"4.25" blackboard poster for hepatitis B vaccine: Why is there no antibody wherever the needle hits?

is positive. But. This situation often occurs: the vaccine is administered three times according to the prescribed time, but after a few months, the five indicators of hepatitis B virus (commonly known as two and a half) are rechecked, and the vaccine effect is like a mud cow drowning in the sea without a trace - hepatitis B surface antibodies are never produced. . For this reason, many people are confused and afraid - it will not work without vaccination, and there will be no reaction after vaccination. Hepatitis B in daily life can be retested by enzyme-linked immunoassay or radioimmunoassay. Because the testing methods in some places are not advanced or sensitive, false negative results are obtained. Traces of surface antibodies are found. At this time, the dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be increased (10 micrograms each time), injected once a month, up to 3 times. At the same time, the injection of hepatitis B vaccine combined with other immune stimulating drugs, such as polyporus polysaccharide, BCG vaccine, etc., is considered to improve the immune effect. If surface antibodies are still not produced after vaccination, the PCR (in vitro nucleic acid amplification technology) method can be used to detect hepatitis B virus nucleic acid (HBV-DNA) in the serum of the vaccinated person. Because a small number of patients are actually infected with hepatitis B virus, but their hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production is very small and cannot be detected using existing detection methods, or the hepatitis B virus has mutated and does not react with ordinary reagents. There may be other reasons as well. Although these patients have been infected with the hepatitis B virus, they do not produce an immune response and their bodies are in a state of immune tolerance. In this case, they will not produce surface antibodies if they are injected with the hepatitis B vaccine again. Other liver virus markers, such as core antibodies (anti-HBc), e-antibodies, e-antigens, etc., may be tested to see if they are positive. If it is positive, it means that you are infected with the virus. In this case, further injection of hepatitis B vaccine may not produce anti-HBs. Law comes into play. In addition, some people infected with hepatitis B virus have different subtypes of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. There are many subtypes. The hepatitis B vaccine is designed for the main virus subtypes, so it is inevitable that there are subtypes that cannot be taken into account. If it is a rarer virus subtype, the hepatitis B vaccine will not have a protective effect. If the hepatitis B vaccine does not produce antibodies, an additional course of treatment can be given; if antibodies have not yet been produced, attention should be paid to ruling out whether there is latent or low-level hepatitis B virus infection, and whether there is any hepatitis B virus mutation. The above review work must be carried out in a regular hospital with a higher level.