What influence did Confucius and Mencius have on today? Thank you, everyone.

First of all, the way of Confucius and Mencius is the product of agricultural economy. As a kind of political ethics, Confucius and Mencius have always maintained the lifestyle of small-scale peasant production. It requires individuals to be "free and unfettered", "why bother to benefit" and "gentleman's righteousness, villain's benefit", which is reflected in political decision-making for more than 2,000 years. It is "emphasizing agriculture and restraining the end" and despising (or hostile to) the commodity market economy. Under the traditional economic ethics established by Confucius and Mencius, the people of China, from the emperor to the common people, at the beginning of the blockade by western powers, at first dismissed their demands for developing trade, and then they were terrified and at a loss about their demands for forcibly opening trading ports backed by the threat of force. This is really the instinctive reaction of the closed agricultural-based economic concept embodied by Confucius and Mencius to the market economy. It can be said that if China society can't get rid of the stubborn "basic" and "final" economic concept of Confucian tradition, the limitations of small farmers' thinking, and the significance of commodity production and market operation mode for wealth accumulation, it will be impossible to embark on the road of market economy. Based on the economic ethics of Confucius and Mencius, we have to say that the conclusion that "China would have embarked on the capitalist road long ago without the invasion of western capitalism" is only a false proposition. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the main authorities still regarded the commodity market economy as a scourge, did not understand the role of the market economy and the inevitability of development for a long time, and even insisted on "preferring socialist grass to capitalist seedlings", taking ideology as the basis of economic decision-making, taking morality rather than material as the value standard, and not suffering from poverty and inequality, and finally pushed the national economy to the brink of collapse. The closed peasant mentality created by Confucius and Mencius, even for a long time after the reform and opening up in the early 1980s, is still a powerful inert force, and one of its most obvious manifestations is the dispute between "capital surname and social surname" in the market economy. It was not until 1992, when Deng Xiaoping made a southern tour, that the people of the whole country accepted and affirmed the inevitability and importance of developing the market economy by flatly rejecting this unnecessary argument with the courage of its politicians and establishing the standard of "three benefits". This debate essentially reflects the old and new thinking. China's successful entry into WTO in 2000 marked the first level of China's modernization-the dawn of economic marketization. However, for more than two thousand years, Confucius and Mencius' small-scale peasant economic ethics still has strong vitality, which is a big obstacle to China's modernization. In this regard, people should have a clear understanding and remain highly vigilant. The biggest obstacle to China's modernization is that the political ethics it created is incompatible with the goal of political democratization in modern China. First of all, it despises autocratic imperial power. Confucianism advocates that "courtesy should not be less than that of Shu Ren, and punishment should not be a doctor". The emperor's concept of being outside the law is the same in Legalists and Confucianists. Guan Zhong said, "The husband gives birth to the law, and Wang Ye; Law-abiding, I also; The law is in the law and the people are also. " (Guan Zi Ren Fa) The monarch is the lawmaker, and it is a great good governance to "rule the country by law"-rule the people by law. In the later Confucian political ethics, monarchical power was completely above the above-mentioned unilateral power. Han Yu's "The Original Road" is straightforward and explicit: "Jun also, the person who gives the order is also; I am a minister, and the people caused by your life are also; The people, who produce millet and hemp, and make money by making utensils are also on it. If you don't place an order, you will lose your mind; If the minister doesn't obey your orders, he will lose his position as minister. People can't produce millet and hemp, can't make utensils and can't make money. If they are worried, they will be punished. " In the political ethics of Confucius and Mencius, the monarch has the right of dictatorship, the officials only have the obligation to carry out the will of the monarch, and the people only have the obligation to offer materials, accept your orders and obey your orders. In the concept of imperial absolutism, it is a matter of course that "the monarch tells the minister to die and the minister has to die". In the emperor's place, any thoughts that are not conducive to autocracy will encounter natural hostility. For example, Mencius advocated that "the monarch regards the minister as a brother; Then I take you as my heart; If you treat me like a dog or a horse, then I will treat you like a Chinese; Although it was an exhortation to the emperor from the perspective of safeguarding monarchical power, Emperor Zhu (), a wandering monk, was furious and ordered Mencius' memorial tablet to be expelled from the Confucian Temple and deprived of his enjoyment. And don't think that the autocratic imperial power of Confucianism is a historical relic that has nothing to do with the historical process of modern China. In the early Republic of China, primary school students sang "Give Life to the Prime Minister (Sun)"; During Chiang Kai-shek's reign, students will sing "Great China, Great Talents, Great Success of Chiang Kai-shek, Saving the Nation Today". The first rule of post-60s students is: "Infinity finally leads to Chairman Mao", but Mao himself openly claims that he is "Marx plus Qin Shihuang" and that "the monk with an umbrella is lawless". He calmly listens to the song of the great savior "Dongfanghong" and the tsunami-like high voice of "Long live", "Long live" and "Long live". Obviously, the lofty idea that "there is never a savior, nor does it depend on the immortal emperor, but we create the happiness of mankind" expressed by the modern proletariat in The Internationale has not replaced the imperial consciousness advocated by Confucius and Mencius, which is deeply rooted in his thought. China people's thoughts, as Mao said, "the thought of emperors without party membership", also came from the edification and enlightenment of Confucius and Mencius. The greatest role of Confucius and Mencius in China society is to provide a set of moral etiquette norms needed to stabilize the autocratic rule of patriarchal imperial power, that is, the so-called "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Under the strong impetus of the country, this ethical theory of maintaining the order of ethics has almost evolved into a religious creed, which has made people flee between heaven and earth for more than two thousand years. Until the famous Zeng Guofan in modern times had such a family motto in his letter to his son: "You should teach your third sister to be submissive and respectful, and there must be no words that violate the Three Cardinals and the Five Permanent Principles." You are a minister, your father is a son, and your husband is a wife. This is the foundation of Di Wei and the reason why Tianzhu is respected. So:' Jun, Heaven also; Father, heaven also; Husband, heaven also. "The Book of Rites records:' Jun, supreme; Father, supreme; Husband, supreme also. Although you are heartless, I can't be unfaithful; Although the father is not kind, the son will be unfilial; Although the husband is not virtuous, the wife must be happy. "("The Complete Works of Ceng Wenzheng's Family Instructions * * * Volume 24 in the first month of the second year of Tongzhi ") The biggest feature of Confucian principles, ethics and etiquette is to serve the elders with humility and sacrifice the personality of the ruled to serve the rulers. In the relationship between monarch and minister, the word "loyalty" is used to make the envoy completely sacrifice to the monarch; Use a "filial piety" in the father-son relationship, so that one of the sons is completely sacrificed to his father; In the relationship between husband and wife, terms such as "obedience" and "chastity" are used to make one wife completely sacrifice for her husband and the other woman completely sacrifice for her husband. This concept of inequality is based on the theory of "destiny", which says that "there are ten days in heaven and ten days in man". All things are like this, so is God. Therefore, doctor Wang, doctor and minister, scholar and minister soap, scholar and minister soap, minister Li, minister Li, servant Li, servant Li. "("Zuo Zhuan Zhao Zhuan Gong Seven Years ") In the words of Confucius, it is" only cleverness and stupidity ". In this kind of ethical and political theory, we can never find the concept of equality that modern society needs.