What are the differences between Chinese and Tibetan festivals?

Tibetans are different from Han people. Tibetans use Tibetan calendars, and they have always carried out their usual production and living activities. And according to their own living habits, they have their own special festivals. These festivals are used for offering sacrifices, celebrating, guiding production and life, or giving thanks.

1. Tibetan calendar year (starting on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar)

More than 95 years ago, that is, in the year of Dingmao in the lunar calendar (AD 127), Tibetans began the Tibetan calendar year. Tibetan calendar year is a festival custom, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality.

Every year, the Tibetan calendar begins on the first day of the first month, ranging from three to five days. At the beginning of December, people begin to prepare new year's goods, and every household soaks highland barley seeds in a basin to cultivate young crops. In the Tibetan calendar year, although they ate different things, their eating habits were the same as those of the Han nationality. For example, on New Year's Eve or 29, they ate New Year's Eve, and everyone got together again in the evening, and each family wanted to eat dough. On the first day of the new year, I wish you good luck in the new year and pay a new year call respectively. Return gifts on the second day, give gifts to each other, and wear new clothes.

During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or the open grass, everyone dances in a circle, and accompanied by lyre, cymbals, gongs and other musical instruments, hand in hand, people step on the ground to celebrate the festival and sing, while children set off firecrackers, and the whole area is immersed in a happy, festive and peaceful festive atmosphere. Singing Tibetan opera, dancing in pot village and string dance in urban and rural areas. In pastoral areas, herders light bonfires and enjoy singing and dancing all night. People also engage in wrestling, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing, archery and other activities.

2. Shangjiu Festival (the ninth day of the first lunar month)

is popular in Baoxing County. It is held on the ninth day of the first lunar month every year. On that day, people gathered at the foot of the mountain, held lanterns and performed lion dances, and danced and sang to their hearts' content. At night, a unique wrestling match between men and women is held, and the result is often that the men lose and the women win, which causes a burst of laughter and pushes the festival activities to a climax.

3. Xie Shui Festival (the sixth day of the third lunar month)

is popular in Mianning County. It is held every year on the sixth day of the third lunar month. Its main contents are praying for rain and praying for children. On that day, the Lama brought frogs, snakes and toads made of Zanba, and one or two people went with each family. When he came to the ditch, the Lama recited the scriptures and put the animals made of Ciba into the water. When they returned, everyone was wearing rain gear and shouting, indicating that it had begun to rain. Then, people went to worship a round tower. There is a knife and a small gong pot in the tower, which represents fertility. Women who have been married for a long time and have no children make a wish to the tower god and pray for children. Nong, who gave birth to a child after worshipping the tower, will go to worship the tower to fulfill his promise that day.

4. Zhuanshihui (the eighth day of the fourth lunar month)

Traditional Tibetan festivals, also known as Mufo Festival and worship of mountain gods. Popular in Ganzi and Aba Tibetan areas. Every year, on the eighth birthday of the fourth lunar month, Kowloon Ye Shui bathes it, so it is also called Mufo Festival. On this day every year, people from far and near in Ganzi Tibetan areas wear national costumes and gather on Happy Valley Mountain and Zheduo River. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, and burn paper money. Then turn to the mountains to worship the gods and pray for their blessing. After turning the mountain, we set up tents for picnics and Tibetan operas. Singing folk songs, dancing Pot Zhuang Dance and String Dance, and riders also have horse racing and archery competitions. During this period, people will also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.

5. Baima Song Festival (around Tomb-Sweeping Day)

It is a holiday custom of Baima Tibetans. Popular in Pingwu County, it is held around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year. Baima Tibetans can sing and dance well, and traditional cultural activities are held during the Spring Festival in Han areas. With the development of economy and the introduction of new culture, they have the desire to create their own festivals. The relevant departments took advantage of the situation and held the first Shanzhai Song Festival in 1982. Since then, it has become a convention to hold it once a year.

6. Linka Festival (around May 1st in Tibetan calendar)

It is called Zimulin Jisang in Tibetan, which means "World Happy Day". Some people call it a "suburban banquet". It is a traditional entertainment day for Tibetan people in Lhasa, Shigatse and Qamdo in Xizang Autonomous Region. The Tibetan calendar is held around May 1st every year, and the festival period is uncertain, and in some places it lasts for more than ten days. At that time, the Tibetan people will take food, highland barley wine, butter tea, card mats, tents, and all kinds of entertainment tools and musical instruments to the elegant and quiet Linka (Tibetan transliteration means gardens and gardens, in which willows are planted, so the people call it "playing in the willows"). Set up a white tent on the lawn and under the old trees, wrap a few sheets or plastic sheets, lay a card mat, play the lyre while drinking butter tea or highland barley wine, and have a picnic together. Some play poker, some play chess, croquet or chat and laugh, and some sing and dance on the green grass. In addition, during the festival, some religious ceremonies, horse riding, archery and other cultural and sports activities will be held.

7. Flower-picking Festival (the fifth day of May)

A traditional Tibetan festival in Boyu, Nanping County. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year for two days. Legend has it that Boyu was a lonely ravine a long time ago. People lived by gathering and hunting, and made clothes with leaves and hides. One day, a girl named Lian Zhi came from far away. She was beautiful, kind and ingenious. She taught the local people to cultivate land, weave and sew clothes, and also picked lilies to treat people. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to pick flowers, and was swept off a cliff by the nickel wind and died. People were very sad, so they went up the mountain to collect flowers on this day to commemorate her. Over time, a flower picking festival was formed.

8. Flower Festival (June of the lunar calendar)

Also known as Flower Festival, it is popular in Marcand. It is held in June of the lunar calendar every year for 3-5 days, and in some places it lasts for more than 1 days. People take food, tents, ride horses, and go to the wild in droves to enjoy mountain flowers. They set up tents, boiled butter tea, filled with green pear wine, ate and drank, enjoyed flowers and blessed them. At night, light a bonfire and sing and dance. During the festival, there will be wrestling, horse racing and other activities. It is also an opportunity for young men and women to fall in love.

9. Huanglong Temple Fair (June 15th)

Huanglong Temple Fair is a traditional festival of Tibetan, Qiang, Hui and Han nationalities in Aba Prefecture. The annual summer calendar is held in Huanglong Temple in Songpan County on June 15th. Huanglong Temple, located in the mountains at the southern foot of Minshan Mountain in Songpan County, Aba Prefecture, is backed by Xuebao, the main peak of Minshan Mountain at an altitude of more than 5,7 meters. Because the clear spring on the top of the mountain flies down with calcium, it is covered with a milky yellow natural wonder like a Huanglong flying down, inlaid with more than 3,4 colorful places, which are connected and colorful. Later generations built temples to attract believers from neighboring provinces, prefectures and counties to worship with temple fairs, and gradually formed folk festivals.

Every year, from the tenth day of the sixth lunar month, tourists from all over the world come here on horseback, by car or on foot, bringing cooking utensils and tents. At the rally, people should not only watch the scenery of Huanglong Temple, but also hold Tibetan opera performances and folk songs duet. Young brave men will also have wrestling, archery and other activities. June 15th is the climax of the festival. Huanglong Temple and the surrounding hillside forest are lined with various local products, forming a grand material exchange meeting. The old people went into the temple to burn incense and prayed for a safe life. Young people sang and danced all night.

1. Flower viewing festival (June 18th of the lunar calendar)

It is called "Ruomu Bird" in Tibetan, which means mountain viewing. It is held on June 18th of the lunar calendar every year. Generally, the villages are the main ones, and they go to play together in the tent. Every activity lasts from three to four days to more than ten days. During the flower viewing festival, people presented Hada to the guests who came to play, and warmly welcomed them into the cashier's office for hospitality. At night, men and women, old and young, hand in hand, accompanied by a string of bells in the hands of the dance team leader, sang folk songs, sang and danced all night around the bonfire and walked beautifully.

11. Jockey Club (the first day of the seventh lunar month)

It is popular in Hongyuan County and other places. It is held on the first day of the seventh lunar month every year for one day. Horse racing is a favorite activity of Tibetan people. It is not only a place for farmers and herdsmen to gather and exchange their production experience in their spare time, but also a display of Tibetan people's spirit. Horse racing is almost indispensable in all Tibetan festivals spread by the people. Horse racing not only appears in festivals in the form of motifs, but more importantly, the Tibetan people based on their strong belief in horses have formed such a national traditional "horse racing festival", and this activity has a long history. By then, the Tibetan people in the county and nearby areas will wear traditional national costumes and carry out various forms of horse racing activities from all directions to the racecourse. There are teams with the speed of team competition, relay races, horse racing and archery performances, and horse racing skills, which are very lively. After the horse race, people exchange local products with each other.

12. Bathing Festival (held from July 6th to 12th in Tibetan calendar, lasting for 7 days)

Bathing Festival, called "Karma Riji" (bathing) in Tibetan, is a unique festival for Tibetan people, with a history of at least 7 to 8 years in Tibet. According to Buddhism, the water in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has eight advantages, namely, it is sweet, cool, soft, light, clear, and odorless. Seven drinks will not hurt the throat and eight drinks will not hurt the abdomen. Therefore, July is called the best time for bathing. It was late summer and early autumn. It was sunny in Gao Yuanfeng, Wan Li, and the sky was high and the clouds were light. No matter whether it is urban, rural or pastoral areas, the whole family of men, women and children come to the riverside to celebrate the annual bathing festival. At that time, Tibetan people, carrying tents, butter tea, highland barley wine, Ciba and other foods, will come to Lhasa River and Yarlung Zangbo River one after another, and come to the thousands of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to compete for water, and enjoy playing and swimming in the water. They set up a tent in the shade of the river beach lawn, surrounded the tent and laid a card mat. Old people wash their hair and brush their bodies by the river, young people bathe and swim in the river, and children play and fight in the water. At this time, women have no scruples about bathing and washing their bodies and clothes of the whole family.

During the break, the whole family sat around the tent and tasted fragrant highland barley wine and fragrant butter tea. There are bursts of laughter and laughter from time to time in the tent. During the seven days of Bath Festival, people not only come to the river to bathe every day, but also clean all the bedding in their homes. Therefore, Bath Festival is not only a traditional festival loved by Tibetan people, but also the most thorough and mass health activity every year.

13. Fruit-seeking Festival (autumn harvest period, lasting one to three days)

Fruit-seeking Festival has a history of more than 1,5 years, and it is a traditional festival in people in Xizang that longs for a bumper harvest. "Wangguo" is a transliteration in Tibetan, which means fields and land, and "Guo" means turning around, which means "turning around the field". In the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the rural areas along the Lhasa River, the "fruit-looking" festival is very popular, and there are also festivals in other places, but the names of the festivals are different. The areas around Lahu and Dingri are called "Yaji", that is, comfortable summer days; Bubala Snow Mountain is surrounded by semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, which is called "Bangsang", that is, auspicious grassland. It is almost the same time, and it is held before the crops are yellow and ready to be sickle. Before liberation, the Tibetans celebrated the Fruit Festival before the arrival of the season of "bird king"-geese flying south. Wangguo Festival is an important cultural phenomenon of Tibetan people, and its origin, ceremony, geographical or sexual characteristics are colorful. ?

According to legend, as early as the end of the 5th century AD, Bude Gongjian, the king of Tibet, asked the religious leader for advice to ensure a bumper harvest. The hierarch gave orders for farmers to circle the fields, with people holding incense burners and holding banners as the leaders, and our hierarch holding sticks wrapped around Hada and sheep's right legs as the guides. After leading villagers with highland barley ears or wheat ears to circle the fields several times, they planted all kinds of grain ears in granaries and shrines, praying for good weather and good harvests.

the fruit-looking festival lasts for one to three days and is held on an auspicious day before the autumn harvest. On this day every year, the Tibetan people wear festive costumes, some carry colorful flags, some carry the harvest tower made of highland barley and wheat ears, and the harvest tower is tied with white "Hada", holding slogans, some beat gongs and drums, sing songs and Tibetan operas, some carry the portrait of Chairman Mao around the field, and after the circle, people carry tents and highland barley wine, while talking about the past and the present, and some revel in drinking. The commercial department also organizes material exchanges, supplies ethnic special commodities and daily necessities, and purchases local products. After the fruit festival, the intense autumn harvest sowing began.

14. The Oki Festival (the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month)

is a traditional Tibetan festival, which is popular in Muli County. The festival falls on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month every year. Legend has it that the Muli area was very rich in ancient times, and eight Tibetan branches in Tibet and Yunnan moved to live all the way. On the day of settlement, it was the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, and people gathered together to sing and dance and indulge in joy. In the future, commemorative activities will be held on this day every year, which will be passed down from generation to generation and become a fixed festival. The day before the festival, families are busy preparing rich food. On the festival day, the whole family sat together and drank a toast. According to the custom, cats and dogs should be given a full meal. If they eat meat first, it indicates a good weather and a bumper harvest in agriculture and animal husbandry in the coming year. At night. People gathered around piles of bonfires. Yes, singing folk songs and dancing