What is the purpose of occupational health knowledge training and education?

(1) Occupational health training and education system. In order to improve the knowledge level of occupational health, the awareness and ability of occupational disease protection, and the consciousness of preventing and controlling occupational hazards, we must vigorously implement occupational health knowledge and training and education. With the reform of employment system and the increase of labor demand, a large number of mobile professional groups have emerged, and a large number of rural laborers have entered employers to engage in production activities. Most of these workers come from relatively poor rural areas, with low general education level, lack of necessary understanding of occupational hazards and weak awareness of self-protection. Because the floating professional population is mostly at the age of marriage and childbearing, their health may be endangered by occupational diseases, and their descendants may be injured or lose their fertility.

If the employer fails to establish the system of occupational health publicity, training and education, and fails to educate the workers on occupational health, the knowledge of occupational health will not be popularized, and the workers will suffer occupational hazards due to ignorance.

If the person in charge and management of the employing unit know little about occupational health, it will lead to insufficient attention to occupational health and occupational disease prevention, and lack of consciousness and consciousness of taking protective measures for workers' occupational health, which is also one of the reasons for serious occupational hazards.

Therefore, it is necessary to carry out occupational health training for workers and employers. At the same time, it is also a safeguard measure for workers to realize the right to know about occupational health.

The following aspects are the contents and requirements of safety and health education and training for workers:

(1) Have the necessary knowledge of production safety. The first is the knowledge of laws and regulations about safety production and occupational disease prevention. There are many contents about safety production and occupational disease prevention in Chinese laws and regulations, which are the summary of many years' experience in safety production and the work guide and code of conduct for production and business units to do a good job in safety production. Practitioners must understand and master these contents.

Secondly, it is about the safety knowledge in the process of safe production. Production and operation is a complex system engineering, involving design, production, transportation, storage, operation and many other links. No matter where there is a problem, an accident may happen. As the specific operators of production and business activities, employees must master the safety knowledge related to production. Only in this way can we ensure the production safety of production and business units and the life safety and health of employees themselves.

There is also knowledge about accident emergency rescue and escape. Employees should be able to use the emergency rescue and escape knowledge they have learned and take reasonable emergency measures to avoid unnecessary secondary injuries.

(2) Master the safety and health operation skills of this position. A unit consists of posts. If every post is safe, the whole production and business operation unit will be safe. Therefore, safety in production is the foundation of the whole production and business operation unit, and the production and business operation unit must pay close attention to the education and training of safety in production, so that employees can master the safety operation rules and procedures of their posts, improve their safety operation skills and reduce the accident rate of each production post. Those who are not serious about safety production education and training, have poor safety operation skills and fail to pass the examination are resolutely not allowed to take up their posts. At the same time, measures should be taken to encourage workers in production posts to carry out various safety knowledge and skills competitions to improve the level of safe operation. Only by doing a good job in the safety of all work can we ensure the safety of production and business units.

The training of workers' occupational health knowledge is the basis of improving workers' awareness of self-protection and consciously resisting violations of laws and regulations on occupational disease prevention and control, and is one of the measures to realize workers' health rights and interests. Therefore, the employer should provide occupational health knowledge training for new employees and employees who change their jobs or work contents before taking up their posts, and untrained personnel shall not be arranged to take up their posts. After the workers take up their posts, the employing units shall also regularly organize occupational health training during their posts in accordance with relevant regulations to popularize occupational health knowledge. At the same time, the employing unit shall urge the workers to abide by the laws, regulations, rules and operating procedures of occupational disease prevention and control, and guide the workers to correctly use occupational health protection equipment and personal occupational disease protection articles. The employer shall not neglect management, supervision and guidance.

(3) It is the obligation and right of workers to receive occupational health knowledge training. Laborers have the obligation to learn and master relevant occupational health knowledge, abide by the laws, regulations, rules and operating rules of occupational disease prevention and control, correctly use and maintain occupational disease protection equipment and personal occupational disease protection articles, and once potential occupational disease hazards are discovered, they shall immediately report to the relevant departments.

If the laborer fails to perform his obligations, the employing unit shall criticize and educate the laborer. This requires employers to establish perfect management rules and regulations to urge workers to fulfill their obligations. If the laborer refuses to perform his obligations, the employer may take necessary measures in accordance with the rules and regulations.

(2) the form of safety and health education and training. The first importance of safety and health education is to improve the sense of responsibility and consciousness of organization managers and employees in safety production, and help them correctly understand and learn occupational safety and health laws and regulations and basic knowledge. The second is to popularize and improve the safety technical knowledge of employees and enhance their safety operation skills, so as to protect the safety and health of themselves and others and promote the development of productive forces.

The forms of organizing safety and health education generally include: occupational safety and health education for managers, occupational safety and health education for special personnel, occupational safety and health education for employees and regular occupational safety and health education.

① Occupational safety and health education for managers. The legal representative, factory director and manager of the enterprise should mainly accept the education of the national guidelines, policies, laws and regulations on occupational safety and health and laws and regulations on industrial injury insurance; Safety production management responsibilities, rules and regulations, enterprise occupational safety and health management knowledge and safety culture education; Education on accident cases and emergency measures.

The contents of occupational safety and health education for technical cadres mainly include: occupational safety and health guidelines, policies, laws and regulations; Basic knowledge of safety technology in this industry, responsibility system for production safety in this position, and analysis of typical accident cases; System safety engineering knowledge, etc.

The main contents of safety and health education for administrative cadres are occupational safety and health guidelines, policies, laws and regulations; Occupational safety and health technical knowledge and its own responsibility system for production safety.

The education content of occupational safety and health management personnel in enterprises should include: national guidelines, policies, laws and regulations and occupational safety and health standards; Enterprise safety production management, safety technology, occupational health knowledge and safety documents; Laws and regulations on industrial injury insurance; Statistical reports of employee casualty accidents and occupational diseases and investigation and handling procedures; Related accident cases and emergency treatment measures.

The contents of occupational safety and health education for team leaders and safety officers include: occupational safety and health laws and regulations, occupational health and safety cultural knowledge, safety technology, risk factors and skills of teams and groups and some positions, and matters needing attention in enterprises and safety; Safety production responsibilities of this position; Typical accident cases and accident rescue and emergency treatment measures, etc.

② Occupational safety and health education for special operators. Special operations refer to operations that are prone to casualties and have great harm to the safety of operators, others and surrounding facilities. Personnel directly engaged in special operations are called special operations personnel.

According to the national standard "Management Rules for Safety Technology Assessment of Special Operators", there are twelve types of special operators: metal welding and cutting operations; Electrical work; Driving enterprise motor vehicles; Operation of hoisting machinery (including elevators); Boiler operation (including water quality test); Climbing and erection; Refrigeration operation; Pressure vessel operation; Mine ventilation operations (including gas inspection); Blasting operation; Mine drainage operations (tailings dam operations) and other operations that meet the basic definition of special operations.

The basic requirements for special operators are: at least 18 years old; Good health, no diseases and physical defects that hinder the operation of the corresponding type of work; Junior high school education or above, with the knowledge of safety technology of the corresponding type of work, participating in the theoretical and practical assessment of safety technology stipulated by the state and passing the examination; Other conditions that meet the requirements of the operation characteristics of the corresponding type of work.

Special operations personnel must receive special training and education on safety technology and operation skills before taking up their posts. This kind of training and education should be based on the principle of combining theoretical teaching with operation technology training, with the focus on improving their practical ability of safe operation technology and accident prevention.

③ Occupational safety and health education for general employees. Occupational safety and health education for employees mainly includes three-level education, post-transfer technical education and post-transfer education for new employees.

Three-level education refers to the occupational safety and health education at factory level, workshop level and team level before new employees take up their posts.

Safety and health education for changing processes and posts means that enterprises must carry out relevant targeted safety and health education for relevant personnel when implementing new processes and technologies or using new equipment and materials; Safety and health education for enterprise employees when they adjust their jobs or are transferred from their jobs means that when employees in an organization are transferred from one position to another, or from one position to another, or re-employed after leaving their jobs for more than one year due to a long vacation, the organization must carry out corresponding safety and health training and education so that they can master the safety and health characteristics and requirements of the current position.

④ Regular occupational safety and health education. No matter what kind of education is impossible once and for all, so is occupational safety and health education, which must be carried out unremittingly. This is a routine occupational safety and health education. In the regular safety education, safety attitude and safety thought education are the most important. To carry out the education of safety attitude and safety thought, we should take various forms of safety activities to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees to do a good job in safety production and urge employees to pay attention to and truly realize safety production. The forms of regular safety education include: explaining safety and health precautions at the daily meeting before and after work; Safety and health conference; Accident site meeting; Safety and health activity day; Post safety and health posters, publicity slogans and signs, etc.