two little mice, please take a look at the cover of the textbook.

This is the world’s first genetically modified animal.

It was born in 1982! American scientists transferred a rat growth hormone gene into a mouse fertilized egg

and then successfully cultivated a transgenic mouse. , its growth rate is 50% faster than that of ordinary mice, and it is 1.8 times larger.

This gene has now been transferred to its next generation.

With the development of genetic technology, we say that genetically modified organisms are now everywhere and are widely used in industrial and agricultural production. Below, each study group will introduce to you the relevant information found

. The relevant pictures have been stored in the computer and I will control them. Which picture should be shown? Please

this The students in the group answered.

Teacher: (show slideshow)

Let’s take a look at the cow on the screen.

The cow you are seeing now is not an ordinary cow. It has two special features: one is that it was hard-won, and Finnish scientists only bred it through 1 to 3 experiments. The milk milked by this cow contains erythropoietin, which means it can help people produce red blood cells. This kind of medicine is relatively expensive in the world. So with this cow, just drinking its milk can treat certain diseases. Due to some diseases that lack red blood cells, this cow has become the most expensive cow in the world.

The first genetically engineered product on the market, the non-rotting tomato, is directly controlled by respiration during the ripening process of the fruit. Then we can divide it into two categories according to the development trend of respiration: one is the more deformed fruits; the other is the non-more deformed fruits. We know that the more deformed fruits will have obvious respiratory peaks during the ripening process. However, non-yue deformed fruits do not have such a peak, so a problem arises. The more deformed the fruit is as it matures because its respiration is often sudden and uncontrollable. Therefore, huge economic losses are often caused. The traditional technology is to pick the fruit before it is ripe through ethylene ripening, and then use ethylene to ripen it before selling. Although this has its benefits, it does not actually play a role in preserving freshness. So we need to find a better way to preserve fruit. Scientists discovered such a process through research.

S-adenosylserine (ACC synthase) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ethylene synthase) ethylene

What I wrote on the blackboard is a scientist We discovered the ethylene (ACC) synthesis process. From this process, we can see that ACL is the direct precursor of ethylene synthesis, and ACL is directly controlled by ACL synthase. Then we know that ACL synthase is through RNA in plants. The product formed by translation, then we can indirectly reduce the ethylene content by reducing the RNA content. Further research by scientists found that such a method is feasible. That is antisense RNA technology. Antisense RNA technology supplements RNA complementary to mRNA into cells, and then makes it form a double strand with the mRNA to achieve a very unstable structure. Therefore, it is easy to degrade. Through this method, scientists conducted experiments on tomatoes. In other words, we have found a more feasible and economical way to truly preserve fruits. Maybe in the near future there will be some genetically modified tomatoes on everyone's tables. We have reason to believe that transgenic technology will further develop in the future

The so-called transgenic technology is to transfer foreign genes into the genomes of animals and plants. Statistics from various organizations in 1997 showed that 98.25% of the experimental reports applying for environmental release were genetically modified plants, and about 80% of these genetically modified plants were resistant to diseases, pests, and herbicides. of crops. For example, since 1996, American researchers have been growing a genetically modified cotton that contains a gene extracted from bacteria that is lethal to cotton bollworms. Scientists are also currently creating corn and potatoes containing genes for natural pesticides. In China, with the support of the 863 project of the National Bioengineering Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Biotechnology Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully synthesized B2B based on plant-preferred codons and transferred it into cotton varieties suitable for my country's ecological conditions. It has developed genetically modified plants that are highly resistant to bollworm, becoming the second country in the world after the United States to have genetically modified insect-resistant cotton. It has now been approved by the Agricultural Biogene Engineering Safety Production Committee for commercial production. In 1998, 150,000 acres were trial planted in Anhui, Shaanxi, Hunan and other places, and it is estimated that it will reach about 5 million acres in 2000.

Because genetic engineering has great economic value in agriculture, governments of all countries attach great importance to it. Some genetic engineering companies in the United States pay special attention to the cultivation of genetically engineered crops.

In 1999, there were 2 million hectares of genetically engineered crops in the world, of which the United States accounted for approximately 20 million hectares. In the United States, 60% of processed foods in supermarkets contain genetically modified ingredients, but this does not seem to be the case in Europe. Take a look at this photo. Greenpeace hung a placard outside a factory that processes genetically modified food in Athens, Greece: Gene is Dangerous.

After-class summary

First, some genetically modified foods may be toxic. Some scientists believe that when genes are artificially extracted, when people achieve certain purposes, they also increase It contains trace amounts of toxins, and the accumulation of these trace toxins may also be harmful to the human body. Secondly, there is the issue of allergies. Some people are originally allergic to certain foods, but after eating genetically modified foods, they are also allergic to foods that they are not allergic to. The reason for allergies is that the proteins in the food have been transferred. For example, if scientists transfer corn genes into wheat, people who are allergic to corn will also be allergic after eating this wheat.

2020 High School Biogenetic Engineering Application Lesson Plans 3 related articles: