What were the different land policies during the Chinese Agrarian Revolutionary War and the Anti-Japanese War?

Period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937)

Land policy: crack down on local tyrants, divide fields, and abolish feudal exploitation and debt.

1. Meaning: Refers to the revolution that abolished feudal landlord land ownership and realized peasant land ownership in the new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China.

2. Background: The idea of ??armed separatism among workers and peasants was formed; Chiang Kai-shek launched an encirclement and suppression campaign, which was carried out by the Chinese Communist Party in the base area.

3. Reasons:

(1) Feudal land ownership hinders the development of productivity; The central task of the Communist Party of China;

(3) Only by carrying out agrarian revolution can we mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for revolution and production, consolidate and develop rural revolutionary base areas, and obtain the most basic conditions for defeating the enemy.

4. Region: Revolutionary Base Area

5. Agrarian Revolution Line:

(1) Content: Rely on poor peasants and laborers, unite with middle peasants, restrict rich peasants, protect small and medium-sized enterprises Industrialists and merchants should eliminate the landlord class and transform the feudal and semi-feudal land ownership system into peasant land ownership.

(2) Basis for formulation: the main domestic contradiction (class contradiction, that is, the contradiction between the Chinese people and the big landlords and big bourgeoisie).

6. Function (significance):

It enabled the poor peasants and laborers to stand up politically, receive land economically, and have their lives guaranteed; in order to defend the fruits of victory, farmers actively Participate in the army and war, develop production; mobilize all anti-feudal forces (such as poor peasants, farm laborers, middle peasants, rich peasants, small and medium-sized industrial and commercial people).

During the Anti-Japanese War (1931-1945)

Land policy: Landlords reduced rent and interest, farmers paid rent and interest

1. Background:

(1) The Kuomintang’s policy shifted from external to internal, from anti-Japanese to anti-Japanese; in early 1939, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang determined “dissolve Japanese, prevent Japanese, limit Japanese, The reactionary policy of "anti-Japanese" set off an anti-Japanese upsurge;

(2) Japan conducted a "big sweep" of the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines and implemented the "Three Guangs" policy.

2. Essence: Recognize the ownership of land property by landlords, and at the same time guarantee the tenant rights of farmers, that is, restrict feudal exploitation.

3. Basis for formulation:

(1) Changes in the principal contradiction in society, that is, from the class contradiction between the Chinese people and the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie to the national contradiction between China and Japan;< /p>

(2) The domestic situation has undergone major changes: the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have gone from civil war to peace, from division and confrontation to cooperation in the fight against Japan.

4. Function (significance):

(1) It is helpful to reduce the burden of farmers, improve their material life, and increase their enthusiasm for resisting Japan and producing;

< p> (2) It is conducive to uniting the landlord class to resist Japan and consolidating the anti-Japanese national united front.

5. Compared with the land policy in the rural revolutionary base areas in 1931, the biggest difference is the treatment of landlord land ownership.

Extended information

Land policy refers to the guidelines for action stipulated by the state in the development, utilization, governance, protection and management of land resources based on political and economic tasks within a certain period of time. It is an important means of adjustment to deal with various contradictions in land relations.

Generally, it includes land rights policy, land financial policy and land tax policy.

Principles for land policy formulation:

1. Clear goals: Land policy points out the direction and provides a basis for the land management process. Its goals must not only correspond to the goals of land management, but also Specific and clear;

2. The principle of collecting information comprehensively and accurately;

3. The principle of feasibility;

4. The principle of selecting the best among multiple options;

5. Systematic principle;

6. Public interest principle.

Usually, the order of selection of the three major benefits in land policy is ecological benefit, social benefit, and finally economic benefit, which means ensuring the sustainable use of land resources and protecting the human ecological environment, especially Adhering to the principle of giving priority to public interests is the most important thing.

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