What are the functions of the Beijing Bird's Nest Olympic Stadium?

The "Bird's Nest" shape structure is mainly composed of a huge portal steel frame, with a total of 24 truss columns. The hoisting of 20 whole truss columns and 2 lower columns has been completed. In addition, the hoisting of the main trusses of the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the facade secondary structures have been fully launched. The steel used in the "Bird's Nest" steel structure is up to 11 centimeters thick and has never been produced domestically before. In addition, a translucent film will be affixed to the outer surface of the grid structure on top of the "Bird's Nest". After using this kind of film, the light in the stadium does not come in directly, but is diffused and reflected, making the light softer. The resulting diffuse light can also solve the maintenance problem of the lawn in the stadium, and at the same time, it can also protect the seats from wind and rain. Function.

Many people who have seen the "Bird's Nest" design model describe it this way: It is a warm Bird's Nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 100,000 people woven out of branch-like steel mesh! The "nest" used to nurture and protect life embodies mankind's hope for the future.

The components of the entire stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like structure. The appearance looks like a bird's nest woven from branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with a transparent membrane material, which contains An earthy red bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollowing techniques, ceramic textures, brilliance and warmth of red in traditional Chinese culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design.

The entire building is connected through a giant mesh structure. There is no column inside. The stand is a complete bowl-shaped shape without any obstruction, like a huge container, giving the stadium incredible drama and unparalleled uniqueness. Shocking power. This uniform and continuous ring will also give spectators the best view, drive their excitement, and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher, and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position.

What is even more ingenious is that the "Bird's Nest" slightly raises the outdoor terrain of the entire stadium and places many ancillary facilities below the terrain. This avoids the huge investment in digging earth and the uplift. The slope gently descends at the edge of the outdoor square, and 2,000 open-air seats are built into the warm-up venue according to the trend, which organically integrates with the surrounding environment and once again saves investment.

Guan Zhaoye, chairman of the evaluation committee and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, commented that this building does not have any superfluous processing, everything creates an image due to its function, and the architectural form and structural details are naturally unified.

The jury and many other architectural experts believe that the "Bird's Nest" will not only establish a unique and historic landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games, but will also have groundbreaking significance in the history of world architectural development. , will provide historical witness to the development of architecture in China and the world in the 21st century.

It is not easy to design and build the "Bird's Nest", and it is even more difficult to make the "Bird's Nest" full of vitality and vitality in the days to come. According to reports, from the beginning of the design of the "Bird's Nest" and the process of deepening the design, the concepts of frugal hosting of the Olympics and sustainable development have been running through it. On the premise of meeting the Olympic functions, the balance of permanent facilities and temporary facilities has been fully considered. According to the requirements, the "Bird's Nest" will have 100,000 seats, of which 80,000 are permanent and the other 20,000 are temporarily added during the Olympics.

On this basis, the design combines the function of the "Bird's Nest" with the future positioning of the surrounding areas and even the mid- and long-term development plans of the entire city. According to the determined planning plan, the central area of ??the Olympic Park where the "Bird's Nest" is located will become a public activity center for citizens after the games, integrating sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping. As the main stadium for the Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird's Nest" will become one of Beijing's landmark buildings and will also become a tourist hotspot for a long time. At the same time, during the design and construction of the "Bird's Nest", great efforts have been made on the multi-functionality of the venue and space to improve the efficiency of venue utilization. In addition to being able to undertake openings, closings and sports competitions, it will also cater to fitness, business, exhibitions, Various demands such as performances have laid a solid foundation for the successful implementation of "post-Olympic development".

The National Stadium, the main stadium for the Beijing Olympics, will use solar photovoltaic power generation systems.

Green Olympics, Science and Technology Olympics, and Humanistic Olympics are the three major themes of the Beijing Olympics. This time, Suntech's solar photovoltaic power generation system was settled in the "Bird's Nest", integrating clean and environmentally friendly solar power generation with the National Stadium. It is not only a reflection of the three major themes of the Beijing Olympics. It is an excellent embodiment and will play a positive role in promoting the use of green energy, effectively controlling and reducing air pollution in Beijing and surrounding areas, and promoting a green and environmentally friendly lifestyle. The solar photovoltaic power generation system technology is currently at the world's advanced level. The solar power generation system was independently developed by Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. and provided exclusively to the National Stadium. It is installed on the 12 main channels of the National Stadium with a total investment of 10 million yuan. The total capacity is 130 kilowatts, which will be a good supplement to the power supply of the National Stadium.

Supplement:

The weather is hot in Beijing in August. 91,000 people sit in a stadium to watch the game. How to increase the comfort.

"Bird's Nest" After many demonstrations, the Chinese designers borrowed a computer CFD simulation method in fluid mechanics design to conduct simulation analysis experiments on thermal comfort and wind comfort of the "Bird's Nest" auditorium. It can accurately simulate the steel structure and membrane structure of the "Bird's Nest", simulate the natural ventilation conditions when 91,000 people watch the game at the same time, and calculate the temperature and humidity airflow speed that the spectators in each area can feel, and use it on the drawings Marked in different colors. Now, all the ventilation facilities of the "Bird's Nest" are the result of adjustments and optimizations based on the drawings of foreign designers based on this simulation analysis. Whether the audience is sitting in the upper bleachers or the lower bleachers, in ordinary seats or VIP seats, they can enjoy natural light and natural wind, achieving a better level of comfort.

The designers of South China University of Technology communicated with the national team’s head coach Li Yongbo and Lin Dan, Zhang Ning and other players, and asked them which competition venue design fully meets the requirements of badminton and is hard to fault. Something wrong? Everyone said that they really didn’t remember it. ——It’s no wonder that of all the high-level stadiums in the world that can hold major competitions, almost none are specially designed for badminton competitions.

With no precedent to draw from, the Chinese can only rely on the Chinese to find their own solutions.

After many discussions, it was decided to adopt an air-conditioning design with air supply under the auditorium, which means adding air-conditioning air supply ducts in the stands to allow cool air to blow out from under the audience's seats. Under every two seats, there are three air outlets with a diameter of 13 cm each. There are more than 10,000 such air outlets in the entire stadium.

Adopting such a design has two benefits: first, it reduces the wind speed. The wind speed is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of ??the air outlet duct. If one air outlet is "decomposed" into more than 10,000 air outlets, the wind speed will of course be smaller; secondly, the impact of the air-conditioning wind direction on the athletes on the field will be avoided. Generally, the air supply duct of the air conditioner in the gymnasium is on the roof. The wind blows down from above and then blows to the auditoriums on all sides. The cold air will form a vortex airflow in the process of turning from the top to the side, which will affect the flight path of the badminton. Now it will The air outlet is designed under the auditorium and the return air outlet is designed between the two auditoriums to avoid the generation of vortex airflow.

Breaking air under the table is easier said than done. Below the auditorium of the stadium is actually the audience gathering hall, where restrooms, lounges and many functional rooms are located, and air-conditioning ducts must pass through these rooms. The unique appearance of the Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium requires that the building not be too high. If pipes are added to the roof, the space used in these rooms will become smaller. Moreover, these rooms have different functions and require different pipes. In order to avoid air supply ducts and maximize the use of the limited space, Chinese designers made repeated revisions. Compared with the original drawings, the final design plan had almost all the rooms moved.

Not only has the air conditioning been worked hard, but the position of each door has been carefully considered. In the original drawings, for the convenience of evacuation, the doors of the rest hall and the auditorium were opposite to each other. Later, some experts pointed out that if two doors are opened at the same time during the game, drafts will be formed and the game on the field will be affected. The designers immediately made modifications and staggered the position of the door.

After various improvements, the wind speed in the badminton hall can now be controlled below 0.2 meters/second, fully complying with the requirements of the International Badminton Federation.

In addition to ensuring that athletes can perform at their best competitive level, it can also ensure the comfort of the auditorium - the temperature in the auditorium is between 25°C and 27°C, while in the stadium it is 26°C to 28°C. Relying on their own wisdom, the Chinese have successfully solved the "old problem" that has plagued the international badminton world for many years.