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Summer anti-drowning blackboard content
How much do you know about preventing drowning in summer? Below is the content of the summer anti-drowning blackboard I shared. Let’s take a look.
Swimming safety knowledge
(1) Swimming tips
1. Swimming must be led by parents. Swimming alone is the most likely to cause problems. If your companion is not a parent, it is difficult to ensure that you will receive proper rescue in the event of danger.
2. People who are sick should not go swimming. Patients with chronic diseases such as otitis media, heart disease, skin diseases, liver and kidney diseases, high blood pressure, epilepsy, pink eye, colds, fever, mental fatigue, and physical weakness should not go swimming because participating in swimming activities for the above patients will not only aggravate their condition easily , and it is also prone to cramps, accidental coma, and life-threatening conditions. People with infectious diseases can easily spread the disease to others. In addition, female students should not swim during menstruation.
3. Do not jump into the water immediately after participating in strenuous physical labor or strenuous exercise, especially if you are sweating profusely or feeling hot. Otherwise, it may easily cause cramps and colds. wait.
5. It is not suitable to swim in bad weather such as thunderstorms, windy weather, sudden changes in weather, etc.
(2) Preparatory activities must be done before swimming
1. Sufficient preparatory activities must be done before swimming. The weather in summer is hot. If you do not do any preparatory activities, enter the water immediately. The water temperature, body temperature, and air temperature are very different. If you enter the water suddenly, the pores will shrink rapidly and stimulate the sensory nerves. It may cause limb cramps in mild cases, or reflex cardiac arrest shock in severe cases. It is easy to Cause death by drowning.
2. How to prepare:
Keep your body warm by jumping and jogging for 2-4 minutes without sweating. Its purpose is to bring various organs in the body into an active state.
Before entering the water, shower with cold water to adapt to the water temperature, and then enter the water.
Water preparations. It is not advisable to swim quickly after entering the water, nor to flow into deep water immediately. You should adapt to shallow water for a period of time before gradually accelerating.
(3) Emergency situations and self-rescue during swimming
1. Cramp: It is an involuntary tonic contraction of the muscles. It may be caused by low water temperature or too long swimming time. Cramps, the most important thing when cramps occur is to stay calm and not panic.
2. The method of relieving cramps in water is mainly to pull the cramped bones and muscles to stretch and relax the contracted muscles. The specific relief methods are as follows:
(1) When your fingers cramp, clench your hands into fists, and then open them with force. Do this several times quickly and alternately until you are relieved.
(2) When one palm is cramped, the other palm presses the cramped palm hard and makes a trembling movement.
(3) When your calf or toe cramps, take a breath first, lie on your back on the water, hold the cramped toe with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body with force, and press with the other hand. You can get relief by helping to straighten the knee of the limb on the side of the cramp. If it doesn't work once, you can do it several times in a row.
(4) When your thigh cramps, take a breath, lie on your back on the water, bend the cramped thigh, and bend the knee joint, then hold the calf with both hands and force it to stick to the thigh, and add vibrating movements , and finally stretch forward with force.
(4) First aid for drowning
1. How to rescue a drowning person ashore.
Method 1: Throw lifebuoys, bamboo poles, wooden boards and other objects to the drowning person, and then drag them to the shore;
Method 2: If there is no rescue equipment, you can enter the water directly rescue. When approaching a drowning victim, turn his or her hips away from you (why?) and then haul. Hauling is usually done by sidestroke or backstroke.
Special emphasis: Minors who find someone drowning should not rush into the water to rescue them. They should immediately shout for help or use life-saving equipment to call for help. The Minors Protection Law also stipulates: "Minors cannot participate in rescue operations and other dangerous situations. Sexual activities. "This is why our school emphasizes that students should be led by their parents when going swimming.
2. How to carry out shore first aid
(1) When a drowning person is rescued ashore, his or her mouth should be opened immediately to remove secretions and other foreign matter from the mouth. If the drowning person has trismus, use the thumbs of both hands to press his mandibular joint from back to front and push forward with force. At the same time, pull the jawbone downward with the index and middle fingers of both hands to open his teeth.
(2) Water control. The rescuer kneels on one leg, bends the other leg, puts the drowning person's abdomen on the kneeled thigh, holds his head with one hand so that his mouth is downward, and presses his back with the other hand. Drain the water from his abdomen.
(3) If the drowning person is unconscious and breathing is weak or stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. Mouth-to-mouth blowing is usually more effective. If the heart stops beating, chest compressions and cardiac resuscitation should be performed immediately.
(5) How to avoid drowning when facing floods
1. When there is a flood, you should pay attention to flee to higher places;
2. Try your best to avoid big waves;
3. Try to grab the floating objects;
4. Wave bright clothes to call for help;
5. Prepare food, medicine, and flashlights before the flood comes. Wait and choose the transfer route and location. When floods come, follow the instructions of street and village government cadres, and bring the whole family with food and clothes and move to a safe place.
6. When floods come, if you are in class in the classroom, you must follow the teacher’s instructions and move in an orderly manner. In an emergency, you must hold on to desks, chairs and other floating objects, and stay with teachers and classmates as much as possible. , wait for rescue, and never swim home alone.
Precautions
1. Do not swim privately, do not swim in waters without safety measures and rescue personnel, and do not swim in unfamiliar waters.
2. Necessary physical examination is required. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, otitis media, skin diseases, severe trachoma and various infectious diseases should not swim; menstruating women should not swim; those who are full or hungry It is not advisable to swim during the period, after strenuous exercise and heavy labor.
3. Prepare necessary supplies and protective equipment, such as swimming suits, goggles, lifebuoys, etc. You should warm up on land before entering the water to avoid cramps and other uncomfortable reactions.
4. Make sure you have good swimming time. When swimming, the body loses heat quickly and consumes a lot of energy. It is not advisable to stay in the water for too long, generally not more than an hour.
5. If cramps or physical exhaustion occur during swimming, do not panic or raise your hands to struggle. You should lie flat on the water with your mouth and nose exposed, and at the same time inhale deeply and exhale shallowly. Breathe in, float your body up on the water, use the hand on the same side as the cramped leg to hold the toes and pull them up, and press the knee of the cramped leg with the other hand to straighten the leg.
6. If you find someone drowning, you must swim from the side of the drowning person, never from the front, to prevent you from being hugged by the drowning person and drowning together. After a drowning person is rescued ashore, the sediment in his mouth and nose must first be removed, and then. The rescuer can kneel on one leg and bend the other leg, place the drowning victim's abdomen on the bent leg, make his head droop, and beat his back with his hands to drain the water from his abdominal cavity. If the drowning person has regained consciousness, he should be clothed to keep him warm and allowed to rest quietly. If the situation is serious, the drowning person should be sent to the hospital for rescue in time.
Basic knowledge about drowning
1. The concept of drowning
Drowning, also known as drowning, refers to a person submerging in water because water is inhaled into the lungs ( Asphyxiation caused by wet drowning (90%) or laryngeal contracture (dry drowning (10%)).
2. Types of drowning
Drowning is divided into three categories: intentional, unintentional, and undetermined intention. Intentional drowning includes intentionally harming oneself by drowning and sinking or harming others by drowning and sinking; unintentional drowning includes accidental drowning and sinking as well as drowning caused by natural disasters and water transportation accidents; drowning with uncertain intention refers to inability to Drowning behavior judged as intentional drowning and unintentional drowning.
3. Causes of death from drowning
The main causes of death from drowning are the inhalation of a large amount of water in the trachea, which hinders breathing, or the severe spasm of the larynx causing respiratory tract closure and death by suffocation.
In addition, the causes of death from drowning include:
(1) A large amount of algae, grass, and sediment enter the mouth, nose, trachea, and lungs, blocking the respiratory tract and causing suffocation.
(2) Fright and cold can cause larynx spasm, respiratory obstruction and suffocation.
(3) Freshwater drowning: A large amount of water enters the blood, the blood is diluted, hemolysis occurs, and blood potassium rises, leading to ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest.
(4) Seawater drowning: High sodium causes an increase in blood osmotic pressure, causing severe pulmonary edema, leading to heart failure and death.
4. Symptoms of drowning
Judging from the external characteristics of the human body, the face of a drowning person is usually bruised and swollen, the eyes are congested, the mouth, nostrils and trachea are filled with bloody foam; the limbs are clammy and the upper abdomen is distended. Fullness, irritability or confusion, irregular breathing, thin and weak pulse, or even convulsions or respiratory or heartbeat arrest; there is usually water in the lung cavity, with sediment or other impurities in the water. Judging from the medical examination, the lung rales and heart sounds of the drowning person are weak and irregular. The fresh water drowning person has blood dilution and hemolysis. The seawater drowning person has hemoconcentration and hyperkalemia. In severe cases, the heartbeat, Death due to cessation of breathing.
5. Determination of the cause of death by drowning
The cause of death by drowning is usually the inhalation of a large amount of water during the drowning process, leading to death by suffocation. In addition, since the inhaled water is water from the surrounding environment, diatoms growing in the water must also be inhaled into the lungs, and finally remain in the lungs and the surrounding body fluid environment. When tested with diatom testing technology, diatoms will appear Test positive reaction.
6. High-risk behaviors of drowning among primary and secondary school students
In recent years, the high-risk behaviors that lead to drowning incidents among primary and secondary school students can be roughly summarized as follows: not familiar with water properties, swimming in the water privately; hanging out with others without permission Swimming; playing in the water; catching fish and shrimp in rivers and rivers; swimming without the guidance of parents or teachers; swimming in waters without safety facilities and rescuers; swimming in unfamiliar waters.
7. Timely rescue is required for drowning people
Drowning people often need timely rescue. Only timely rescue can minimize the harm caused by drowning, so it is necessary to understand the effects of drowning on the human body. The injury process can improve people's grasp of rescue opportunities after drowning. A person will lose consciousness 2 minutes after drowning; the nervous system will suffer irreversible damage after 4 to 6 minutes; any longer, it will cause deeper damage to the human body and even lead to death. Therefore, it is necessary to fully grasp the best rescue time in the early stage of drowning.
The consequences of drowning in minors include death and disability resulting from severe damage to the nervous system. Basic life support should be started as soon as possible after drowning, especially cardiopulmonary resuscitation within 5 minutes of drowning. Restoring effective respiratory circulation is the most effective way to successfully resuscitate, reduce mortality and alleviate severe neurological sequelae.
Contents and information of the handwritten blackboard report on drowning prevention
As spring turns to summer, the weather gradually becomes hotter. As a result, young people’s swimming activities become more frequent. The reason is that swimming is a good fitness exercise. It can not only relieve heat and heat, cleanse the skin, but also increase joint flexibility and muscle softness. The strength of the myocardium is enhanced, the elasticity of blood vessels is increased, and the lung capacity is increased, which is beneficial to physical and mental health. Therefore, when it comes to swimming, every teenager enjoys it. However, our county is located in a mountainous area, and our school is close to mountains and rivers (by the Ou River). Swimming is a dangerous sport. If it is not properly managed and organized, there will be greater hidden dangers. Once an accident occurs, it brings pain to parents and trouble to the school. On the contrary, as long as our safety police keep sounding to prevent troubles before they happen, accidents can be prevented. So how can we make swimming safe and foolproof? Our school specially organized and learned relevant knowledge, from which I realized:
1. Choose a good water area (natural swimming pool) and fully understand the water conditions, such as the depth of the water, whether there are whirlpools, whether the bottom is aquatic plants or mud, etc., and whether it is suitable for swimming.
2. You are not allowed to swim alone, because swimming without a friend is the most dangerous and most likely to cause problems.
Three. Check your physical condition and do not go swimming if you are sick. Patients with chronic diseases such as otitis media, heart disease, skin diseases, liver and kidney diseases, eye diseases, and those with colds, fever, mental fatigue, and physical weakness are not allowed to swim.
IV. In natural swimming places such as outdoors, rivers, ponds, etc., in addition to collective organizations, parents and teachers must also lead.
5. Make sure you are well prepared before entering the water. In order to prevent cramps, before entering the water, move your limbs and wet all parts of the body with water to improve the adaptability of the nervous system, skin, and muscles to water. Once a cramp occurs, don't be nervous. Straighten the cramped leg and massage it with methods such as kneading, lifting, and pressing to promote blood circulation and the cramp will disappear. ?
Also avoid choking on water - for beginners who have not mastered correct breathing techniques, water can easily enter the nasal cavity and mouth, causing choking on the nose or mouth. To avoid choking on water, the most important thing is to master correct breathing movements. After choking on the water, hold your breath and lie still for a while on the water, and then start breathing normally.
In addition, swimming consumes a lot of physical energy. Swimming on an empty stomach or swimming immediately after a meal can easily cause dizziness, palpitation, abdominal pain and other reactions. Therefore, it is more appropriate to eat properly before swimming and go swimming half an hour after the meal.
But there are always unforeseen circumstances. What should we do if someone drowns? The first thing to do is to save lives, that is, to rescue the drowning person ashore and transfer him to a place with fresh air. Immediately untie his clothes, pry open his mouth, remove the sediment in his mouth and nose, pull out his tongue to make breathing smoother, then make him lie prone, press his abdomen, or carry him on your shoulders to make him spit out the water, and then Perform artificial respiration. Extracardiac massage is also performed when necessary. Be careful not to delay draining the water for too long. You should ask someone to call the emergency phone while rescuing.
Although swimming is a physical exercise, you only live once. While swimming, be sure to pay attention to relevant matters and understand some common sense. Do not act rashly, otherwise the consequences will be disastrous.
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