What are the main points of tunnel supervision and its management methods?

Tunnel engineering belongs to underground structure, and there are many kinds, and the construction technology of building underground structure is also varied, which has the characteristics of great geological change, narrow site, small working face, complex working procedures and bad working environment for construction supervision. But after the underground structure is completed, we can only see the appearance, and the state inside and behind the structure is hidden. Strictly speaking, underground engineering is a concealed engineering. Tunnel engineering should be "real inside and beautiful outside", that is to say, concealed engineering should leave no future trouble. How to carry out supervision work to ensure the quality of tunnel engineering? According to the characteristics of tunnel engineering, this paper analyzes and summarizes the main points of tunnel supervision and its management methods, and should realize the "inner reality and outer beauty" of tunnel with the quality control method centered on "inspection". First of all, we should know and understand the characteristics of tunnel engineering. Tunnel engineering has its unique construction characteristics, which can be summarized as: 1. After the concealed large tunnel is completed, only its appearance can be seen, but the smooth blasting effect, shotcrete, anchor rod, steel grating, steel arch, waterproof and drainage circumferential water pipe, waterproof board, central water pipe and the thickness of secondary lining of initial support are all concealed. Therefore, the essence of tunnel engineering quality is "internal reality", that is to say, the quality of concealed engineering should be implemented, leaving no future trouble; 2. The process is complex, and drilling, charging, blasting and slag discharge should be completed in a limited space; Shotcrete and anchor construction for initial support (drilling and installing anchor); Install circular water pipes for waterproofing and drainage. Central water pipe excavation and installation, waterproof board hanging, side ditch construction, second lining construction, cushion construction, etc. The processes intersect and restrict each other. 3. The process starts from excavation and circulates: drilling-charging-blasting-ventilation-slag discharge; Initial support: initial concrete spraying-drilling anchor holes-installing anchor rods-re-spraying concrete; The positioning of the second lining trolley-pouring concrete ... The repeated construction of each process forms the cycle of tunnel construction. 4. The influence of geological conditions In the process of mountain tunnel construction, they are all restricted by geological conditions, and often encounter geological structural phenomena such as folds, faults and joints. Faults and joints are important factors affecting the stability of rock mass, and are also the main basis for evaluating the classification of surrounding rock of tunnels. Moreover, many unfavorable geology and geological disasters in construction are closely related to geological structures. 5. Dynamic strain of construction Due to the limitations of geological exploration and the complexity and variability of geological conditions, sudden changes and emergencies of geological conditions (such as collapse and water leakage) are often encountered during tunnel construction, and the original construction scheme, construction technical measures and construction progress must also be changed accordingly. 6. All-weather tunnels operate 24 hours a day, regardless of day and night and weather. Second, the main points of tunnel supervision can be summarized as follows: First, the quality of the project is hidden; Second, the pressure of geological conditions on construction; Third, the influence of all-weather operation on supervisors. Every sub-project, sub-project and process of tunnel engineering is hidden, so it is required to carefully supervise every sub-project, every process and every link to ensure the quality is qualified, otherwise it will cause quality hidden dangers. In order to adapt to the characteristics of tunnel construction, the main points of supervision work are as follows: 1. The quality requirements of tunnel supervision (1) require supervisors to have a high sense of responsibility and good professional ethics, and dare to strictly follow the quality standards and design and adhere to the principles when independently performing supervision tasks; (2) Tunnel engineering is a highly comprehensive technical work. With the change of geological conditions, especially when there is unfavorable geology, it needs decisive adaptability, so supervisors are required to have comprehensive relevant scientific knowledge; (3) Practical experience in construction technology is very important, which requires supervisors to integrate theory with practice, analyze and put forward the ability to deal with problems; (4) The tunnel construction is uninterrupted for 24 hours, and the inspection frequency is quite high. Therefore, supervisors are required to have the spirit of hard work. 2. Quality control method (1) To supervise a project before construction, it is necessary to check its preparation work. Through experience, we can predict what quality problems will appear in this process, so as to provide the attention of the construction unit and avoid the loss of rework. For example, the second lining construction is prone to local under-excavation, resulting in insufficient thickness of the second lining. In this regard, before the trolley is about to move, carry out visual inspection, and put forward a retest to the construction unit in time to prevent rework caused by later discovery. This is the role of prior supervision. (2) In the process, the supervisor will patrol the work site, such as the formwork supporting process of the second lining wall, actively check whether the thickness of the side wall is qualified, and handle the problems in time when found. (3) Inspection for inspection is the key work of the whole quality control. All subdivisional work and subdivisional work must be inspected and accepted before construction, and can only be started after passing the supervision inspection. It can be clearly seen from the circular map of the inspection park that all sub-projects and sub-projects need to be inspected to control their quality. Ignoring or omitting any inspection will lead to the supervision losing control of the quality, thus causing quality hidden dangers. Therefore, the implementation of inspection procedures is the core work of quality control. Three. Perform check: 1. Establish "inspection system and its management measures", and establish specific inspection management measures in combination with this project. The content should be refined to each sub-project, and the inspection procedures and management should be defined, and the responsibilities of self-inspection personnel and supervision personnel should be defined; 2. The implementation of inspection and quarantine system is the key to the success of the whole work. As can be seen from the "Inspection and Quarantine Park Circle Map", the frequency of inspection and quarantine is very high, and human factors can be increased several times. There are often 24-hour uninterrupted inspections, which makes it very difficult to implement the inspection system; 3. Adhere to the inspection procedure: Only after the relevant personnel in charge of construction in the project department pass the self-inspection, can the inspection be submitted to the supervisor, otherwise the supervisor has the right to reject it. 4. Information management: establish a supervision shift log, and the inspection data must be recorded in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner for future reference. 4. Conclusion The concealment of tunnel engineering determines that the quality of any partial project should be carefully supervised, and the most effective way of supervision is through the implementation of inspection report system, otherwise the quality will be out of control, so "inspection report" is the core work of quality control. Supervisors should try their best to ensure that the tunnel project reaches the overall quality standard of "inner reality and outer beauty".

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