Labor reform in the 1960s.

In China, criminals sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, life imprisonment, fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention are given compulsory labor education if they have the ability to work, so that they can become new people through labor reform. 195 1 year, during the suppression of the counter-revolutionary movement, a large number of prisoners who should be sentenced to imprisonment appeared. In order to solve the problem of overcrowding in prisons and detention centers and criminals living on empty land, the state organizes criminals to engage in production and construction work, and promotes criminals to be reformed in labor. 1On August 26th, 954, the State Council, the Central People's Government, promulgated the Regulations on Labor Reform in People's Republic of China (PRC), which legalized this policy of reforming criminals.

Reform-through-labour policy Reform-through-labour institutions implement the policy of "combining punishment control with ideological reform, combining labor production with political education" and "reforming before production" in the process of reform-through-labour. They not only carry out military control and forced labor, but also carry out ideological and political education, give revolutionary humanitarian treatment in life and urge them to turn over a new leaf. Abuse and corporal punishment are strictly prohibited.

The reform-through-labour institutions in China set up prisons and reform-through-labour teams to exercise different supervision over criminals according to the nature and severity of their crimes. Establish a reformatory for juvenile offenders to carry out educational reform. During the execution of the penalty, if the reform-through-labour institutions find that there is an error in the judgment or the criminals lodge a complaint, they shall refer it to the people's procuratorate or the people's court that originally pronounced the sentence for handling. Release certificates will be issued to criminals who have served their sentences, and they will be released on schedule. Criminals who do show repentance should be rewarded with praise, material rewards, meritorious deeds, commutation or parole. However, commutation and parole shall be put forward in writing by the executing organ and submitted to the people's court for review and ruling. If a criminal commits a new crime while serving his sentence, he shall report to the people's court and be sentenced according to law. According to the Decision on Handling Reeducation-through-Labor and Reeducation-through-Labor Personnel adopted by the Standing Committee of the Fifth NPCNo. 1982, escaped criminals shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years in addition to the original sentence; Whoever escapes by violence or threat shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years. If a reformed criminal commits another crime after escaping, he shall be given a heavier or heavier punishment. Whoever commits a crime after being released from prison shall be given a heavier punishment. After being released after the expiration of reeducation through labor, if the crime is minor and not serious enough for criminal punishment, it shall be reeducated through labor. Criminals who retaliate by assault shall be given a heavier or heavier punishment according to law (see sentencing).

Rights and Obligations of Criminals During the period of serving their sentences, criminals enjoy the following rights: ① The right to vote. Prisoners who are not deprived of political rights can exercise the right to vote, but they do not enjoy the right to stand for election. (2) The right to personal freedom from torture, corporal punishment and humiliation. (3) the right to inviolability of legal property. (4) Legal marriage and family rights are inviolable. Right of appeal, right of defense, right of accusation and right of accusation. However, criminals are not allowed to make trouble unreasonably under the pretext of exercising their rights, or to fabricate facts and falsely accuse others. Criminals must fulfill the following obligations during serving their sentences: ① Strictly abide by prison rules and discipline. (2) Obey the discipline of reform-through-labour cadres. ③ Take an active part in productive labor. (4) receive political, ideological, cultural and technical education. ⑤ Expose and report illegal and criminal activities inside and outside the prison.