Lingnan Culture·The Current Situation and Prospects of Lingnan Culture·Special Zone Culture in Exploration

Lingnan culture·Current situation and prospects of Lingnan culture·Special zone culture under exploration

(1) Special zone and special zone culture

The current Lingnan Special Economic Zone has It includes the special economic zones of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou established in the early 1980s, as well as the Hainan Special Economic Zone Province, which was carved out from Guangdong Province in 1988. Let’s look at the role and significance of the first two special economic zones, Shenzhen and Zhuhai, which were originally established as a testing ground for the reform of my country’s economic system and political system and as a “window” with multiple levels and functions internally and externally in the process of reform and opening up. . In actual operation, the special zone is named "economic", which is naturally to adapt to the general decision of putting the economy first in the reform and opening up. Therefore, the main task of special economic zones is to develop an export-oriented economy and become a frontier for attracting foreign investment, modern technology, and modern business and management knowledge and experience. The central point of the "specialness" of a special economic zone is to transform a small piece of land that is in an extremely advantageous position to communicate with the world. Through a series of economic, political and other institutional reforms, it can transform from a traditional management model to a unique one that operates in accordance with international practices. social system. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Guangdong achieved unprecedented success through the practice and verification of the three special economic zones of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. A dynamic economic policy and corresponding flexible political system reform not only turned the originally backward and poor agricultural county into a modern "overnight city", but its benefits and experience were quickly extended to the Pearl River Delta and extended to the Pearl River Delta. Spread in the hinterland. Now across the province, Shenzhen and Zhuhai are used as reference to accelerate economic development; some of these effective and successful experiences have been adopted by many coastal open cities across the country and have a chain effect in the corresponding regions.

So, will special zone culture be produced in special economic zones? The answer is yes. A simple but thought-provoking example is: the word "Zhen" in Shenzhen was still unfamiliar to most people a few years ago, and many people misunderstood it as "Chuan", but now it has become a household name. common words. However, the time-honored brand "Fu Ling Mustard", which has been around for many years, is still often misunderstood as "Peling Mustard". The secret is that the spread of culture is often achieved through economic means.

The modern commodity economy is an important achievement of human civilization formed by a high degree of cultural cohesion, and is therefore also an expression of high-level culture. The modern commodity economy not only requires strength and experience, but also requires the combined effect of many factors such as higher intelligence and cultural quality. In the modern commodity economy, the "market" is certainly an active mechanism, but "culture", that is, people's cultural character and cultural quality, is also an indispensable and active mechanism. "Market" and "culture" complement each other, and both promote and restrict the ups and downs of the economy. It can be said that without advanced culture, there would be no developed modern commodity economy. The economy of the special zone is rapidly transforming from a single planned economy to a diversified modern market economy, which requires a special zone culture that adapts to the economic development of the special zone. Building and developing special zone culture is a new historical task for the current Lingnan cultural construction. Studying the phenomenon, current situation, characteristics, and development direction of special zone culture has become a new and complex topic for cultural workers in Lingnan and even across the country, but it also has far-reaching strategic significance.

(2) Looking at the formation and characteristics of special zone culture from Shenzhen

Before the establishment of the special zone in Hainan Province, the Shenzhen Special Zone was one of the four special zones in the country (except for the three in Guangdong, and the There is the sub-provincial city special economic zone with the largest area, greatest achievements and greatest influence among the Xiamen Special Economic Zone in Fujian Province. Therefore, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone culture can be regarded as the representative of special zone culture. Since 1986, Shenzhen has set off an enthusiastic cultural wave, and the heat is constantly rising, and the impact of the wave is also increasing. This is not an accident, but happened at the right time. Although this cultural craze has many similarities with the cultural craze across the country in recent years, it has a distinct SAR style; even compared with Guangdong culture, there are many differences.

With the approval of the central government, it was established in Bao'an County, which borders Hong Kong (the present Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories, before the Opium War, all belonged to Xin'an County, Guangdong Province, and were changed to Bao'an County after the Revolution of 1911) The special economic zone was established in May 1980, only fourteen months after Baoan County was established as a city in March 1979.

As a special economic zone, it is a narrow strip connected to the New Territories of Hong Kong and the mountains and sea of ??Kowloon, with a total area of ??327.5 square kilometers. It was the largest in area and scale among the three special zones in Guangdong at that time. However, both natural resources and human resources were extremely Poor. In terms of cultural type, it is basically a traditional agricultural culture with a focus on fishing and natural economy; the city's population of 2020 square kilometers is only more than 200,000, and most of them are old, weak, women and children, about 60 to 70% Young adults are all in Hong Kong and overseas; the SAR population is only 23,000. In terms of population structure, 90% are farmers and fishermen, and their cultural quality is low. From a spiritual and cultural perspective, cultural facilities are backward. It turns out that Bao'an County's cultural system only has three staff members with college education; in Shenzhen, the original Bao'an County seat within the special zone, there is only one cinema built in the 1940s and one theater built in the early 1960s, each about one The 100-square-meter Xinhua Bookstore is a library with not many books. It can be said to be a cultural desert. The special zone culture originated and developed in such a cultural desert. The key to its formation lies in the rise of special economic zones.

The biggest feature of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which was established on a piece of farmland, beaches, barren hills and hills, is that it is both an emerging city built at a high speed and an "immigration city." At present, Shenzhen's population (including non-residents) has reached 3.5 million, a tenfold increase from the 300,000 in the early days of the city's founding! Ninety percent of the population comes from all over the country. These millions of new immigrants have rapidly changed the demographic structure and cultural quality of Shenzhen. Among them are many young people, scholars, and experts who are full of pioneering spirit, highly educated, and energetic. They have injected fresh, high-quality nutrients into Shenzhen, a land of poor culture.

The Shenzhen Special Administrative Region has a dense concentration of foreign-funded enterprises and three-to-one-supply enterprises, attracting millions of young workers from rural areas in the mainland. Although these workers are not long-term residents or formal residents of Shenzhen, are highly mobile, have low education levels, and have low cultural quality, they still account for a high proportion of about two-thirds of the total population. This group of workers lived together with the official residents of Shenzhen and made important contributions to Shenzhen's economic construction; they brought rich and colorful regional folk culture from all over the country; they were young and energetic, and dared to break away from the Chinese peasants The traditional concept of "restoring one's home and relocating", with a dim light of idealism, traveled to Shenzhen alone, and added a vibrant cultural connotation of pioneering, pragmatism, hardship and simplicity to the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone; they not only created The current situation of great disparity in levels of cultural structure and prominent cultural fault lines in Shenzhen has provided a vast market and a solid foundation for the development of popular culture in Shenzhen.

As a modern city, Shenzhen is undoubtedly young, which is conducive to shaping a new cultural image of modern cities. The age structure of Shenzhen people is also young. Currently, the average age of people in Shenzhen is only 26 years old, making it the youngest city in the country. As a result, Shenzhen people are full of youthful vitality. They are less bound by old ideas and have the psychological burden of foresight, fear and rigidity; they are more pioneering, enterprising, innovative and competitive.

A young city, young immigrants, and young careers are the cultural soil of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

Shenzhen's geographical location and transportation conditions are extremely advantageous. It borders Hong Kong, is only one hour away from Macau by sea, and is backed by Guangzhou, the largest world-famous city in South China. The Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway can directly connect to Hong Kong and Kowloon; Shekou Port's flying ships can reach Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai Special Administrative Region in just one hour; the freight terminal and container terminal can connect to large cargo ships from major ports in the world. Since the establishment of the special zone, there has been an endless flow of people from overseas, Hong Kong and all over the country entering Shenzhen for various reasons every day. Foreign culture spreads smoothly in this emerging city through the media and various channels, allowing Western culture, Hong Kong culture, mainland culture, and local culture to converge, collide, merge with each other, wax and wane, and thus give birth to a unique new culture. quality culture. As a special "window", Shenzhen can spread Chinese traditional culture to the overseas world quickly and smoothly; it also has the ability to accelerate the process of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, so that the new culture that has sprouted in the special zone can be fully developed. Absorb the advantages of Chinese and foreign cultures.

Shenzhen’s current economic model is a diversified market economy. Foreign-funded enterprises, enterprises from all over the country, private enterprises and other types of economic sectors can find their own foothold and development opportunities in this unique new city of Shenzhen.

In line with this, the special zone culture also has a diverse pattern and characteristics in which both spiritual products and cultural consciousness have a high degree of commercialization. Generally speaking, it is a new type of culture that is mainly popular culture and has high-level culture.

Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is a "transitional society" transitioning from rural to urban, from farmers to urban citizens, and from traditional management models to international standardized and modern management models. On July 1, 1997, the Shenzhen Special Administrative Region, together with all provinces and cities across the country, ushered in the return of Hong Kong. It began to face the new scene of "one country, two systems". It plays the role of a "cultural bridge" in communicating between Hong Kong and the mainland, and through Hong Kong and then between the mainland and Taiwan compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

The competition and development mechanism of the market economy and the entrepreneurial spirit of emerging cities have shaped the new cultural concepts of Shenzhen people. From the perspective of cultural mentality, Shenzhen people have both the pioneering and innovative spirit of "pioneer cattle" and the commodity economy consciousness of "gold diggers". The slogan "Time is money, efficiency is life" embodies the subjective spirit of pioneering and innovation and the vibrant concept of commodity efficiency, both of which form the main theme of the SAR culture.

In the 1990s, the culture of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has taken initial shape. With its uniqueness that is different from our country’s traditional culture, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Western culture, it has shown its own existence value and significance, and also reflected The high-spirited vitality of a new quality culture. The continuous flow of living water from the source ensures the fresh and healthy development of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone culture. Although Shenzhen has borne the brunt of the strong impact of Western culture, it has not been completely "Westernized" as a result. Traditional Chinese culture is being transformed and updated in new forms, new content, and new concepts in all aspects of life. It is dyed with strong Western colors, but at its core it is the inheritance and development of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

Although most Shenzhen people’s homes have almost all foreign furnishings, they still adhere to the traditional Chinese lifestyle. People will never give up the custom of ancestor worship and sweeping tombs during the Qingming Festival; nor will they forget the ritual traditions and festive ways of traditional festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Spring Festival. In terms of marriage and family life, although people also adopt Western-style weddings, they insist on following traditional marriage customs; large families with multiple generations living together are rare, but small family life is still maintained by traditional concepts. In the West, The concept of sexual liberation and material and spiritual temptations remain unbreakable. Although Shenzhen people are happy to taste the aroma of coffee and appreciate the various flavors of foreign food, they still prefer the homely and delicious food in their hometown; they also attach more importance to the warm and fun atmosphere of the whole family gathering at the family dining table. Although Shenzhen has rapidly developed into a world-famous food city in the past ten years, the streets are still dominated by traditional Chinese restaurants. There are Cantonese, Chaozhou, Sichuan and Wu cuisine restaurants of different genealogy, Beijing and Tianjin flavors, Shanghai flavors, Hunan and Hubei flavors, northwest flavors, northeastern flavors... everything is available, making it a veritable national traditional food city. In terms of entertainment culture, the "Caile de Coral" open-air concert, which is comparable to the imported luxuriously decorated Western-style dance halls, has become a "karaoke" with Shenzhen characteristics for its creativity of self-entertainment and appreciation of both elegance and vulgarity. Since the mid-1980s, it has continued to flourish. No one cares about the Disney-style "parks" in tourist attractions in the West, but a group of traditional Chinese culture theme parks represented by "Splendid China" and "Chinese Folk Culture Village" attract huge crowds of tourists and are famous both at home and abroad.

These phenomena not only reflect the deep foundation of traditional culture in the culture of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, but also reflect the good identification and selection of immigrants from all over the country. The high wisdom of professional and technical immigrants, as well as the hard-working and sincere spirit of traditional Chinese cultural genes endowed by "migrant workers", under the simultaneous influence of openness and tradition, Chinese traditional culture has a strong impact on modern Western ideological trends. It is still preserved and circulated. An obvious and valuable manifestation of the "specialness" of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone culture is that it can continuously transform and update amidst the collision and conflict of multiple cultures. This not only proves the strong vitality and cohesion of Chinese traditional culture, but also reflects the outward-looking compatibility. Sexuality, openness and active vitality. To sum up, the culture of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is a new socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that is diverse, open, and compatible, and is based on the modern market economy.

(3) Thoughts on negative effects

The construction of every cultural model is the crystallization of human social life, a long-term accumulation, convergence, collision, integration, inheritance, The result of sublation cannot be achieved overnight in a short period of time.

The "age" of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone culture is only seventeen years old. In the long years of establishing a modern new quality culture, it can be said that it is just a young seedling. It is undeniable and needless to say that certain negative effects may occur due to various subjective and objective reasons such as carelessness, deviation, and mistakes.

Wandering on the streets of Shenzhen, various uncivilized phenomena have damaged the image of the cultural newborn of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some ornately decorated shopping mall restaurants enshrine the idol of Guan Yu, the God of Wealth and Protector; ironically, the incense, candles and fruits enshrined are imitations made using modern technology. It corresponds to a saying often said by Cantonese people: "Deceive the gods and deceive the ghosts", but in fact, you are deceiving yourself. There are many fortune-telling stalls on the busy streets, and there are always a few "modern" fortune tellers around. In some temples at tourist spots, fashionably dressed boys and girls mix among old mothers-in-law, kneeling devoutly in front of meaningless idols and asking for fortune-telling to determine misfortunes or life events, or to seek fortune. It’s amazing how superstitious people are about numbers. In order to buy "auspicious" numbers such as phone numbers, license plates, house numbers, etc., which are homophonic with the word "8" in "Fa", they spend a lot of money and go through the back door to buy them. Some relevant functional departments also calmly sell such numbers with "auspicious" numbers at high prices. Number. The word "4", which is homophonic with "death", is avoided like the god of death. The pornographic venues that emerged under the banner of "culture" once appeared openly in Shenzhen's nightlife; as for the secret pornographic venues, they have been repeatedly banned and have always been difficult to clear out. ... Various worrying phenomena cannot help but cause us to reflect deeply.

The tide of reform and opening up that takes the economy as a breakthrough will undoubtedly cause some cultural ruins. Among them are the bad habits and customs of old China that once disappeared, as well as the decadent garbage of Western culture. Shenzhen has transformed from a poor, backward and closed coastal county into a "modern overnight city". The positive effects and brilliance of "Shenzhen Speed" are often accompanied by the negative effects of darkness and rancidity. Although people in the Special Administrative Region are good at adapting to rapidly changing new things, the speed is too fast after all; and people's understanding of objective things must go through a process of contact, absorption, digestion and selection. In the face of everything new, whether it is good or bad, the essence or the dross, it is difficult to make judgments and choices in a short period of time. Even the *** functional departments, in the process of high-speed operation, are sometimes difficult to coordinate with the development of new social life. Especially for the transformation of the cultural field, it is more difficult to make effective decisions and guidance quickly and timely from a series of intricate relationships such as macro-control, overall cultural development design, formulation of cultural regulations, planning and management of the cultural market, etc. In addition, the leadership's guiding ideology and main energy are focused on rapid economic development. Although the overall emphasis is on "grasping both civilizations together," in actual operations, it is inevitable to emphasize material culture and neglect spiritual culture.

Entering the third year of the 1990s, Shenzhen's reform has entered a new era. The transformation from rural to urbanization has been realized within the scope of the special zone of 327.5 square kilometers; we are currently working hard to transform the traditional management model into governing the city by law and revitalizing the city through science and technology and education in the overall life and operation of society. The overall plan and specific measures to build an international cultural city in the first decade of the 21st century. Some projects have entered actual operation, such as the investment of resources and manpower in high-tech construction, the investment of resources and manpower in Daxing Education, the formulation and issuance of a series of relevant laws and regulations in strengthening the construction of the rule of law, and the practical actions of various effective measures in building a clean government. The overall planning and resource investment in high-end culture have begun to bear fruit. Looking forward to the 21st century, although the cultural development of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone still needs to go through infinite twists and turns, it has broad prospects and unlimited scenery.