In the 1980s, there was a "smuggling frenzy". After the Chen Yun report, how did Deng Xiaoping instruct?

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China has started the economic policy of reform and opening up, and at the same time liberalized its foreign trade policy. In the past, private smuggling was often accused of "speculation", but since then, the ports in China have opened the door to import and export trade.

The change of this policy has significantly improved the economic living standards of our people. However, some economic crimes have also risen.

In 1980s, the economic crime of smuggling at China port became more and more serious. On the one hand, this kind of smuggling crime has disturbed the whole market of our country, and at the same time, it has brought a lot of economic losses to the country's port tax revenue.

At this time, Chen Yun, second only to Comrade Deng Xiaoping among the second generation leaders in China, was ordered to report the serious problem of port smuggling to Deng Xiaoping, and was instructed by Deng Xiaoping to firmly seize this problem.

This means that this unhealthy trend that undermines national construction must be completely eliminated.

China is an Asian coastal country with many ports along its long and narrow coastline. In these ports, there are usually China customs agencies to control the country's import and export trade.

However, due to the liberalization of reform and opening-up in 1980s, there are some loopholes in the control of import and export ports in China. So smuggling became a very popular economic crime at that time.

Speaking of smuggling crimes, the southeast coastal area of China was the most rampant, and the glorious struggle against smuggling crimes in this area was also the longest.

From 1980 to 1984, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the party and state leaders opened the "three links" policy to the authorities of Taiwan Province Province.

On the one hand, the central government adjusted its Taiwan policy to stimulate China's economic growth, on the other hand, it reconciled the economic contradictions with neighboring countries, hoping to realize the four modernizations at an early date.

However, at this time, the private activities of smugglers in the southeast coastal areas are also rampant. At that time, there were as many as 3,400 vehicle smuggling activities in Changle County, Fujian Province, with more than 30,000 participants and a transaction amount of more than 2 million. In Wenzhou, Zhejiang, coastal fishing boats often form a piecemeal fund-raising smuggling situation, and even form a land smuggling market.

According to statistics, in the past four years, Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces have seized more than 302,000 smuggling cases, arrested more than 5,700 smuggling vessels from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, seized smuggled goods with a total value of more than 540 million yuan, and 1400 smugglers were convicted. After a severe crackdown, large-scale smuggling activities were finally stopped.

However, after 1985, smuggling actually appeared in organs, enterprises and institutions, and even some military and police units took part in it. On the one hand, they acted as umbrellas, on the other hand, they also sought personal gain for themselves.

Therefore, in 1986, this form of smuggling is called "official smuggling".

After 1987, with the further implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the commodity economy flourished, and some domestic criminal groups trying to exploit loopholes began to use smuggling channels to sell some items suspected of serious violations of the law, such as drugs and pornography. These people's crimes are more covert, more high-tech, and even more dangerous are some espionage activities.

The time of large-scale smuggling crimes in China mainly gathered in the early and middle 1980s. Because the national policy had just been opened to the outside world, and China's tariff policy and port supervision were not perfect at that time.

Moreover, at that time, the country had just started to engage in large-scale product manufacturing and raw material import, so from the production point of view, the production of raw materials and the smuggling of low-end goods were the highlights of smuggling crimes at that time. There is relatively little smuggling of production resources and high-end commodities.

At that time, in some big cities, they often acted as the middle and lower reaches of smuggled goods, while the upstream of smuggling crimes was often small and medium-sized coastal cities that were not rich enough.

At that time, China's tariff system was still in a very unbalanced state, and the import tariffs on many commodities such as cigarettes and small household appliances were very high, so the raw materials for the production of spare parts and electronic products were smuggled from abroad to China. In fact, this has also led to the long-standing crime of making and selling fake goods in the commodity market.

The investigation and interception of economic crime cases has never been a short-term effective thing. Because from the perspective of investigation and evidence collection, economic crimes must have very clear provisions in legal provisions, and at the same time, they also need loopholes that can be found in finance. Without these two aspects, personal evidence will often be easily overturned.

Therefore, at that time, if Comrade Chen Yun wanted to resolutely investigate and deal with smuggling according to law, on the one hand, he had to seek the cooperation of local governments, on the other hand, he had to adjust legal rectification measures.

The methods of criminals are also changing with each passing day. They are often led by highly educated people who are extremely proficient in China's tax laws and import and export trade. Leading the lowest end of the whole smuggling chain, such as the "smooth operators" who are familiar with China coastal shipping and customs anti-smuggling procedures.

It is usually the clerks in the lower reaches who are caught smuggling, and even if the real leaders are found, the evidence is often insufficient.

Therefore, in the early 1980s, some high-end luxury goods, such as brand-name household appliances, brand-name cigarettes, purses and leather products, were frequently smuggled in the southeast coastal areas of China. And if these goods enter the downstream of sales through formal channels, the price will be very high, which is not affordable for ordinary people.

But the people who can really consume these products are still a minority in China. For businessmen, businessmen without certain financial strength simply can't afford such a business.

On the other hand, smuggling goods saves some intermediate costs, and the original price of these goods obtained by businessmen is very low. Even with a price tag that is much lower than the regular channel sales price, their profits are several times or even ten times that of regular businessmen. So many people are desperate to smuggle a lot of goods.

Comrade Chen Yun's main method to curb this trend is to put pressure on local governments at all levels, control the circulation of commodities, and at the same time strengthen some laws and sentencing on economic crimes. Make ordinary smugglers afraid or unable to smuggle any more.

So in the early 1980s, low-end smuggling crimes were curbed.

Because the law and the rectification of the local government have curbed low-end smuggling, the profits from smuggling some low-priced consumer goods are very low. At the same time, with the acceleration of reform and opening up, the tariffs on these products have gradually decreased. At the same time, due to the reform of the economic system, the consumption power of many people in China is also increasing.

So in the mid-1980s, the main body of smuggled goods changed from low-end goods and raw materials to high-end goods and production resources. Moreover, the smugglers of this kind of goods have certain particularity.

Comrade Chen Yun concluded in his inspection of smuggling and rectification of the national port system that smuggling cases in the mid-1980s were often private companies run by some bureaucrats and their children in coastal areas.

These companies naturally have some upper-level resources, but they also have complex social relations. Therefore, to implement the last four words of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's reply, the most crucial thing is to grasp bureaucratic corruption and legal reform.

Therefore, in the mid-1980s, Chen Yun first proposed to reform the legal sentencing of economic crimes. At the same time, we will tighten the export policy of importing many high-end goods and production resources. Although this practice will affect the pace of national reform and opening up to a certain extent, it also stimulates the rise of state-owned enterprises and private small and medium-sized enterprises.

For example, in the field of household appliances, in the early 1980s, "Oriental Wind" once rose in China.

Toshiba, Sanyo, Panasonic and other brands occupy a large market share. However, in the middle and late 1980s, Haier, ZTE and other enterprises in China suddenly became the mainstay of market sales.

At the same time, in the cooperation with foreign brands, the concept of joint venture established in China in 1980s directly contributed to the current upsurge of international brand acquisition in China. This is not only Fukuzawa Yukichi's policy, but also Fukuzawa Yukichi's later policy.

On the issue of seizing smuggled resources, Comrade Chen Yun is more resolute and will never be soft. For example, in the mid-1980s, the total value of resource exports of these three countries was even less than half that of the late 1980s.

However, at that time, China's state-owned assets did not increase much. The reason is that the loss of state-owned resources is very serious in the land trade along the southeast coast and even in Southeast Asia.

For example, in the "9898 National Extraordinary Smuggling Case" in Zhanjiang, some corrupt bureaucrats in Zhanjiang colluded with smugglers, and the smuggling amount reached an astonishing 1 100 billion yuan. The smuggled goods seized in this case included1/260,000 tons of steel and1260,000 tons of refined oil.

When these smugglers and corrupt bureaucrats were caught, it was the early 1990s. This shows how far-sighted Comrade Deng Xiaoping's instructions are.

Combating economic crimes is often very difficult. On the one hand, economic crimes are more difficult to obtain evidence and inquire than other crimes. On the other hand, crimes such as smuggling and bootlegging are related to the coastal defense of China port and the division between inland sea and high sea. Many case-handling agencies will miss the opportunity to crack down on crime for some uncontrollable reasons.

The most serious problem in this respect is that this kind of economic crime often has the nature of serious organized crime, and even some corrupt cadres and officials act as umbrellas for criminals.

Until today, the problem of party style and clean government has been seriously corrected. Although it is inevitable that some people will dare to break the law, the state will still implement the historical correction methods of Comrade Deng Xiaoping and Comrade Chen Yun.

Really "resolutely and resolutely, hold on!" Give people a clean and safe economic environment.