Fish pond management skills

As a new mode of fishery production, fishing leisure fishery has become an important part of modern fishery, which has produced huge economic benefits, good social benefits and ecological benefits. Let me tell you the management skills of the fishing pond, hoping to help you.

Management skills of fish ponds. Pond selection skills

1. Pond conditions The ideal pond area for fishing is 10 ~ 15 mu, the water depth is more than 2 meters, and the irrigation and drainage should be convenient. Ponds of this size and depth are not only easy to manage, but also beneficial to fish habitat and fishermen's fishing.

2. It is best to choose a fishing pond not too far from the urban area, with good natural environment and convenient transportation, which is conducive to attracting fishermen. But don't be too close to the road and don't have noise sources nearby. Otherwise, when the noise is too large, it will not only affect the normal activities of fish and the hook rate, but also affect the mood of fishermen.

Second, the skills of putting fish

1. Preparation before releasing fish in the fish pond. Before putting fish in the fish pond, the bank of the pond should be tamped and the excess silt at the bottom of the pond should be removed. It is best to use stones and other slope protection, which is not only conducive to maintaining the pond, but also gives people a clean and tidy feeling. Choose sunny days after leveling the pond. Drain about 65,438+00 cm at the bottom of the pond. After using about 200 kilograms of water per mu, spread the whole pond evenly, and then let the pond be exposed for a few days. After disinfection of the solar pool 10, water injection should be started. When injecting water, the water inlet should be filtered with 80 mesh sieve to prevent wild fish from entering, and the water depth should be more than 2 meters.

2. Species and specifications of fish. Fish in fish ponds should have various varieties and specifications.

To change, we should not only consider the easy bait, but also consider the full use of the water surface and the preferences of different anglers. The species include conventional fish such as silver carp, bighead carp, herring, grass carp, carp and crucian carp, and some carnivorous fish such as Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, catfish and snakehead. If conditions permit, some precious fish such as mandarin fish and rainbow trout can also be stocked. Although silver carp and bighead carp are not easy to take the bait, they can play a role in utilizing the upper water body and purifying the water quality. Some fishermen also like to catch silver carp and bighead carp. Carnivorous fish and oversized fish can eliminate low-value small miscellaneous fish that compete for food and oxygen in the water, and also increase the interest of fishermen. Specifications should be reasonably matched according to oversized, large, medium and small. Generally, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco should be above1.50g/tail, crucian carp should be above 250g/tail, and other fish should be above1.000g/tail.

3. Method of releasing fish For fish ponds, more fish can be released at one time after the river is opened every spring. On the one hand, at this time, a large number of finished fish are put on the market, the market price is relatively low, the variety and specifications are complete, and there is a lot of room for choice; On the other hand, the fish scales are compact, with few diseases and weak activity, which is very easy to transport; Also, at this time, the water quality of the fish pond is relatively stable, and the survival rate of releasing fish is high. However, special attention should be paid to stocking at this time. Due to the large stocking amount, some fishing grounds do not pay attention to the relevant details of stocking in the actual operation process, resulting in a large number of scales on the surface of stocked fish being damaged and falling off, resulting in unnecessary losses. This has happened in some fishing grounds I have contacted before. When I was released in the spring, I began to die the next day. Since then, there have been dead fish every day. For more than half a month, dead fish were bruised. Dead fish not only caused direct losses, but also behaved abnormally for a long time after stocking. The fishermen greatly affected their fishing mood because they saw the dead fish in the pool and the fish caught were injured.

4. Continue to release fish in time. Because fish are fished out of the fish pond every day, it is necessary to record the amount of fish put in and taken out, calculate the storage capacity of the pond, and buy and transport supplements at any time according to the storage capacity of the pond to achieve a certain density and ensure the fish quantity and bite rate.

When fish were released for the first time after the river opened in spring, most of the fish ponds in the northern region were directly in the fishing grounds.

Most of the fish in other ponds are bought in the wholesale market of aquatic products. At this time, when buying commercial fish, you should choose fish with strong activity and no damage, and put them less and frequently. Some fishing grounds contacted by the author buy fish from the wholesale market of aquatic products every Friday night and then put them into the pond.

6. Sunday happens to be the time when there are the most fishermen, so the effect is very good.

Third, feeding skills.

Most of the fish ponds I contacted were not fed. In fact, normal and reasonable feeding can not only ensure that the fish's weight will not drop, but also increase its weight, which is good for fishermen and breeders. In particular, it can make the purchased fish recover their physical strength as soon as possible and reduce fish diseases.

When feeding in the fishing pond, the compound bait with comprehensive nutrition should be selected, and the daily feeding amount should be reduced appropriately (accounting for 3% ~ 5% of the fish weight in the pond), and the feeding time should be 4-5 pm. After the fish is 80% full, it will be digested overnight, and it will be in a semi-hungry state the next morning, which will not affect the bait. When there are many fishermen, you can throw less or even not.

Fourth, management skills.

1. Skills of water quality management The fish density in the pond used for fishing is very high. In order to prevent fish from floating and flooding and make fish willing to take the bait, we must do the basic work of water quality management. It is required that the transparency of water body is 30 ~ 40cm, the pH value is 7.0 ~ 8.0, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 3.5mg/L. The water quality can be adjusted by supplementing fresh water at noon every day (avoiding fishing time) or turning on the aerator for 2-3 hours, or photosynthetic bacteria can be used, or some aquatic plants such as water peanuts and water spinach can be transplanted in the fish pond.

2. Skills of managing fishing ponds During fishing, we should pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of pond water, patrol the pond in the morning, at noon and at night, and properly handle abnormal situations at any time. It is necessary to remove the waste discarded by anglers and the fish that died because of hook injury in time to avoid polluting the pool water. It can also give fishermen a fresh and clean water environment to enhance their interest.

Ponds used to develop fishing should have good environmental conditions, and outdoor leisure fishing should be highlighted.

The fun of. Operators should do a good job in surrounding greening, plant flowers and trees, and build some small grass sheds, corridors or pavilions beside the pond as shelters for anglers. Some pollution-free vegetables and fruits should be planted around the pond, and some birds and birds should be bred to create an atmosphere of returning to nature, so that fishermen can have a feeling of lingering and attract more fishermen.

In order to provide more services for fishermen, a cafeteria can be built around the pond for tourists to slaughter, cook and taste fish themselves, or a simple restaurant can be opened, and some entertainment places can be built for fishermen to entertain when they rest. This can not only attract fishermen, but also improve the overall efficiency of fishing and fisheries.

Five, fish disease prevention and control skills

As a special water area, the fishing pond has its particularity compared with the general aquaculture water body, which is mainly manifested in the complex sources of caught fish and the variety of pathogens it carries; Fish are easily injured and infected with diseases during long-distance transportation; Some fish will be injured due to decoupling, and their eating and disease resistance will be weakened; The environment is unstable; Malnutrition and so on. These reasons are easy to make fish sick. The main diseases that are easy to occur in fish ponds are water mold, body surface ulcer, swim bladder, swim bladder flea and so on. Water mold and surface ulcer are mostly caused by improper operation and fish surface damage when buying fish, while fish sole and anchovy flea are mostly caused by frequent fish flow, malnutrition and restless environment. Infected fish do not want to bite the hook, and the surface of the caught fish is festering, parasitic and unsightly, which affects the fishermen's mood. Therefore, fish ponds must do a good job in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases according to their own characteristics in order to achieve better benefits.

1. Fish diseases in fish ponds should be mainly prevented. The main measures are as follows:

(1) Cleaning and disinfection: In winter, it is best to thoroughly dry the fish pond once a year to remove excessive sediment and expose it to the sun. Before putting the fish in, disinfect the fish with quicklime to completely kill the pathogen.

(2) Reduce fish injuries: fishing, transportation, entering the pond and other operations should be standardized and detailed to reduce fish injuries. Abrasions, hook injuries and their complications are the main diseases in fish ponds.

Fish seriously injured should be fished out in time.

(3) Put in healthy fish: When buying, you should know the source of fish to a certain extent. Don't buy fish that are seriously injured after pulling the net for many times and fish that are sick in the pond to prevent sick fish from entering the pond. The closer the source of fish is, the better. On the one hand, it is convenient to know the situation, on the other hand, it reduces the risk of long-distance transportation.

(4) Keep the appropriate fish carrying capacity in the pond: the maximum fish carrying capacity per mu can be controlled at about 800 kg in a fish pond with good conditions; Generally speaking, it should be controlled at around 400 kg. It should be noted that the risk will increase with the increase of the load in the pond. If there are a lot of fish in the pond, the fish often float their heads due to lack of oxygen, but the bait rate will decrease.

(5) Do a good job of disinfection when releasing fish: insist on disinfection when fish enter Tangqian. Generally, 5% salt water or 20 mg/L potassium permanganate is used to disinfect fish for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and chlorine dioxide and other preparations are used in time after water is put into use.

(6) regularly use disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide to disinfect water bodies, and regularly use pesticides to kill parasites.

(7) Strengthen disease monitoring, and timely find and deal with diseases. When patrolling the pond in the morning, noon and evening, we should carefully observe the activities of fish in the pond. Once sick and dead fish are found, they should be removed in time and treated symptomatically to prevent the spread of the disease.

2. Diseases prone to occur in fish ponds and their treatment methods.

(1) Hydromycetes: Most of them occur when fish are put in the pond for the first time in early spring. According to the water depth per mu 1 m, 300 ~ 400 grams of water mill concentrate can be used to spread the whole pond.

(2) Canker disease: It is mostly caused by fish injury and malnutrition. It can be treated by external use of bromochlorohydantoin (or strong chlorine essence) and oral antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs or allicin.

(3) Fleas and minnows in anchorage. Most of them are caused by clear water in fish ponds, frequent fish in and out, and malnutrition of fish. Special pesticides (such as trichlorfon, pesticide king, etc.). ) can be sprayed 1 ~ 2 times in the whole pool, and anti-inflammatory drugs such as allicin can be taken orally.

When fish diseases are found during fishing, use green fishing drugs, such as biological agents, Chinese herbal medicines, salt, allicin, etc. Don't use fishing drugs with strong toxicity, long efficacy and large residue to avoid poisoning caused by accidental eating by anglers. In addition, special attention should be paid to the withdrawal period of fish medicine. After taking the medicine, we should stop fishing for a period of time to ensure the health and safety of consumers.