Chongqing information 1 127! ! Hurry up!

Chongqing Bombing refers to the strategic bombing of Chongqing, the wartime capital of China, by China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression for five and a half years from February 1938 to August 23 1943. According to incomplete statistics, in five years, Japan bombed Chongqing twice18 times, dispatched more than 9,000 planes and dropped more than 500 bombs1/kloc-0. More than 65,438+00,000 people were killed by bombers in Chongqing. More than 65,438+07,600 houses were destroyed, and most of the urban areas were destroyed. The Japanese air raid on Chongqing was the first strategic bombing in history after the Spanish Civil War1April 1937, when the Germans bombed guernica civilians. Its purpose is to destroy the morale of the other party's resistance by causing a large number of civilian casualties.

catalogue

Brief introduction of Chongqing bombing

After the May 3rd and May 4th explosions,

August 19 bombing

The sixth five-year tunnel massacre

finally

Strategic significance

China fought back.

Experts talk about Chongqing bombing

The list of 5000 victims has been confirmed.

Building "Five Ones" and Facing the World

Carry forward Chongqing people's anti-Japanese war spirit

After the May 3rd and May 4th explosions,

August 19 bombing

The sixth five-year tunnel massacre

finally

Strategic significance

China fought back.

Experts talk about Chongqing bombing

The list of 5000 victims has been confirmed.

Building "Five Ones" and Facing the World

Carry forward the anti-Japanese spirit of Chongqing people

Began to edit this introduction of Chongqing bombing.

After that, Germany attacked Coventry, England in World War II. The British and American air strikes against Germany are all the same. When Japan bombed Chongqing, it used a large number of incendiary bombs for the first time to burn houses in the urban area. By the end of World War II, the United States also used the same means to deal with Japan, burning and bombing Japan on a large scale.

Edit this article

1937 After the July 7th Incident, China launched War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 165438+ 10 in June, the national army of Songhu lost the war of resistance against Japan, Nanjing was in crisis, and the national government

Moved to Chongqing as the wartime capital from165438+1October 20th.

The May 3rd and May 4th bombings.

From 1938 to 1938, Japan initially bombed Chongqing. There are fewer sorties, most of which are army aviation. 1938+00 After the Japanese army captured Wuhan in June, in February, 65438+2, the Japanese army headquarters ordered the Central China Army to start implementing "air invasion to attack the enemy's strategic center and carry out air annihilation war" in Chongqing, announcing that the Japanese army officially carried out strategic bombing of Chongqing, with the purpose of shocking Chongqing as the wartime capital and hitting the China government's will to resist the Japanese war. In the same year, from the end of 65438+February, the army began a strategic bombing of Chongqing. 1939 May, bombed by the navy. On May 3rd and 4th, Japanese planes took off from Wuhan and bombed the central area of Chongqing one by one, using a large number of incendiary bombs. Two days after the fire in the center of Chongqing, the commercial street was burnt into ruins, with 399 1 person dead, 2,323 injured, 4,889 buildings damaged and about 200,000 people homeless. Arhat Temple and Chang'an Temple were also swallowed up by the fire, as well as foreign embassies in China, such as foreign churches, Britain and France, and even the German embassy with Nazi Party party flag was not spared. [ 1]

August 19 bombing

1940 In May, the Japanese base camp launched "Battle 10 1", and Lu Haijun bombed the rear area of China at the same time. The army is dominated by Yuncheng, Shanxi. 194 1 Chongqing air-raid shelter suffocation tragedy.

The main base of the navy is Hankou. More than 2000 Japanese planes bombed Chongqing. In August 2009, the explosion of 65438+ was particularly tragic. The Japanese navy invested 140 bombers, and more than 2,000 houses in Chongqing were destroyed. By 1940, the Japanese dropped 4333 tons of bombs in Chongqing.

The sixth five-year tunnel massacre

194 1 At the beginning of the year, before launching the Pacific War, the Japanese concentrated on air strikes against China and launched a large-scale bombing called "Battle 102". 65438 10 to August, more than 3000 planes attacked Chongqing, including night air strikes. On June 5, Chongqing was bombed for several hours from evening to midnight. Some vents of a major air-raid shelter in Chongqing were blown down, resulting in insufficient ventilation (according to survivors' memories, traitors sent signals to the Japanese plane that day, and the Japanese bombed the hole and vents in a targeted manner), and citizens in the hole squeezed into the hole because of breathing difficulties, causing people to trample on each other, and a large number of refugees suffocated and died. It is estimated that thousands of people died (at that time, the official did not announce the authoritative casualty figures). )。

finally

194 1 year later, in order to prepare for the Pacific War, the main force of Lu Haijun Air Force withdrew from China. After that, there was only sporadic bombing of Chongqing. 1943 After August, the Japanese army was unable to attack Chongqing, and the Chongqing bombing came to an end.

The strategic significance of editing this paragraph

The bombing of the central city of Chongqing after the air raid is one of the important examples of the large-scale bombing of the capitals of the participating countries during World War II. China Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department Building.

People hope to make China's soldiers and civilians surrender through deterrent bombing. However, after the August 19th bombing, the National Government issued a national government order, officially confirming Chongqing as the "capital" and "Chongqing will always be the capital of China after the return of the capital", expressing its determination to carry out the war of resistance to the end. As retaliation, after 1944, the US B-29 bomber took off from Shuangliu Airport in Chengdu, China, and Japan, which was almost destroyed in the air raid, paid a heavy price for this war.

Edit this piece of China's counterattack

Jiang Zhongzheng visited the city to boost morale.

The Soviet Aviation Volunteer Corps entered Chongqing in June 1938+00 and began to counter the Japanese bombing. More than 20 I-15 and I-16 fighters fought with more than 80 Japanese fighters and bombers and shot down dozens of enemy planes. American Volunteer Corps of the Republic of China Air Force (Flying Tigers). Republic of China Air Force.

Edit this paragraph. Experts talk about Chongqing bombing.

On the 4th, two experts who studied the history of "Chongqing Bombing" told reporters about the history of "Chongqing Bombing". Experts here said that the years from 1939 to 194 1 were the three years in which Chongqing suffered the worst losses from the "big bombing". During this period, the air defense alarm sounded for 7 days and the fire burned for 3 days. Pan Xun, executive deputy director of Chongqing Anti-Japanese War Home Front Research Center and a professor at Southwest University, said that in June of1937+0/kloc-0, the national government moved to Chongqing, and Chongqing became the political, military, economic and cultural center of China's home front during the Anti-Japanese War. For this reason, during the six years from 1938 to 1944, the Japanese invaders bombed Chongqing most savagely, with the largest number of times, the largest scale, the longest duration and the heaviest losses. Among them, 1939 to194/kloc. Four "big bombing, 194 1 year" six? "Five Tunnel Tragedy", the victims of two tragedies exceeded 1000. Statistics show that the "big bombing" for six consecutive years has caused the death of about 30 thousand compatriots in the main city of Chongqing. During the "big bombing" period, air defense alarms often sounded over Chongqing, and it was almost normal for ordinary people to "hide the alarm" and "drill an air-raid shelter". According to historical records, due to the large number of incendiary bombs dropped by the Japanese army in the bombing, more than 20 square kilometers of tiny land in Yuzhong District of Chongqing ignited 16 fires in one day, and some fires could not be put out in three days. 1941From August 8 to 16, the air defense alarm sounded intermittently over Chongqing for 7 consecutive days, not exceeding 6 hours. Wang Chuanping, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and honorary curator of the China Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing, said that in the face of the frightening "bombing", the slogan "The more you bomb, the braver you are" can be seen everywhere in Chongqing, and the enthusiasm of Chongqing for donating money and materials for the war of resistance against Japan is also extremely high. In addition, the "big bombing" also made the "fog season performance" come into being in Chongqing. According to reports, the "fog season performance" is from autumn to spring. At this time, Chongqing is shrouded in fog, and it is difficult for Japanese fighters to bomb. Chongqing organized literary actors and the masses to perform dramas, operas and other literary performances, which greatly inspired the frontline soldiers and civilians at that time. Anti-Japanese war morale. Pan Xun said that since 1998, Chongqing has mourned the victims of the "6.5 bombing" by sounding air defense alarms every year. In this regard, he stressed that Chongqing's mourning for the victims of the bombing is not to chew the suffering and continue the hatred, but to remember history, cherish peace and prevent the tragedy from repeating itself.

Edit this paragraph and confirm the list of 5000 victims.

Pan Xun said that although it is difficult to find the names of compatriots killed in the bombing, this work has been going on. The investigation team, composed of volunteers and staff of the Museum of Literature and History, searched some files provided by Chongqing Archives and Southwest University Archives, especially obtaining the list of victims by issuing pension lists. "The specific name, place or address of death." Pan Xun said that according to this principle, more than 5,000 people have been found, and these victims are mainly concentrated in urban areas, Hechuan, Jiangjin and Beibei. In the future, a monument will be built for the victims of the bombing, and their names will be engraved on the monument, while keeping a blank and constantly supplementing the names discovered later.

Edit this paragraph to create "five ones" for the world.

As a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Wang Chuanping suggested that the anti-Japanese war resources should face the world and mankind, and there should be "five ones": a China Anti-Japanese War Museum, a Victory Square, a monument, a world peace park and a

Edit this paragraph to carry forward the anti-Japanese spirit of Chongqing people.

Pan Xun said that in the past, there was much research on Japanese atrocities, and now more research should be done on Chongqing people's anti-Japanese spirit. The indiscriminate bombing of the Japanese invaders not only failed to make the Chongqing people yield, but "the more they bombed, the stronger they became." In the face of the enemy's invasion, the anti-Japanese war spirit, patriotism and national spirit displayed by Chongqing people are all worth learning and carrying forward. Pan Xun said that commemorating the 65th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War is not to continue hatred and grievances, but to learn from history and avoid repeating the same mistakes.