How should a steel company write about the future trend?

According to the analysis published by Metallurgical Economic Research Center, in the next few years, China's steel investment will tend to three major areas: improving product quality, energy saving and environmental protection, and iron ore mining. In the future, due to the fierce competition in the steel industry market, the competition among enterprises will shift from price-oriented to product variety quality and service-oriented, while the production capacity of domestic enterprises in excellent talent and middle and low-grade plate fields is surplus, while the proportion of high-tech and high value-added products is low, so steel enterprises need these areas. In terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, due to the gap between the iron and steel industry as a whole and the strict requirements of the country, the investment of enterprises in this area is bound to increase. In recent years, the tight supply of raw materials has led some large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises to invest in or participate in upstream raw material enterprises in order to ensure stable and safe supply of raw materials, such as Angang Group and Liaoning Hengye Group * * * investing in the mining and dressing project of Anqian Mining. The future development direction of iron and steel industry-establishing with the technology of coal-free ironmaking 1. Views and predictions on the future of iron and steel industry In recent years, the iron and steel industry has become a hot topic from the perspective of investment and public opinion, resulting in many popular views, judgments and predictions about the iron and steel industry, which have greatly influenced the decision-making of enterprises and governments. As far as the author is concerned, these popular views are quite inappropriate. Therefore, the author puts forward the following views that he thinks are correct for readers' reference: 1. Iron and steel enterprises should not have too high expectations for high value-added deep-processed products, because the technology for producing high value-added steel products is in the hands of foreign enterprises, and basically anyone who has the money to buy them can produce them. Nowadays, many iron and steel enterprises flock to launch high value-added products, and the demand for producing high value-added products is reduced due to the slowdown of economic development, so the future benefits of producing high value-added products are worrying. For example, at present, the automobile industry is in recession, and the ability to bear the price increase of steel products has declined, so the benefit of automobile plates has obviously decreased. 2. Iron ore resources are not as scarce as many people think. In fact, iron ore resources are very rich, which can fully meet the needs of the iron and steel industry. The shortage of iron ore supply is mainly caused by the failure of mining and transportation capacity to keep up with the demand of the iron and steel industry in recent years. Now the price of iron ore resources has been speculated very high, so it is not recommended for iron and steel enterprises to invest in controlling iron ore resources in the near future. 3. For the iron and steel industry, the supply of coal is much more important than the supply of iron ore, especially the coking coal resources that will be exhausted in a few decades, but now the prices of coking coal and other coal resources have been fried very high, and the risk of buying coking coal and other coal resources is also relatively high. 4. Although the rise of RMB exchange rate reduces the cost of iron ore procurement in the steel industry, it also reduces the export of steel products and other steel products, and may also lead to the import of overseas steel products to China, so the rise of RMB exchange rate is not beneficial to the steel industry as a whole. 5. As far as China is concerned, there will be excessive competition in every free and competitive industry, and the price of products is much lower than the cost, and the steel industry is no exception. Due to the rising price of raw materials and the decline in the demand growth of steel products users, as an intermediate industry that can expand its production capacity indefinitely, the overall depression of the steel industry in the future is inevitable. The severity of the depression is vividly described, that is, the shares of Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. will drop from one share in 5 yuan to about one share in 1.5 yuan in the next few years. 6. It is unreasonable for iron and steel enterprises to blindly seek for large scale. The reasons are as follows: 1) The group's behavior of seeking for large scale leads to the rapid expansion of production capacity, which is prone to vicious competition; 2) The large scale increase of single equipment has brought about the increase of unit capacity investment and technical difficulty; 3) The increase of the scale of single enterprise will bring the problem of expanding the transportation radius of products and raw materials; 4) The excessive scale of the joint enterprise group will bring internal management problems, especially the interests of the merged enterprises are different from those of the main company. In the case of a sluggish industry, if it is not handled properly, it will easily lead to fierce internal contradictions and make the enterprises fall into internal friction, such as the problems arising from the merger of Yunnan Airlines with Eastern Airlines. Therefore, the scale of iron and steel enterprises should have a reasonable value. According to the different needs of society, iron and steel enterprises should coexist in size, instead of simple big fish eating small fish. 7. Don't expect too much from the shutdown of small steel mills, because the wildfire is not clean. The shutdown of small steel enterprises in they are tall once more in the spring wind will not solve the problem of oversupply of steel products. As long as the situation of the steel industry improves slightly, these enterprises will start production again. 8. Many iron and steel enterprises have gained huge benefits from the long-term agreements signed with international mining companies, but sooner or later, some of the benefits gained from the signed long-term agreements will be repaid. In the next few years, it is entirely possible that the spot price will be lower than the long-term agreement price, and the long-term agreement as an ore trade model may disappear in the future. 9. In terms of population and land scale, a province in China can be completely equivalent to an ordinary country. For example, the land area and population of South Korea are only equivalent to that of Zhejiang Province in China. According to the provincial calculation, China's iron and steel enterprises are not scattered, and almost every province is the top iron and steel enterprise, which controls most of the market share. The scale of single iron and steel plants in the world is not larger than that of China. During the high-speed growth period of the iron and steel industry, a large amount of investment is attracted to the iron and steel industry because of its rich profits. It is normal for the concentration of production to decline, which is not contrary to the historical development trend, but is conducive to increasing the output of iron and steel products, ensuring the supply of iron and steel products and restraining the price increase. With the decline of the prosperity of the steel industry into a depression, it is quite normal for the concentration of steel production to rise. 1. The main role of the government in the iron and steel industry is to prevent monopoly, not to promote it. The government should support the scale expansion of iron and steel enterprises to improve efficiency from the interests of all the people, and control the scale expansion for the purpose of monopolizing the market. Monopoly in the iron and steel industry increases the cost of socio-economic operation, which is harmful to socio-economic development, competitiveness of downstream enterprises and people's living standards. Moreover, the scale of iron and steel enterprises is not necessarily related to high environmental protection level and resource conservation. 11. The cyclical characteristics of the iron and steel industry will fade and disappear, because periodicity is not the characteristic of the iron and steel industry itself, but mainly caused by the cyclical fluctuations of the macro economy. With the weakening of macroeconomic cyclical fluctuations and the existence of surplus production capacity and capital, the price fluctuation of steel products may still exist, but the fluctuation of profit rate of steel industry will be very inconspicuous. Second, how should iron and steel enterprises develop in the future? In the past, the future of the iron and steel industry was predicted pessimistically. How should iron and steel enterprises develop in the case of poor prospects? Except for the steel industry, the best development direction of steel enterprises in the future should not be the acquisition, merger or merger of other steel enterprises at first, because the steel industry is bound to enter a depression, and it is not worthwhile to spend money to buy steel enterprises that will not make money in the future (it is entirely possible that steel enterprises will appear in a few years); Secondly, it is not to invest, acquire and control upstream resources, because the price of resources is now too high, and the investment in the future is risky; Furthermore, it is not the development of high value-added deep-processed new products, because the consumption of high value-added products is small, there is little room for development, and the competition is fierce. Of course, enterprises can moderately develop some high value-added products according to their own conditions, but they cannot be used as the main means and pillar of enterprise development. After all, the steel industry is only a raw material production industry; Finally, it is not the large-scale single equipment, but to build more and more large blast furnaces, coke ovens, sintering machines, converters, rolling mills and so on. The development goal of any industry is to meet the actual needs of society, and the steel industry is no exception, and it is also the development goal of the industry based on the actual needs of society. At present, China's social and economic development has encountered the following problems: 1) The prices of oil and gas, steel, non-ferrous metals and agricultural products have risen sharply, which has increased the cost of almost all products and services in the whole social economy, reduced the profit of enterprises and the actual living standard of residents, and reduced domestic demand, which has led to the risk of economic development falling when exports and investment are declining; 2) With the development of economy, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which affects the living environment of human beings and requires high environmental control costs; 3) The supply of non-renewable energy such as oil, gas and coal is tight, hydropower and nuclear energy can't keep up for a while, and the supply of new energy is insufficient in the short term due to high cost, which directly threatens the normal operation of social economy and even society. In recent years, although the development of the steel industry has met the social demand for the variety and quantity of steel, the rising price of steel has reduced the profits of many enterprises, aggravated inflation, reduced people's consumption expenditure, affected market consumption, and led to the recession of enterprises, which in turn affected people's income; In addition, the development of iron and steel industry pollutes the environment, reduces people's quality of life, increases the cost of environmental governance, and also has a negative impact on economic development; The steel industry also consumes a lot of energy, such as coal and coke for smelting, oil for transportation and a lot of electricity, which aggravates the shortage of social energy supply. Judging from the above problems, the three most urgent requirements of society for the steel industry are: 1) reducing the production cost and price of steel products; 2) reduce the environmental pollution of steel industry; 3) Require the steel industry to save energy, especially non-renewable energy. As far as the iron and steel industry itself is concerned, it is impossible to keep the development mode of relying on non-renewable resources. At present, the iron and steel industry in China, which is dominated by blast furnace smelting, must rely on non-renewable and soon-exhausted resources-coking coal, and the coking coal reserves are known to last only 3 years. The shortage of supply leads to the rising price of coking coal, which makes the profits of the iron and steel industry continuously flow out to coking coal production. At present, most iron and steel enterprises pay attention to the development of new steel products after steel, and the bosses of iron and steel enterprises are mostly from steelmaking and rolling. However, the main cost, environmental pollution and energy consumption of the iron and steel industry are all in front of the iron, and the key to determining the competitiveness of iron and steel enterprises in the future is in front of the iron. Iron and steel enterprises should aim at the actual needs of society, look forward, and focus on technological research and development, technological transformation and investment in coking, sintering and ironmaking. Iron and steel enterprises must be soberly aware of the following points: 1) It is not the time to choose suitable resources to smelt steel, but the time when smelting steel must adapt to the existing resources; 2) society will not always tolerate the acquisition of steel materials at the expense of environmental pollution; 3) Saving energy is not the requirement of society, but the requirement of enterprises to reduce their own costs. In order to meet the needs of society, we can choose to change the pre-ironmaking mode centered on blast furnace and replace blast furnace ironmaking with non-blast furnace ironmaking process-coke-free ironmaking process. Because coke is not used in non-blast furnace ironmaking, the cost of ironmaking is greatly reduced, and coking and sintering processes are not needed in non-blast furnace ironmaking, thus greatly reducing the emission of harmful pollutants such as fenpropyr, tar, dioxins and SO2. However, coal-based non-blast furnace ironmaking still needs to use coal, which can't meet the social requirements for energy saving in the steel industry. Although electric furnace ironmaking and electrolytic ironmaking don't directly consume coal, they consume a lot of electricity. At present, most of the electricity in China is provided by coal, so it can't meet the needs of society. In this regard, the author puts forward the practice of developing coal-free ironmaking on the basis of coke-free ironmaking. In coal-free ironmaking, domestic garbage replaces coal, which is as combustible as coal. As long as there is human life, the supply of domestic garbage will never be interrupted, so domestic garbage will be an inexhaustible resource. Iii. Developing Coal-free Ironmaking Technology and Establishing Urban Steel Works 1. Coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is completely feasible. Like coal, domestic garbage is mainly combustible with carbon and hydrogen, but it can't be smelted in blast furnace instead of coal. The main reason is that the blast furnace is a countercurrent reactor of gas and solid liquid, which requires that the materials to be fed into the furnace must be blocky and breathable (the purpose of coking and sintering is to block), while domestic garbage can't block. Therefore, domestic garbage can't be directly used for blast furnace ironmaking, and it can only enter the coke oven for coking with a small proportion of about 1%, or some waste plastics (chlorine-free) and waste tires in domestic garbage can replace a small amount of blast furnace coal injection, so it can be used in a very small amount. If the fixed-bed external heat transfer reaction mode is used in ironmaking, iron ore can be directly reduced by using domestic garbage without briquetting, and then the domestic garbage is partially combusted to make gas by using the molten iron pool as the medium, and the sponge iron produced by direct reduction is melted by using the generated heat, and the gas produced by the two processes can be used for external heating. According to the above technical analysis, the existing non-blast furnace ironmaking methods, such as tunnel kiln method, PM method and spacer layer method, can all realize coal-free ironmaking. 2. The cost of coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is very competitive. The cost of coke and coal raw materials per ton of steel in iron and steel enterprises is about 2, yuan, but using domestic garbage to replace coke and coal can hardly consume these costs, even if other cost rising factors are deducted, the ironmaking cost will be greatly reduced. 3. Coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is suitable for directly burning domestic garbage as fuel to generate electricity. The disadvantage is that it will produce dioxins, and the pollution treatment of dioxins is very difficult. However, the ironmaking process is a process of iron oxide reduction, and the whole atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, so it will not produce dioxins. For example, in coking and blast furnace production, dioxins will not be produced in the reducing atmosphere, but only in sintering is an oxidative combustion process. At present, garbage incineration and sintering are the first and second largest sources of dioxins respectively. The application of coal-free ironmaking technology can not only reduce the pollution caused by garbage incineration, but also reduce the dioxin pollution caused by sintering in iron and steel industry. 4. Features and advantages of urban steel mills Based on the technology of coal-free ironmaking, urban steel mills can be established. The so-called urban steel plant has the following characteristics: 1. Relying on the establishment of the city, relying on the city to provide domestic garbage as fuel for smelting, and at the same time helping the city to deal with domestic garbage, forming a * * * relationship with the city; 2. The main production goal of the enterprise is to provide the city with the necessary steel, and also to provide the city with some gas or liquid fuel produced in the production process; 3. Urban steel mills are limited by the amount of municipal solid waste, and the scale is relatively small and widely distributed, showing a small and scattered situation; 4. Urban steel mills can also use scrap steel produced in cities for smelting nearby; 5. Urban steel mills do not have heavy pollution production links such as coking and sintering, and do not need to carry out environmental protection treatment with huge investment, so the emission of environmental pollutants can be greatly reduced, so they are suitable for relying on cities to build factories. The advantages of urban steel plant are: 1. It solves the problem of domestic garbage disposal and makes full use of domestic garbage resources; 2. It reduces the social consumption of non-renewable resources and energy such as coal, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of society; 3. Urban steel mills have realized clean production by adopting new ironmaking technology, which greatly reduces the environmental pollution of the steel industry; 4. The wide distribution of urban steel mills has eased the imbalance of regional development and promoted social harmony and coordination of local interests; 5. The urban steel plant is small in scale, high in efficiency, low in cost and resource-saving, ensuring the supply of common steel and part of fuel in the city; 6. Urban steel mills can use local iron ore, domestic garbage and scrap steel nearby, and supply steel and other by-products, which greatly reduces the transportation volume of materials, reduces the transportation pressure in cities, and saves energy. 4. Conclusion: According to the existing resources and energy supply situation and the urgent needs of society for reducing prices, reducing pollution and saving energy in the steel industry, no coal will be used for smelting in the foreseeable future.