What measures should the owner take to deal with the cost risk in the bidding stage?

(l) The compilation of bill of quantities and tender control price should be "two-part trial".

"Two-part preliminary examination" refers to entrusting two highly qualified cost consulting units to prepare the bill of quantities according to the bidding documents, drawings and other related materials, and making corrections based on one of the bill of quantities after organizing comparative review. At the same time, the two cost consulting units prepare bidding control prices respectively according to the revised bill of quantities. After comparison and review, the bidding control price compiled by the two companies was determined as the bidding control price on the basis of one error, and obvious omissions, repetitions and calculation errors were corrected.

If the owner prepares the bill of quantities and the tender control price by himself instead of entrusting it, he can ask all bidders to re-check the bill of quantities and the tender control price after the tender documents are issued, and the controversial issues will be discussed at the pre-bid meeting. After discussion, the bill of quantities and tender control price are not allowed to be modified in the process of bid evaluation and construction, which can reduce the cost increase caused by the adjustment of quantities in the construction process to a certain extent.

(2) Choose the contract type reasonably and entrust professional contract personnel to draw up the contract terms.

Generally speaking, the choice of project contract pricing type depends on three factors, that is, the controllability of project risk by the transaction subject, the source of project risk and the complexity of the project. For conventional engineering projects with short construction period and simple construction technology, from the perspective of risk control, the total contract method should be adopted to encourage contractors to improve their efforts and achieve the owner's goals.

When drafting the special terms and conditions of the contract, select a professional organization to draft. The contract written by professionals will use the model text as much as possible, and consider the rigor and perfection of the language of the contract terms as much as possible, so as to reduce the ambiguity and omission of the contract terms and facilitate the exchange and communication between the two parties.

(3) Limit excessive unbalanced quotation

Unbalanced quotation is a common strategy used by bidders in bidding quotation. If the bidders are too unbalanced, it will inevitably harm the interests of the owners and other bidders. In order to limit the bidders' excessively unbalanced quotation, it can be indicated in the tender documents that "the quotation with the cumulative amount of items lower than the normal quotation assessed by the judges and exceeding a certain percentage (such as 5%) of its quotation without reasonable explanation can be judged as the quotation below the cost, which is a waste bid." By analogy, bidders are encouraged to adopt unbalanced quotation strategy and dare not excessively low or high prices.

Through the above measures, we can prevent some cost risks, reasonably determine the contract price, lay a good foundation for cost control in the construction stage, and thus realize the goal of cost risk management in this stage.

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