"Memorial Day for the Volunteers to Fight in North Korea" was the title of my sixth grade speech under the national flag. Please help me write down the content and format.

Korean War - The Glory of the Hundred-Fighted Army

On October 10, 1950, after Zhou Enlai was promised advanced weapons and technical support for the construction of the Soviet Union, he sent more than two million to more than three million Tens of thousands of China's best soldiers went to North Korea as "volunteers" to fight the United Nations army.

The figure of one million casualties was announced as early as N years ago. At that time, our government neither admitted nor denied it. The fundamental reason why non-combat casualties are much higher than normal is insufficient logistical supplies. The difficulties of logistical supplies for overseas wars have been underestimated and preparations are insufficient.

On October 19, 1950, the Volunteer Army secretly entered North Korea to participate in the war. After entering North Korea, the Volunteer Army keenly seized the opportunity of the United Nations Army's arrogance and underestimation of the enemy and the excessively long front line. Since October 25, they launched three consecutive battles and achieved initial victory. Not only did it successfully drive the United Nations troops back south of the 38th parallel and regain Pyongyang, it also captured Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and once reached the farthest point of the entire war - the 37th parallel.

The battlefield situation before a volunteer army entered North Korea

The Inchon landing overwhelmed the Korean People's Army

On September 15, 1950, the U.S. Navy and the 1st Marine Division The Inchon landing operation was launched. At that time, the main force of the Korean People's Army was concentrated in the Busan Defense Circle, the last line of defense against the US and South Korean forces at the southernmost tip of the peninsula. The force defending Incheon was extremely weak. Therefore, the 1st Marine Division of the US Army completed the consolidation of the beachhead position in less than one day, and then the 7th Infantry Division of the US Army quickly moved inland, cutting off the retreat and supply lines of the main force of the Korean People's Army. This landing operation, known as the "5000:1 gamble" within the US military, instantly overwhelmed the Korean People's Army, which had been attacking continuously for nearly three months. On September 28, the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. Army captured Seoul (now known as Seoul). The U.S. and South Korean troops in the Busan defense circle also took advantage of the situation to counterattack. The main force of the Korean People's Army suffered a heavy blow and retreated to the north in scattered pieces, almost completely lost.

The United Nations military front became full of holes

In order to completely annihilate the Korean People's Army, the U.S. Truman government approved MacArthur's battle plan to cross the 38th parallel and attack northward on September 27. At this stage, the United Nations forces made rapid progress. On October 11, the 3rd Infantry Division of the Korean Army captured Wonsan Port on the east coast, about 100 kilometers north of the 38th parallel; on the 26th, the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. Army again transported by sea to Wonsan Port. After landing at Wonsan, the advance detachment of the South Korean 6th Infantry Division had set off from Wonsan and approached the Yalu River on the China-North Korea border; the US 24th Infantry Division on the left wing had also crossed the Chongchon River and was only more than 100 kilometers away from the Yalu River. In the early stages of the offensive, MacArthur's plan was limited to capturing Pyongyang and Wonsan, annihilating the remaining troops of the Korean People's Army, and then advancing to the "Dingzhou-Ningyuan-Xingnan" line. However, in view of the smooth progress, MacArthur revised the plan several times, and finally set the goal of advancing to the Sino-North Korean border and occupying the entire Korean Peninsula. It was MacArthur's hot-headed command that led to the subsequent disasters of the United Nations Army.

When we open the map of North Korea, we can find that the Korean Peninsula suddenly widens toward the north near the "Dingzhou-Ningyuan-Xingnan" line (called the "Peninsula Bee Waist" within the US military), and the width of the front line changes from 270 kilometers, becomes 765 kilometers. Moreover, the mountains in northern North Korea are stacked on top of each other, and the roads are winding, steep, and narrow. In some places, they are nothing more than winding trails. The elongation of the front and the rapid advance of the troops in multiple directions made the United Nations front at this time described as "riddled with holes," with some gaps as wide as 80 kilometers. These loopholes will inevitably be exploited by the Volunteer Army. Marshal Peng Dehuai later unambiguously called the Volunteer Army's first battle after entering North Korea an "encounter and counter-assault campaign." What is even more serious is that northern North Korea is isolated into two parts, east and west, by the Langlin Mountains. The dense virgin forest prevents the U.S. Army's 10th Army on the Eastern Front and the 8th Army on the Western Front from even establishing basic contact. However, MacArthur completely ignored this geographical restriction and paved the way for the collapse of the 8th Army during the Volunteer Army's second offensive.

The lucky optimism of the entire U.S. military

Although there are many objections within the U.S. government and the U.S. military to MacArthur’s adventurous northward march, it is now the mainstream of U.S. military and political decision-making It was still a fluke, hoping to end the war as soon as possible. Even after the volunteers launched the first battle on October 25, U.S. officials still seemed very optimistic and were busy "refuting rumors" to the Washington media.

In its report on October 30, the U.S. Far East Command even believed that the large number of volunteers had not entered North Korea, and that the participation of a small number of "volunteers" in the war was just a diplomatic trick.

Under the influence of Commander-in-Chief MacArthur, the United Nations combat troops were also filled with an optimistic atmosphere. Most of the middle and lower-level officers did not care about China's participation in the war. The U.S. troops on the front line were divided into battalions and regiments and advanced rapidly. In some places, a company dared to drive north along the highway in a car, as if they were entering an uninhabited country. At this time, the security forces in Pyongyang began to yearn for the happy life when they were stationed in Japan. They were more concerned about when to evacuate North Korea than China's participation in the war. The elongation of the front line, the harsh geographical conditions, the luck of the high-level, and the arrogance of the grassroots underestimating the enemy. It can be said that the performance of an army before the war is usually complete. At this time, the US military is fully equipped. The next thing is only for the volunteers to perform.

The First, Second and Third Battles of the Three Resistances to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea

China has been intensively preparing to participate in the war. In July, China established the Northeast Frontier Defense Force, including the 38th, 39th, The 40th, 42nd and other four armies, these troops are the main forces of the Fourth Field Army and have been tested for a long time in the domestic liberation war. At 17:30 on October 19, the 40th Army, the first batch of volunteers, crossed the Yalu River and secretly entered North Korea under the cover of night.

Abstract: The volunteers who entered North Korea launched three consecutive battles starting from October 25, inflicting heavy losses on the United Nations forces led by the US military. They not only drove them back to the south of the 38th parallel, but also recovered Pyongyang and captured the Seoul also successfully advanced to the 37th line. In these three battles, the Volunteer Army not only made reasonable use of almost all the exposed weaknesses of the United Nations Army, but also successfully used its own classic tactics such as division, encirclement, and detours. 4. Infantry offensive tactics of the Volunteer Army

Abstract: Many Korean War veterans will use "human sea tactics" to describe and express when describing and recalling the offensive scenes of the Volunteer Army. First of all, human sea tactics are not all about organizing a sea of ??people to carry out a "jade-shattering" brute force charge. [In the Korean War, apart from the more complex models of volunteer infantry weapons, the performance level was not much different from that of the US military. The troops that entered North Korea early were the elite troops of the People's Liberation Army, such as the 13th Corps of the Fourth Field and the 9th Corps of the Sanye. Most of the grassroots officers and soldiers of these troops had participated in the domestic liberation war and had good tactical literacy. In its report, the U.S. 2nd Division described the volunteers' machine gun and mortar firepower as "accurate" once]. Comparison of weapons of infantry companies in China and the United States

Volunteer Army (taking the infantry company of the 39th Army in September 1950 as an example) U.S. Army (taking the U.S. Army Infantry Company in July 1943 as an example)

Rifles 120 pieces and 100 pieces

36 submachine guns and no more than 15 pieces

9 light machine guns and 9 light machine guns (each infantry squad is equipped with 1 Browning automatic rifle as a light machine gun) < /p>

Heavy machine gun 0, 2 7.62mm machine guns, 1 12.7mm machine gun

Several grenades 0

3 60mm mortars

Bazooka 0 3 units

The establishment number exceeds 160 and 193 people

Note: Compared with the huge gap between the Chinese and American army divisions in heavy firearms, the infantry companies of both sides The gap in firepower is not huge. The US military only has a clear advantage in heavy machine guns.

Description of "Human Sea Tactics"

When it comes to the performance of the Volunteer Army in the Korean War, many people will think of "Human Sea Tactics." Many U.S. military veterans who participated in the Korean War have this description - they attacked in waves of dozens of people, defeated one wave, and the next wave continued to attack regardless of sacrifice. Another wave followed not far away, and then another wave followed. More people and waves follow. The whole scene was like countless troops lining up and rushing toward their platoon's position. This description will undoubtedly leave people with the impression that the volunteers are cruel and ruthless, treating the lives of soldiers as trivial. At the same time, it also makes people doubt the tactical literacy and tactical level of this army.

The roundabout tactics of the Five Volunteers

Abstract: Among the three battles, the greatest result was the second battle, and the success of the second battle was precisely due to the execution of roundabout missions The 38th Army intervened at critical moments and finally blocked the retreat of the 2nd U.S. Division, causing the overall collapse of the U.S. military on the western front.

However, the Volunteer Army, whose main body is infantry, also has its fragile side that is difficult to overcome when executing this tactic. First, it has limited ammunition and heavy firepower. Second, because it goes deep behind the enemy, it faces the danger of being attacked from both sides and even being surrounded by numerous counterattacks.

Interspersed detours can disintegrate the enemy's defense line

Therefore, after the Volunteer Army selects the weak links of the enemy's position to form an initial breakthrough, it will continue to develop in depth and attack the next exposed enemy. Attacking the army's flank positions is called a "circuit and insertion" tactic. This tactic can break through a battalion's frontal defense line at multiple points, and the results can be devastating.

The Volunteer Army's "insertion and detour" tactics matured during the Civil Liberation War. It started with small-scale and deep insertion at the company and platoon level, and later developed to the entire regiment, the entire division, and even the entire army. The large-scale and deep penetration of the (column) was roundabout, and finally formed a battle of annihilation surrounded by heavy troops. The Battle of Menglianggu, which annihilated the reorganized 74th Division of the Kuomintang Army, was the beginning of this deep penetration tactic. In the second battle of the Korean War, the 113th Division of the 38th Army forcibly penetrated 72.5 kilometers in 14 hours, cutting off the initial retreat of the US 2nd Division and making the first contribution to the battle.

The fragile side of the roundabout tactics

In fact, the use of foot infantry as the main body was originally a disadvantage of the Volunteer Army. However, the special terrain of North Korea's mountainous and dense forests gave the lightly-armed Volunteer Army a comparative advantage. The US military has more flexible mobility capabilities. Of course, the insertion and detour tactics also have a very fragile side. The troops tasked with the insertion task have to penetrate deep into the enemy's front line and carry limited heavy firepower; their weak flanks are also exposed to the enemy, and they may even face enemy reinforcements and It was a difficult situation for the retreating troops to be attacked from both sides.

The ground troops of the 8th Army of the U.S. Western Front fought on the European battlefield during World War II and were rarely exposed to the deep penetration style of the Volunteer Army, so they seemed very uncomfortable in the early days of the Korean War. However, the 1st Marine Division of the US Army on the Eastern Front performed far better than the Army due to its long-term jungle warfare with the Japanese on the Pacific battlefield. Its units often encountered small-scale flank attacks and encirclement battles. In the battle of Changjin Lake in the second battle, the 1st Marine Division was actually surrounded and divided by three armies of the Volunteer Army, but it still withstood the initial attack of the Volunteer Army through the intensive firepower of the ring defense circle, and finally used a reverse attack. In this way, the entire division broke through the heavy siege of the volunteers.

In the subsequent debate, the most powerful basis for China to win the Korean War was to push the United Nations troops from the Yalu River back to the 38th parallel. Therefore, from this perspective, the honor of winning the Korean War belongs more to the heroic warriors of the volunteers who entered Korea in the early days.