How to store petroleum products?

Oil depot is a warehouse for storing, receiving, distributing and transferring petroleum products. According to the total capacity of oil depots, oil depots are usually divided into four grades, as shown in Table 8- 1. When selecting storage location and process design, the capacity of oil depot is the basis of adopting different technical standards and safety measures.

For the convenience of management, the oil depot area can be generally divided into oil storage area, oil loading and unloading area, auxiliary production area and administrative area.

1 oil depot is divided into total storage capacity of equal grade, m3 grade is more than 50,000, second grade is 1 10,000 ~ 50,000, third grade is 2500 ~ 1 10,000, and living facilities area is less than 2,500.

Oil storage area, also known as oil tank area, is the area where bulk oil products are stored centrally, and it is also the key part of oil depot. The oil storage area is mainly composed of oil storage tanks and other supporting facilities (such as automatic liquid level control devices, anti-static and lightning protection devices, drainage facilities, etc.). ). From the perspective of safety, light oil tanks and viscous oil tanks are generally arranged separately. In particular, the light oil tank farm should have reliable fire-fighting facilities and circular roads, which can effectively control the entry of outsiders and vehicles. Oil storage areas are usually equipped with oil prevention and fire prevention facilities and reliable means of operation, dripping, leakage and fire monitoring. There shall be no overhead wires or telephone lines passing above the oil storage area, and no inflammable articles shall be piled around.

The loading and unloading area, also known as the production area, includes facilities, buildings and structures necessary for loading and unloading bulk and barreled oil products. Loading and unloading areas can be divided into railway loading and unloading areas, water transportation loading and unloading areas and highway distribution areas. ;

(1) The main facilities of the railway loading and unloading area include special railway lines, trestles, crane pipes, oil gathering pipelines, pump houses, measuring instrument rooms, loading and unloading platforms for barreled oil products, barreled warehouses, air compressors and vacuum systems. There are also heated greenhouses in cold areas.

(2) The water transport area receives, unloads and distributes bulk and barreled oil products to tankers, oil barges and other water transport vehicles. The main facilities include oil loading dock, pump house, oil pipeline, boom, lifting equipment and conveying equipment for loading and unloading oil drums.

(3) The road distribution area distributes bulk and barreled oil products to road transport vehicles of oil production units. There are mainly oil pump houses or elevated oil tanks, oil platforms and parking lots. The fire accident rate in this area is the highest, especially the fire accident caused by the invasion of naked flame, static electricity and stray current. Accidents such as running, running, dripping, leaking and mixing oil often occur. The severity is second only to the tank farm, so we should focus on management, supervision, inspection and improvement of corresponding preventive facilities. Generally, the dangerous areas of loading and unloading operations are equipped with integral explosion-proof, equipotential grounding and facilities to prevent stray current from entering. Equipment should be flexible, reliable and leak-free, and simple fire extinguishing equipment should be fully equipped.

The auxiliary production operation area is set up to ensure the normal production of the oil depot, mainly including laboratory, power distribution room, power generation room, machine maintenance workshop, fire control facilities and sewage treatment facilities. Some also have boiler rooms, material warehouses and repair and cleaning bucket rooms. The fire fighting system should be as close as possible to the oil tank area and meet the requirements of safe distance. The boiler room is usually located in the crosswind and downwind direction more than 35 meters away from the oil tank area. The laboratory should be as close to the receiving and dispatching area and storage area as possible while meeting the requirements of safe distance.

The administrative area mainly includes offices, canteens, clinics, cultural and entertainment venues and garages. Living quarters mainly include dormitories for employees and their families. The auxiliary production operation area, administrative management area and living area of tertiary oil depot can generally be built together. The loading and unloading area, auxiliary production area, administrative area and living area of the fourth-class oil depot can also be jointly built.

There should be a certain fire distance between buildings and structures in the oil depot. When combustible mixed gas explodes, the minimum distance from the accident center to the allowable limit that can protect personal safety and prevent building damage is called fire protection distance. Oil tanks and oil loading and unloading facilities that often discharge oil vapor should be far away from other buildings.

There are also fire separation requirements between oil tanks and between oil tanks and fire dike. The distance between vertical oil tank and fire dike is usually half the height of tank wall; The spacing of horizontal oil tanks should also meet the specification requirements.

Generally, the above-ground oil tanks and semi-underground oil tanks have fire dikes. The main function is to prevent the fire from spreading, and to prevent leakage, overflow, dripping and overflow in case of fire. The fire dike shall be constructed of incombustible materials, and the actual height shall be 0.2m higher than the calculated value. The actual height of vertical oil tank fire dike shall not be less than 1m and not more than 2.2m; the actual height of horizontal oil tank fire dike shall not be less than 0.5m；; The width of the top of the earth fire dike should not be less than 0.5m The fire dike should be able to bear the static pressure of oil. It is forbidden to open holes in the fire dike, and the pipeline crossing the fire dike must use casing and be sealed with packing.

Second, the oil storage method is divided into bulk and complete oil storage according to its container and transportation form. Different storage methods have different requirements for technology and equipment. This paper introduces the storage of bulk oil products. Petroleum products are transported to the warehouse by railway tankers, truck tankers, tankers and pipelines. Petroleum products stored in large oil tanks are called bulk petroleum products. The storage form of bulk oil in oil tank is called bulk oil storage. This is the main storage mode of oil products in oil depots at present.

1. Bulk oil storage mode 1) The above-ground oil storage tank is called the above-ground oil storage tank. The above-ground oil depot has the advantages of less investment, easy construction, fast construction, convenient use and management, and convenient inspection and maintenance. At present, most new oil depots store oil on the ground. Its disadvantage is that it occupies a large area, and because of the large temperature difference and high temperature on the ground, the evaporation loss of oil products is serious and the fire risk is also great.

2) The foundation of semi-underground and underground oil storage tanks is below the ground, and the oil depot with the tank top still on the ground is a semi-underground oil depot. The whole oil tank underground is called underground oil tank, including a hidden oil tank covered with soil and a metal oil tank located in a cave. Due to the small temperature difference and low storage temperature, the evaporation loss of oil during storage is small, it is not easy to deteriorate and the fire risk is small. But the investment is large, the construction period is long, the use and management are inconvenient, and the maintenance is also difficult. Nowadays, it is rare to build hidden tanks covered with soil. Cave metal oil tanks are generally used for large reserve oil depots.

3) Oil storage in water-sealed tunnel Sealing oil storage refers to the use of the integrity of underground rock mass and stable groundwater level to seal oil products in underground caverns. The oil in the cave is surrounded by the stable groundwater in the surrounding rock, and a small amount of water seeps out, so the oil will not leak out. This oil storage method needs good rock strata and stable groundwater level, and is currently being built in coastal areas such as Zhejiang and Fujian.

4) Underwater oil storage means that the whole oil tank is built below the water surface. Mainly developed to adapt to the exploitation of offshore oil, it is generally used to receive and transport offshore crude oil. With the development of offshore oil and gas fields, the forms of oil storage are also developing.

2. Basic requirements for oil storage 1) Anti-deterioration In order to ensure the quality of oil products, the following points must be paid attention to during oil storage:

(1) Reduce the influence of temperature. The change of temperature has great influence on the quality of oil products. Insulated oil tanks and insulated oil tanks are often used in oil depots. In the hot season, the fuel tank should also be watered thoroughly.

(2) Reduce the influence of air and moisture. Air and moisture will affect the oxidation speed of oil products, so closed storage with controllable pressure is often used when storing oil products.

(3) Reduce the influence of sunlight on oil products. The thermal radiation of sunlight makes the gas space and oil temperature in the oil tank increase obviously. Ultraviolet rays can also play a catalytic role in the oxidation process of oil products. The exterior of light oil storage tanks is mostly painted with silver gray to reduce the influence of sunlight radiation. In recent years, a white paint with oil resistance, corrosion resistance, heat insulation and conductivity has also been used in oil tanks.

(4) Reduce the influence of metals on oil products. Various metals will play a catalytic role in the oxidation of oil products. Among them, copper has the strongest catalytic effect, followed by lead. The larger the contact area between metal and oil, the greater its influence.

2) Reducing the loss In the storage of oil products, reducing the evaporation loss of oil products can not only preserve the quantity of oil products, but also ensure the quality of oil products. The usual practice is:

(1) floating roof oil tank and internal floating roof oil tank are selected.

(2) The breather valve baffle is selected below the breather valve of the oil tank.

③ Spray water to cool down.

3) Ensure the safety of oil products. There is a great risk of fire and explosion, so measures should be taken to improve the safety of oil products during storage. The specific requirements are:

(1) Reduce the explosion sensitivity of oil products. Strengthen the management of kindling to prevent sparks from metal friction in production. When sending, receiving and transporting crude oil, the friction between crude oil molecules and between crude oil and pipeline, valve and container wall will generate static electricity, so good grounding device must be provided to prevent static electricity accumulation.

(2) Use materials with good flame retardancy.

(3) In case of accidental fire, minimize losses.

(4) Ensure that the fire fighting system of the oil depot is always in good condition.

(5) Ensure that the oil storage facilities and equipment are in the best working condition.

Third, the oil tank is the main container for storing bulk oil. Oil tank refers to a large container with regular shape for storing petroleum products. Oil tanks can be divided into metal oil tanks and non-metal oil tanks according to materials. Metal tanks include vertical cylindrical tanks, horizontal cylindrical tanks, double curvature tanks, spherical tanks and descending tanks, as shown in Figure 8- 1 and Figure 8-2. Metal oil tanks are mostly made of steel and are widely used. Non-metallic oil tanks, also known as "earth oil tanks", include earth oil tanks, brick oil tanks, oil tanks and reinforced concrete oil tanks. Because of saving steel, China used to use them more. However, due to the large area and high cost, especially the hidden dangers and dangers of accidents, it has been gradually eliminated.

Figure 8- 1 spherical storage tank

Figure 8-2 Drop-shaped water tank

At present, the most widely used oil depot is the vertical cylindrical steel oil tank, which is named because its cylinder is vertical to the ground. It consists of tank bottom, tank wall, tank top and some tank accessories. The capacity ranges from one hundred thousand to several hundred thousand cubic meters. Most of them are named after the roof structure, and the most common ones are vault oil tanks, floating roof oil tanks and inner floating roof oil tanks, whose bottom, foundation and wall structures are basically the same. The oil tank foundation evenly transfers the weight and oil load of the oil tank to the soil. It is not suitable to build oil tanks in places with poor geological conditions. Oil tank foundation usually consists of plain soil layer, lime soil layer, sand cushion layer and asphalt sand cushion layer from bottom to top.

The bottom plate of oil tank is welded by laying steel plates, and the thickness is between 5 ~ 12 mm, which is used to transfer the gravity of oil and oil tank. Its outer surface is in contact with the wetland base; The inner surface is in contact with the moisture and impurities deposited in the oil and is easy to be corroded. The bottom plate is not easy to check and repair, and there is no leakage after welding, and the anti-corrosion measures are good.

The tank wall is assembled by several layers of annular plates. The vertical welds on the ring plates are butted, and the circumferential welds between the ring plates can be butted or lapped. There are interactive, sleeve-type, butt-joint and mixed arrangements between ring plates, as shown in Figure 8-3.

Figure 8-3 Structure Diagram of Ring Plate of Vertical Cylindrical Metal Oil Tank

Tank roof is divided into fixed roof and movable roof. Vaulted oil tank belongs to fixed roof oil tank; Floating roof oil tanks and internal floating roof oil tanks are both movable roof oil tanks. Dome tanks and internal floating roof tanks are the most common in oil depots.

The roof of vault oil tank is spherical, and the structure is shown in Figure 8-4. The vault itself is a load-bearing component, which has great rigidity and can withstand high internal pressure, which is beneficial to reduce evaporation loss.

Figure 8-4 Vault Oil Tank

Floating roof (also known as external floating roof) oil tank has a floating disk covering the oil level, which can rise and fall with the change of oil level. The top of the floating roof is completely open. Because there is almost no space between the floating disk and the oil level, the evaporation loss of oil can be greatly reduced and the safety of oil storage can be improved. Floating roofs have single and double plates. Single plate is used for large oil tanks. Using a floating cabin with a single layer in the middle and a double layer in the periphery can save steel, as shown in Figure 8-5. The floating roof of the small oil tank is made into a double disk, which floats on the oil surface like a ship, and other components are similar to a single disk. Floating roof oil tank has a large amount of steel and complex structure. Floating roof oil tanks are easy to accumulate dust and rain, which may pollute petroleum products and are usually used to store crude oil.

Figure 8-5 Single-disk external floating roof oil tank

1-bottom plate; 2- tank wall; 3- Upright veneer; 4- floating cabin; 5-floating tower; 6— Manhole of floating cabin; 7— Telescopic hanger; 8- sealing device; 9— Measuring pipeline; 10- floating ladder; 1 1- wind ring; 12- winding ladder; 13- tank top platform; 14-floating ladder track; 15- sump; 16 —— The floating roof oil tank in the folding drain pipe has the advantages of both vault oil tank and floating roof oil tank. Its external structure is similar to that of vault oil tank, and it has a fixed top cover more than floating roof oil tank, which can prevent rainwater from entering the oil tank, avoid the pollution of dust and sandstorm to oil products, improve the storage conditions of oil products, slow down the aging of sealing rings and effectively reduce the loss of oil products. At present, a large number of new buildings have been built, which are widely used to store gasoline, kerosene, solvent gasoline, aviation gasoline and aviation kerosene. The structure of internal floating roof oil tank is shown in Figure 8-6.

Figure 8-6 Internal Floating Roof Oil Tank

1- tank top; 2— Vent hole at the top of storage tank; 3— Vent hole of tank wall; 4- sealing device; 5— Single manhole; 6- automatic exhaust; 7— Column at the top of storage tank; 8— Internal floating roof; 9- guide plate; 10 —— Horizontal cylindrical steel oil tank with floating disk column is called horizontal tank for short, and consists of tank body, tank cover and reinforcement. It is convenient to manufacture and carry, but it uses a lot of steel per unit volume and occupies a large area.

The forms of fuel tank cover include flat cover, conical cover, spherical cover, dish-shaped (spherical-like) cover and oval cover. At present, horizontal tanks with flat heads and dish heads are more common. The flat head is directly welded to both ends of the tank with steel plates. It has simple structure and convenient construction, but it has small capacity and low bearing pressure, and is often used to hold lubricating oil or foam liquid. The dish-shaped head connects the spherical head and the tank with a large curvature arc transition, as shown in Figure 8-7. The pressure is great, but the processing and manufacturing are more complicated, and there are stereotyped products and standard series. Triangular brackets are used to improve strength and prevent the oil tank from deforming.

Figure 8-7 Horizontal cylindrical steel oil tank with dished top cover

1- manhole; Catamaran board; 3- triangular support; 4-dish top cover 4. There are three types of fuel tank capacity, as shown in Figure 8-8. The nominal capacity is the theoretical capacity of the fuel tank. When designing, the height and diameter of the fuel tank are selected according to the nominal capacity. What we usually call 5000m3 oil tank is the nominal capacity. At present, the common standard series of vaulted oil tanks in China are 100m3, 200m3, 300m3, 500m3, 700m3, 1000m3, 200m3, 300m3, 500m3, 5000m3, 10000m3 and 20000m3. The largest vault tank in China has reached 30000m3, that in Japan is 50000m3, and that in the United States is127,000m3.

Figure 8-8 Fuel Tank Capacity

The storage capacity is the actual capacity of the fuel tank. Generally speaking, there is a space with a height of a above the fuel tank. The size of a is generally determined by the structure of the oil tank and the accessories on the upper part of the tank wall. This part of the capacity is a safe capacity.

When in use, the oil at the lower part of the oil tank outlet pipe cannot be sent out. These oils are usually called "self-weight" and their height is B. The storage capacity minus "self-weight" is the working capacity. Oil depot surveyor, pump driver, etc. We must master this ability in order to dispatch and receive safely.

The basic dimensions of vault oil tank refer to the diameter and height of oil tank. After determining the nominal capacity of the fuel tank, you can choose the combination of the diameter and height of the fuel tank. There is always a combination that can minimize the investment cost of oil tank construction or minimize the use of steel for oil tanks. In the past, China was generally determined by the minimum consumption of steel, and most of them were short and fat. At present, it has gradually transitioned to the type selection based on the least investment. Considering the land occupation cost, most of them are thin and high oil tanks.

Attachment of verb (abbreviation of verb) oil tank 1 General accessories of oil tank The general accessories of oil tank include manhole, light hole, oil measuring hole, oil inlet and outlet short pipe, drain pipe and valve, sewage tank or flushing hole, oil expansion pipe, air inlet branch pipe, ladder and railing, etc.

Provide manholes for operators to get in and out of the fuel tank when cleaning and repairing it. It can also be used for ventilation during maintenance, and there are molded products. Manholes are usually 600 mm in diameter, and the distance from the center to the bottom plate is 750 mm.

Lamp holes are arranged on the tank top for lighting and ventilation during maintenance and cleaning. The distance between the edge and the tank wall is usually 800 ~1000 mm.

The oil measuring hole is used for measuring oil level, sampling and temperature measurement, and is installed near the tank top platform. Only one oil measuring hole is installed in each oil tank, which is usually closed and slightly opened during metering and sampling.

The oil inlet and outlet short pipes are installed on the bottom ring plate of the oil tank, the outer side is connected with the valve at the root of the oil tank on the oil inlet and outlet pipeline, and the inner side is mostly in the form of a groove with an upward angle of 45 degrees to lead out static electricity.

The drain pipe is specially designed to drain the accumulated water in the oil tank and remove the dirty oil residue at the bottom of the oil tank. According to the volume of the oil tank, the size is determined, and the diameter is 50 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, etc. Open the valve on the water pipe, and the water at the bottom of the oil tank will be discharged under the pressure of the oil in the oil tank. There is often water in the drainage pipe, so it is necessary to do a good job of heat preservation in winter.

A drain hole is arranged under the bottom plate of the oil tank, and a drain pipe is attached to the flange cover of the drain hole outside the oil tank. Bottom water can be discharged from the drain pipe at ordinary times, and sludge can be cleaned when cleaning the oil tank.

The expansion pipe plays the role of pressure relief to ensure the safety of pipelines and valves.

The air intake branch pipe is specially used for air intake when the pipeline is emptied. Generally located outside the valve of the oil inlet and outlet pipeline, it can also be installed on the filter in front of the pump. The inlet branch pipe is equipped with a ball valve, and the pipe should be closed in time after emptying, as shown in Figure 8-9.

Figure 8-9 Oil expansion pipe and intake branch pipe

1- safety valve; 2- expansion tube; 3— Intake branch pipe 2. Special accessories for oil tanks The special accessories for oil tanks include mechanical breathing valves, hydraulic safety valves, flame arresters, breathing valve baffles, heaters and short ventilation pipes.

The mechanical breathing valve keeps the gas space pressure of the oil tank within a certain range to reduce the evaporation loss of oil products and ensure the safety of the oil tank. It consists of a pressure valve and a vacuum valve. When the gas pressure in the tank reaches the design value, the pressure valve is pushed open, the gas escapes, and the pressure in the tank does not increase any more. When the vacuum degree in the tank reaches the allowable value, air will push open the vacuum valve and enter the tank, and the vacuum degree in the tank will not increase, so as to avoid deflation in the tank.

Mechanical breathing valves sometimes fail due to corrosion or freezing. In order to ensure the safety of oil tanks, hydraulic safety valves are often installed on oil tanks. Its control pressure or vacuum value is generally higher than that of mechanical breathing valve 10%. When the mechanical breathing valve fails or other reasons cause excessive pressure or vacuum in the tank, it will start and play a role in safety protection. The valve can be filled with liquid with high boiling point, non-volatile and low freezing point as a liquid seal, thus ensuring normal operation at higher and lower temperatures.

Flame arrester, also known as flame arrester, is a fire safety device for oil tanks. Fire extinguisher is a kind of corrugated metal box with good thermal conductivity, such as copper and aluminum. When the flame passes through the fire extinguisher, the corrugated net can quickly absorb the combustion heat and extinguish the flame, thus effectively preventing the external flame from entering the tank through the breathing valve.

Breathing valve baffle is an energy-saving device to reduce evaporation loss of volatile oil. When sending oil, if the liquid level drops too fast, the air flow in the oil suction tank will disperse the oil-gas concentration layer on the oil surface, thus accelerating the evaporation of oil products. After the baffle is installed below the breathing valve, the inhaled airflow can turn to the tank wall to avoid directly impacting the oil level. The baffle of breathing valve is simple in structure, easy to manufacture and install, and it is a fitting with less investment and good effect.

The heater is used to heat and reduce the viscosity of high viscosity and high pour point crude oil to improve its fluidity. At present, steam heating is widely used in heaters.

The short ventilation pipe is the breathing channel for oil tank to receive and send oil. The central drainage pipe, also known as the drainage folding pipe, can stretch and bend with the rise and fall of the floating roof, and is a special accessory for the external floating roof oil tank. It discharges the accumulated water on the floating plate in time to prevent the floating roof from sinking.

The technological process of oil depot represents the flow direction of oil products in oil depot along the pipeline, and reflects the main production processes of oil depot and the relationship between various technological systems. Its related drawings are called oil depot process flow chart. Generally, it is not drawn to scale, but the equipment orientation of each area is consistent with the general plan as much as possible, so as to contact with the general plan and get a more vivid concept. The most important local process flow of oil depot is the process flow of oil tank area and the process flow of pump house.

1. Process flow of oil tank farm The pipeline process of oil tank farm generally includes single-pipe system, independent pipeline system and double (multi-) pipe system. Generally, double-pipe system is the main system, supplemented by single-pipe system or independent pipeline system.

In the single pipe system, multiple tanks in the same tank group use one pipe, as shown in Figure 8- 10. This process requires less pipelines and low construction cost, but it cannot be sent and received at the same time, and the oil tanks in the group cannot be transferred to each other. If it is necessary to transfer, another temporary pipeline must be set up. When transporting different oil products, it is necessary to empty the pipeline to prevent oil products from mixing. This technology is generally used in oil depots with single variety, less receiving and dispatching business and no need for transportation.

Fig. 8- 10 process flow of single pipe system

In the independent pipeline system, each oil tank in the tank farm has a separate pipeline, as shown in Figure 8- 1 1. This process has a clear layout and is specially used for special pipelines. There is no need to empty after use, and the operation of other fuel tanks will not be affected during maintenance. However, the material consumption is large, and the number of pipe groups in the pump room will increase accordingly. Generally, it is used for many kinds of lubricating oil pipelines, but it cannot be mixed with other oil products. Because the business volume of lubricating oil pipeline is less than that of light oil, it is not necessary to pour tanks frequently.

Figure 8- Process Flow of Independent Piping System +0 1

Double pipe system uses two pipes for one or more fuel tanks, and multi-pipe system uses more than two pipes for two or more fuel tanks. The double-pipe system has two main roads for each bulk oil product, which are used for oil collection and oil transportation respectively. Each oil tank is also equipped with a dedicated oil inlet and outlet pipe, which is connected with the corresponding oil inlet and outlet trunk roads. Commonly used arrows or different colors are used to mark the inlet and outlet pipes or valves respectively, which is convenient for safe operation.

Fig. 8- 12 is the process flow chart of a typical double-tube system. The biggest feature of the double-pipe system is that the oil tanks in the same group can be transferred to each other and sent and received at the same time. However, in the process of transmission operation, two pipelines need to be occupied, so it is impossible to send and receive at the same time. Three-pipe system is often used in oil depots with heavy workload and more than two oil tanks in the same group. In this way, when the oil in the warehouse is transferred, the oil can be received and sent, and it can also be ensured that each road can receive or send oil separately.

Fig. 8- 12 process flow of double-tube system

2. Process flow of oil pump room According to the type of oil to be transported, oil pump room can be divided into light oil pump room and lubricating oil pump room. According to the architectural form, the oil pump house can be divided into above-ground pump house, underground pump house and semi-underground pump house. According to the working nature of the pump house, the pump house can be divided into loading and unloading pump house, pump house, transfer pump house and comprehensive pump house. The loading and unloading oil pump room is used for large-scale loading and unloading operations, and is generally located near the railway operation line or wharf. Oil distribution pump room distributes oil directly to users, usually located near oil distribution platform or oil distribution room. The transfer pump house is responsible for oil transportation in the warehouse, between oil tanks or from oil tanks to overhead oil tanks. The comprehensive pump house has two or more functions such as loading and unloading-transportation, oil transportation-transportation, oil unloading-transportation and oil unloading-transportation.

The process flow of the oil pump house refers to the whole process that the transported oil enters the oil pump house from the suction pipe, flows through the pipes and equipment in the oil pump house, and is discharged from the discharge pipe according to the specific process requirements. The light oil pump room is dedicated to management and pumping, and can load and unload a variety of oil products at the same time without interference. Two gasoline pumps can be mutually standby, diesel pump and coal pump can also be mutually standby, and they can also be connected in series or in parallel. Light oil pump house is often used in oil depots with more varieties and smaller scale. The lubricating oil pump room uses pumps and pipes independently to ensure that oil products are not mixed. The process flow of standard pump house commonly used in oil depot of sales system is shown in Figure 8- 13. The process is simple in design, neat in arrangement and convenient to operate. No matter where the oil is transported, it can be connected with the two oil collection pipes in front of the pump in the same way. The gate valve 1 ~ 4 on the oil collecting pipe is generally replaced by a blind plate to prevent oil mixing. Each pump delivers a specific oil product. Once the pump unit fails, the blind plate can be removed and the valve can be temporarily installed. Another pump will transport oil, and the adjacent pump can be used as a backup. See Table 8-2 for illustrations of common equipment, valves and pipeline accessories.

General legend of process flow

No. There is no name chart. Name chart number Name chart number 1 gate valve 13 electric centrifugal pump 2 stop valve 14 pipeline pump 3 check valve 15 electric reciprocating pump 4 ball valve 16 steam reciprocating pump 5 butterfly valve 17 gear pump 6 plug valve 18 screw pump 7 electric valve. Type oil tank 10 filter 22 crane pipe1/flowmeter 23 hose 12 getter 24 oil unloading arm (quick connector)