What rhetorical device is used in "Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a pearl in the northwest of the motherland"?

This sentence uses metaphor to vividly describe the beauty of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

1. Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddhas Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and went through the Sixteen Kingdoms: Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties. It has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals, and mud paintings. With 2,415 colorful sculptures, it is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world.

2. In 1961, the Mogao Grottoes were announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. The Mogao Grottoes, together with the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and the Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu, are collectively known as the four major grottoes in China.

3. The artistic characteristics of the Mogao Grottoes are mainly reflected in the organic combination of architecture, statues and murals. The structure of the caves can be divided into Zen caves, palace caves, pagoda temple caves, dome caves, shadow caves, etc.; the colored sculptures can be divided into round sculptures, relief sculptures, shadow sculptures, good deeds sculptures, etc.; the mural types can be divided into portrait paintings, sutra paintings and so on. Paintings, story paintings, Buddhist historical site paintings, architectural paintings, landscape paintings, offering paintings, animal paintings, decorative paintings and other different contents systematically reflect the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan More than ten dynasties and various aspects of cultural exchanges between the East and the West have become rare cultural treasures for mankind. ?

4. Mogao Grottoes is also a veritable treasure house of cultural relics. More than 50,000 scrolls, documents, embroideries, and portraits were unearthed in the Sutra Cave, which are of extremely high artistic value. Unfortunately, due to the turbulent society at that time and the corrupt Ming and Qing governments, as well as the neglect of Taoist priest Wang Yuanlu, Due to poor management, almost all of these treasures were stolen abroad. Now, at the foot of Sanwei Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes, the Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center was built by the Dunhuang Academy, replicating parts of the original large cave, making the viewing content of the Mogao Grottoes more colorful.

5. According to the Tang Dynasty book "Li Kerang Reconstructed the Monument of the Buddhist Shrine in Mogao Grottoes", in the second year of Jianyuan of the former Qin Dynasty (366), the monk Lezun passed by this mountain and suddenly saw a golden light shining like thousands of stars. Buddha, so he dug the first cave in the rock wall. After that, Zen Master Fa Liang and others continued to build caves here to practice meditation, which were called "Mogao Grottoes", which means "high places in the desert". Later generations changed its name to "Mogao Grottoes" because "Mo" and "Mo" were interchangeable. Another saying is: Buddhists say that building Buddhist caves has immeasurable merit, but Mo Gao Grottoes means that there is no higher cultivation than building Buddhist caves.

6. The Mogao Grottoes are excavated on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, facing Dangquan in the front and Sanwei Mountain, a branch of the Qilian Mountains in the east. The total length from north to south is 1,680 meters, and there are currently 735 caves built in the past dynasties. They are distributed on cliffs with a height of 15-30 meters, ranging from 1 to 4 floors. It is divided into two areas: south and north. The south area is a place for Buddhist worship activities. There are 492 caves with murals and painted sculptures from various dynasties, more than 2,400 painted sculptures, more than 45,000 square meters of murals, five wooden eaves in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and There is a nine-story building that was rebuilt in the early Republic of China and is the symbol of Mogao Grottoes. There are more than 20 lotus pillars and stupas, and more than 20,000 floor tiles. The 243 caves in the North District (another 5 caves have been included in the 492 North District) are places for monks to practice, live and bury themselves. They have training and living facilities such as earthen kangs, stove pits, flues and walls. There are niches, lampstands, etc., but most of them lack colored sculptures and murals.

7. Each cave in Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating cave architecture, colored sculpture and painting. The largest cave is more than 200 square meters, and the smallest one is less than 1 square meter. The main cave shapes include Zen Grotto, Central Tower Grotto, Buddhist Niche Grotto, Buddhist Altar Grotto, Nirvana Grotto, Seven Buddha Grotto, and Great Statue Grotto. The colorful sculptures that combine sculpture and painting mainly include statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciples, kings of heaven, and powerful men. The forms of colored sculptures include round sculptures, relief sculptures, shadow sculptures, good karma clay, etc. Except for the two giant Buddhas in Cave 96 and 130 and the two reclining Buddhas in Cave 148 and 158, which are clay sculptures with stone bodies, the round sculptures and reliefs are all wood-frame clay sculptures. The Buddha statue is in the center, with disciples, Bodhisattvas, heavenly kings and warriors standing on both sides, ranging from three to eleven.

The 35.6-meter seated Maitreya statue in Cave 96 is the tallest, while the smaller one is more than 10 centimeters.

8. Colored sculptures are the main body of Dunhuang art, including statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciples, kings, kings, warriors, gods, etc. There are various forms of colored sculptures, including round sculptures, relief sculptures, shadow sculptures, good karma sculptures, etc. The highest is 34.5 meters, and the smallest is only about 2 centimeters (the mud, wood and stone statues of Shanye). With its rich themes and superb craftsmanship, it can be called a museum of Buddhist painted sculptures. Cave 17 contains a portrait of the Tang Dynasty Dutong of Hexi Province, as well as a staff-holding attendant painted behind the statue. They are all lifelike, integrating the statue with the murals. It is one of the earliest realistic portraits of eminent monks in my country and has high historical and artistic significance. value.