How to do a good job in the safety management of oil depots (stations) and what measures have been taken?

(A) oil depot fire prevention measures

1. Fire safety should be considered when selecting the warehouse site.

① The location of oil depot should try to avoid military strategic targets such as large and medium-sized cities, large reservoirs, important transportation hubs, airports, power stations and key industrial and mining enterprises, so as to avoid mutual influence and increase various unsafe factors. (2) The oil depot should be located in a place with convenient transportation, so as to facilitate the arrival of fire engines as much as possible. Railway oil depots should be close to places with conditions, and water oil depots should be close to places where buildings with conditions can load and unload oil products. (3) The storage site of the oil depot should be located in a relatively flat place, and the natural terrain of the storage site should have obvious slope, and the slope of the natural terrain should not be less than five thousandths, so as to facilitate the drainage of the oil depot and the self-flow operation of oil products. If the reservoir is built in hilly area, it is recommended to choose a place with low terrain and will not be submerged. (4) When there is an open fire around the oil depot, the location of the oil depot should be selected in the crosswind direction of the perennial dominant wind direction. When the crosswind direction is difficult to locate, the choice should be made according to whether there is the possibility of open fire in Fei Huo. If there is no possibility of fire in Fei Huo, you can choose the downwind direction of the fire; If there is a possibility of fire in Fei Huo, you should choose the upwind direction of the fire, and there should be enough safe distance (generally not less than 30m). ⑤ When the oil depot is located on the shore, it should keep a corresponding safe distance from residential areas, docks and bridges. , and should be located in the downstream area of the river, in order to avoid oil flowing downstream in case of fire. ⑥ Seismic facilities should be considered when building oil depots in earthquake areas. 1- 1 oil depot should not be built in the earthquake area where the earthquake crack is greater than or equal to 9 degrees. ⑦ The storage location should be in a place with good geological conditions. It is not suitable to be built in areas with landslides, faults, landslides, swamps, quicksand and mudslides, and it is not suitable to be built in three-level collapsible macroporous land areas. Safe distance between oil depot and surrounding enterprises, residential areas, traffic lines, etc. Should comply with the relevant provisions of the state. 2. Fire prevention requirements for oil depot layout

(1) The railway receiving and dispatching area should be located at the edge of the oil depot as far as possible to avoid intersecting with the roads in the depot and the population of the oil depot. The distance from the center line of the oil loading and unloading operation line to the roads in the warehouse (except fire roads) should not be less than 10 meter, and should be arranged in the upwind direction of the auxiliary operation area. In order to prevent static electricity and external stray current from being introduced into the warehouse to cause fire, the operation line should be insulated from the external railway. The fishplate at the railway joint can be clamped with a set of insulation materials such as asbestos pad, and rail grounding measures are taken, and one grounding is set every 100 meters. Fire roads should be set on both sides of the long side of the railway receiving and dispatching area, which should be connected with the roads in the warehouse into a ring. When it is difficult to set up a circular road, the terminal fire lane can be used, but there should be a return parking lot of 15m x 15m. (2) The fire prevention distance between the oil loading dock and other buildings (structures) in the oil depot shall meet the national standards. (3) Oil storage tank area. The layout of oil tanks in the tank farm must consider factors such as oil and gas diffusion, flame radiation heat, oil properties, oil tank types, fire fighting power and fire fighting conditions. ① The above-ground oil tank area of the oil depot should be arranged above the loading and unloading area according to the topographic conditions. The distance between the oil tank and other buildings in the oil depot shall conform to the national regulations. (2) The slope of the terrace in the oil tank area is not less than 0.0 1, and it faces the drainage gate or water-sealed well. There should be no cracks and pits in the rammed parts of auxiliary masonry. Cracks should be filled in, and settlement joints should be filled in with asbestos cement to prevent water seepage, oil leakage and oil and gas accumulation. (3) The oil tanks in the oil depot should be arranged in groups according to the following requirements: First, the oil tanks with the same or similar fire risk should be arranged on the same oil tank line. Second, the above-ground oil tanks should not be arranged in the same oil tank group with semi-underground and underground oil tanks. The third is the total capacity of the oil tanks in the oil tank group. When the single tank capacity of the fixed roof oil tank is less than or equal to 50,000 cubic meters, the total capacity should not be greater than 654.38+10,000 cubic meters; When the single tank capacity of floating roof oil tank or internal floating roof oil tank is less than or equal to 50,000 cubic meters, the total capacity should not be greater than 200,000 cubic meters. Floating roof tanks or internal floating roof tanks with a single tank capacity greater than 50,000 cubic meters should not be greater than 500,000 cubic meters. Fourthly, there should not be more than 65,438+02 oil tanks in a tank group, but the number of oil tanks in a tank group with a single tank capacity of less than 65,438+0,000 cubic meters and a tank group storing C-B oil products is not subject to this restriction. ④ The layout of the above-ground oil tank group shall meet the following requirements: First, there shall be no more than two rows of oil tanks in the above-ground oil tank group, and no more than four rows of oil tanks with a single tank capacity of 1 0,000 cubic meters for storing C and B oils. Second, the fire spacing between rows of vertical oil tanks should not be less than 5 meters; The fire spacing between rows of horizontal oil tanks should not be less than 3 meters. (4) Fire dike of oil depot. Fire dikes should be set up for the above-ground oil tanks and semi-underground oil tanks. The basic requirements of the fire dike are as follows: ① The fire dike should be made of incombustible materials; Increase 1.0- 1.6m (0.2m higher than the calculated height is appropriate); The width of the soil fire dike shall not be less than 0.5m. (2) The flat in the fire dike shall have a drainage gradient of 1-5%, and sewers with gates and water-sealed wells shall be set up. (3) For fixed roof oil tanks, the space volume formed in the fire dike should not be less than the capacity of the largest oil tank in the oil tank group; For floating roof oil tanks or internal floating roof oil tanks, it shall not be less than half of the storage capacity of the last largest oil tank on the embankment. When the fixed roof oil tank and the floating roof oil tank or the inner floating roof oil tank are arranged in the same oil tank group, the larger value specified in the above two cases should be taken. (4) In the oil tank group, when the total capacity is 20,000 cubic meters, and there are more than two oil tanks, the fire dike shall be provided with a dike top, which shall be 0.2-0.3m lower than the fire dike. Regardless of the capacity of the boiling oil crystal storage tank, two oil tanks should be equipped with a dike. (5) The fire dike shall not be excavated. (5) Oil injection chamber. The fire resistance rating of light oil-filled rooms should not be lower than Grade II, and the fire resistance rating of other oil-filled rooms should not be lower than Grade III. The oil injection room should be a non-combustible floor, and the ground should be inclined to the oil collection tank and oil collection well. The mutual distance between fuel injection columns should be more than 2 meters. For the refueling room that directly refuels the bucket above the car, a car parking platform with a height of 1. 1 meter should be set, and wiring should be connected before refueling. The width of the filling room should be about 3 meters, and the length should be determined according to the number of refueling columns. The spacing between refueling columns should not be less than the width of a car to ensure good ventilation in the filling room. Light oil products and heavy oil products should be set in separate refueling rooms. When located in the same building, they should be separated by a firewall. The metering oil tank for filling should be more than 2 meters away from the external wall without doors, windows and holes in the refueling room, and enclosed by a fire dike. The capacity of each metering tank shall not exceed 25m3, the total amount of a group of metering tanks shall not exceed 200m3, and the distance between metering tanks shall not be less than1m.. When the lubricating oil tank room and the lubricating oil barrel warehouse are set together, a fireproof partition wall should be set between them. The safe filling flow of gasoline, coal, diesel and other oil products should be controlled within 4.5m/s ... (6) Fire roads. Roads in the oil depot should be arranged as circular roads as far as possible. For the section where cars cross back and forth in the garage, the width of two lanes should be 6 meters, and for the section where there are fewer cars, the width of one lane should not be less than 3.5 meters, but the intersection lane should be set at an appropriate section. As far as possible, the fire-fighting road in the oil tank area adopts two lanes, and the shoulder width is less than 1 m; The roadside is not less than 3 meters away from the foot of the fire dike. Trees should not be planted on both sides of the fire road. ② Fire prevention facilities for oil tanks

1. Basic requirements for oil tanks. The fuel tank shall be made of steel and built on the basis of incombustible materials, and the insulation layer shall be incombustible materials. It is not allowed to install glass level gauge and sampling valve. 2. Vertical metal oil tank. All or part of the roof of the floating roof tank is welded by two layers of steel plates, and its periphery is pressed against the inner wall with oil-resistant rubber with spring to keep it closed. Electrostatic lead-out wires must be set between the inner floating roof and the storage tank, and sufficient exhaust holes should be set on the tank wall and the upper part of the vault to form gas convection in the upper space of the floating roof. The general practice is to set a vent hole with a diameter of not less than 250 mm in the center of the arch section at the top of the tank, and open several vent holes at the top of the tank wall, and the circumferential spacing is not more than 10 m, which are evenly distributed. The total opening area of tank wall ventilation holes requires that the diameter of Haimi oil tank be above 0.06 square meters. 3. Horizontal metal oil tank. The support of horizontal oil tank shall be non-combustible, and no building (structure) shall be built under the support or used for other purposes. It is also forbidden to build houses on underground oil tanks. 4. Non-metallic oil tanks. Non-metallic oil tanks include reinforced concrete oil tanks, brick concrete plastering oil tanks, stone oil tanks and earth oil tanks, most of which are underground or semi-underground, and generally only heavy oil crystals are allowed to be stored. 5. Various accessories of the fuel tank shall be complete and reliable. Oil tanks are generally equipped with ladder platforms, manholes, oil measuring holes, light holes, oil inlets and oil outlets, safety valves, drainage pipes, oil expansion pipes and air inlet branch pipes, breathing valves, exhaust holes, flame arresters, heating (or cooling) devices, temperature and liquid level measuring devices, stirring devices and other accessories. The main material of the accessories should usually be the same as that of the fuel tank. (3) Fire prevention measures for oil transportation equipment

1. Oil pump

The oil pump for transporting light oil products should adopt centrifugal pump and explosion-proof motor. If it is a non-explosion-proof motor, the oil pump should be separated from the motor by a tight brick wall. 2. Oil pump room

The building of the pump house should all be made of refractory materials, and the ground should be plastered with concrete. Doors and windows are opened at both ends of the pump room, and the doors open outwards. The natural lighting area of the window should not be less than 1/6 of the area of the pump room, and the indoor ventilation is good. Ventilation and exhaust of underground and semi-underground light oil pump houses should not make the oil and gas concentration in the oil pump house exceed 1.58% (by volume). There shall be no stuffy roof and interlayer in the pump room; The building foundation cannot be connected with the pump foundation. Explosion-proof lighting should be used in the pump room. When the internal combustion engine is used as the power, the fuel tank for the internal combustion engine should be set on the incombustibility basis without doors and windows outside the pump room wall, and control valves should be installed at both ends of the oil lead pipe leading up from the ground to the internal combustion engine. When the oil pump conveying different oil products is installed in the pump room, the requirements of the pump room should meet the requirements of conveying the oil products with the lowest flash point. It is forbidden to install temporary unqualified equipment and lay temporary pipes in the pump room; Belt drive shall not be used. When the power distribution equipment, measuring instrument station and staff lounge with voltage below 10KV are arranged in the auxiliary building adjacent to the pump room, they must be separated from the pump room by a solid wall made of incombustible materials, and the partition wall is only allowed to pass through the cable (wire) protective sleeve related to the pump room; The holes in the wall bushing should be tightly filled with incombustible materials, and each hole should have a separate access door. The shortest distance between the doors and windows of the pump room and the doors and windows of the power distribution room should not be less than 6 meters. If limited by conditions, an automatic closing device should be set, and the window is a fixed window that cannot be opened. The ground of the power distribution room should be 0.6m higher than that of the pump room. For the pump room with vacuum system, the vacuum tank should be located outside the pump room. There should be facilities for introducing oil into the oil collecting well through water seal at the valve group of the pump house, and the oil collecting well should be covered and pumped out. The clear distance between pumps and between pumps and walls is generally1m. Pay attention to the inspection and maintenance of the oil pump system at ordinary times to ensure that the oil pump, valves and pipelines are watertight; The auxiliary instruments are complete and sensitive, and equipped with sufficient fire fighting equipment. 3. Oil pipeline

Oil pipelines are widely distributed in various operation areas of oil depots, and there are mainly three layout forms: underground laying, underground laying and pipeline laying. Fire protection requirements: (1) Do not lay oil pipes above or below buildings. When crossing the roads of railways and motor vehicles in the warehouse, the intersection angle should not be less than 60 degrees, and steel sleeves should be protected outside the pipe. The outer wall of the casing shall not be less than 0.8m, the road surface shall be more than 0.6m, and both ends of the casing shall cross the road at least 2m. The pipes in the casing shall be welded. (2) The above-ground oil pipe shall be erected on a cross frame made of incombustible materials, and its insulation layer shall be incombustible glass wool, asbestos mud and other materials. Keep a distance of not less than 3m from the walls of buildings (structures) with doors, windows and holes, and a distance of more than 1m from the walls of buildings (structures) without doors, windows and holes. When crossing the railway, the clearance height should be above 5.5 meters; When crossing the expressway, it should be more than 4.5 meters; When crossing the sidewalk, it should be more than 2.2 meters. (3) When the buried depth of underground oil pipeline is lower than the foundation depth of adjacent buildings (structures), it shall be implemented according to the provisions of the above-ground pipeline. The underground pipeline intersects with the cable, and the oil pipe should be no less than 1 m below the cable; When crossing the sewer, you should pass at the depth of 1.5m under the sewer. Various items are piled up above the ground where the underground pipeline passes. (4) Multiple pipes shall be laid in parallel, and the spacing shall not be less than 10 cm. The steam pipeline is not allowed to be laid in parallel with the pipeline conveying light oil products. Oil pipelines laid on the ground and in open ditches should be equipped with compensators, which expand with heat and contract with cold as needed. (5) The tubing shall be subjected to pressure test regularly (once a year or twice a year), and the test pressure shall be 1.5 times the working pressure. (four) there are perfect anti-static and lightning protection facilities.

1. Antistatic

The tank, pipeline and oil loading and unloading facilities of the oil depot shall be grounded with anti-static electricity, and the grounding resistance value shall not be greater than 100 ohm. In order to reduce the generation of static electricity, some measures can be taken, such as controlling the flow rate of oil crystals and leaving enough time for oil to eliminate static electricity when adding anti-static filtration. 2. Lightning protection law

In order to ensure the safety of the oil tank, the oil tank needs to be equipped with lightning protection devices. At present, the common lightning protection devices are lightning rod, lightning net, lightning belt and lightning wire. (5) Safe oil storage capacity of oil storage tanks

Strictly controlling the capacity of oil tank is very important for fire fighting and fire prevention. The safe oil storage height and safe capacity of oil tanks are determined and calculated according to relevant regulations. The number of oil crystals filled in oil drums should be determined according to the seasonal climate, and the filling coefficient of oil drums should be kept at 93-95%. (6) Fire prevention requirements for oil tank cleaning and oil depot maintenance.

1. Oil tank cleaning

Leakage or other damage of the fuel tank requires emptying inspection or hot work maintenance. The general procedure is to clean the empty oil tank, remove the oil and gas in the tank, and then carry out maintenance and construction. There are great risks of fire and explosion in the process of tank washing, exhaust and construction, so it is necessary to strictly regulate the operation and take strict fire prevention measures. (1) General requirements for cleaning. Before cleaning, a leading group composed of leaders, technicians and security guards should be set up. It is necessary to delimit the scope of the dangerous area, stop the operation of the adjacent storage tanks in the dangerous area, set up a warning area, equip with necessary fire-fighting equipment, and designate a special person for on-site monitoring or be supervised by firefighters. In order to improve the safety of cleaning oil tanks, transitional measures can be taken to replace the oil reservoir. (2) When cleaning the oil tank, the oil pipeline cannot be used instead of the water inlet pipe to clean the oil tank; Do not spray water or inject water from the top of the oil tank, and do not use high-pressure water gun or steam jet to flush the oil tank wall. The oily sewage after washing is discharged into a special sewer, and the bottom liquid must be pumped up. Pumping equipment must be explosion-proof and anti-static. Operators should wear clothes and shoes that will not generate static electricity. Oil collection operations should be stopped in cave warehouses or hidden warehouses covered with grapes. After plate replacement or other welding operations are carried out in the tank, the water pressure test shall be carried out according to the regulations, and it can be sealed and delivered only after it is qualified. 2. Oil depot maintenance

(1) General requirements for hot work in maintenance. On-site inspection should be conducted before hot work, and feasible construction and fire extinguishing schemes should be formulated. Before construction, all weeds, sludge and other combustible materials around the hot work site should be removed, and necessary safety inspection equipment and fire fighting equipment should be equipped. Fire fighting equipment and fire extinguishing devices in the oil tank area should be reliable, and skilled technicians should be appointed to operate them during construction, and full-time (part-time) firefighters or fire brigades should be appointed for on-site monitoring, just in case. (2) Thermal maintenance of the fuel tank. Remove all oil products in the maintenance tank, wash the dirt on the tank wall with a fire water gun at the manhole of the tank, and pump out the accumulated oil in the tank. Cleaned dirty oil and rust should be buried in a safe underground outside the oil tank. The deposited dirt of sulfur-containing oil products must be buried in the warehouse in time in wet state. Before hot work, analyze whether there is explosion danger through gas samples, or use explosion detectors to detect oil and gas at various orifices such as measuring holes and lighting holes, as well as tank bottoms and dead corners where oil and gas are easy to accumulate, such as risers and central columns. Special attention should be paid to the poor welding seal at the bottom of the oil tank, which may store oil at the lower part. It is best to use more than two explosion detectors at the same time for measurement, so as to check the data and prevent the illusion caused by the failure of explosion detectors. (3) Thermal maintenance of oil pipeline. Before hot work, the oil pipeline should be removed after removing the accumulated oil in the pipeline, thoroughly cleaned with water, and the nozzle should be opened for ventilation, and moved to the designated place for hot work. For the unconditionally disassembled oil tank pipeline, after removing the oil from the pipeline, corresponding safety and fire prevention measures should be taken to weld the pipeline according to the danger degree of the oil transported in the pipeline. The light oil port in the oil tank within 20 meters from the pipeline welding should be moved to another oil tank and filled with water. After repair, both ends of the pipe section should be separated and kept open. The ends of unrepaired pipe sections shall be closed with blind plates. If steam is used to flush the pipeline, vacuum must be prevented when the pipeline is cooled, and oil or gas will flow out of the unopened pipeline, which will cause fire danger when hot work is carried out. (7) Improve fire control facilities.

1. The oil depot should comprehensively consider the fire-fighting facilities according to the form of oil tank, the fire risk of oil products, the grade of oil products and the fire-fighting cooperation conditions with neighboring units. Fire fighting facilities in oil depots generally include fire water supply and air foam fire extinguishing system. Fire water supply includes fire water supply pipes, fire hydrants, fire pumping stations, fire pools and other facilities. Air foam fire extinguishing system includes fire foam pump house, foam liquid tank, foam supply pipeline, foam generator and other facilities. The design and installation of fire fighting facilities shall meet the requirements of relevant codes. 2. All kinds of places in the oil depot should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment according to the needs of fire fighting, and their types and quantities can be comprehensively considered according to the nature, danger, area and other factors of the place. 3. Fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting equipment should be maintained regularly, and the dressing change should be tested regularly to keep them in good condition. 4. The oil depot must make a fire-fighting plan according to the actual situation, and prepare charts and instructions as the main content of fire-fighting training. After the fire fighting plan is formulated, it should be reported to the superior and the public security.