First aid measures for fracture patients

Fracture is a common thing in real life. If you accidentally fall, fall or collide, all parts of your body may be broken. Fracture should not be underest

First aid measures for fracture patients

Fracture is a common thing in real life. If you accidentally fall, fall or collide, all parts of your body may be broken. Fracture should not be underestimated. It makes patients suffer unbearable pain and affects their work and life. What are the first aid methods to avoid delaying the illness? The following is what I have compiled for your reference.

First-aid methods for fracture patients

The integrity or continuity of bones is interrupted or destroyed. Traumatic fracture is caused by trauma; Pathological fractures mostly occur in the original bone diseases, tumors and inflammation. The fracture end is an open fracture communicating with the outside world, and if it is not communicated with the outside world, it is a closed fracture. In addition, other classifications can be made according to the degree, stability and time after fracture. After fracture, pain, tenderness, swelling, blood stasis, deformity, limited activity, longitudinal tapping pain and abnormal activity often appear in this area. Generally speaking, a diagnosis can be made based on this. Of course, if a fracture damages blood vessels and nerves, there will be corresponding manifestations, so pay attention to whether other organs are damaged at the same time. X-ray examination is necessary in order to clearly diagnose and further understand the location and type of fracture and guide treatment.

Usually, after proper treatment, such as reduction and fixation, the fracture can heal itself after a period of time, and the blood supply is good. Correct on-site first aid and safe transport of fractures are important measures to alleviate patients' pain and prevent re-injury or pollution, among which correct fixation is the most important.

When the limbs are broken, it is best to fix them with splints, and then fix them with wooden sticks and boards. If there is no substitute, the upper limb fracture can be tied to the chest, the lower limb fracture can be tied to another healthy limb, and it can also play a temporary fixation role. Spinal fracture should lie flat on the bed or door to avoid flexion, extension and rotation. If it is an open fracture, it should be bandaged with a first aid kit or a clean cloth. Pay attention to keep it fixed during handling or transportation to the hospital. If the fracture is complicated with craniocerebral injury and other important organ injuries, we should pay close attention to the changes of mental and general conditions and send them to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

Prevention of senile fracture

1. The elderly should first prevent or delay the occurrence of osteoporosis. In the daily diet, the elderly should eat more calcium-rich foods, such as shrimp skin, bean products, sesame seeds, milk and so on. Milk, in particular, has a high calcium content. If people insist on drinking a glass of milk every day, the effect will be better than simply supplementing calcium. In addition, the elderly should often do some physical exercise within their power. It is best to combine winter exercise with "sunbathing", for example, taking a walk outdoors while receiving sunlight. This can promote the body to synthesize more vitamin D. Vitamin d can promote the absorption of calcium. Old people should also get rid of some bad habits, such as smoking, excessive drinking, sitting less and liking a low-calcium diet. These bad habits are easy to induce osteoporosis.

2. The elderly should prevent the occurrence of trauma. Clinical data show that falling is the most direct cause of fractures in many elderly people. However, not all falls of the elderly occur in the outdoor ice and snow. On the contrary, most elderly people are active indoors in winter, so falls mostly occur indoors. Therefore, the elderly should pay special attention to "indoor fall prevention". To prevent the elderly from falling indoors, we should do the following six things: ① The temperature of the elderly room should be kept at about 65438 08℃. This can make the elderly wear less and move easily; (2) The items in the bedroom should be placed in a way that does not hinder the elderly from walking; (3) The furniture such as tables and chairs in the living room should be stable and can't swing; ④ The floor and shoes in the living room should be non-slip. Old people had better not wear slippers; ⑤ The lighting of stairs, corridors and bathrooms should be sufficient, and the ground should be kept dry and waterless; ⑥ Handle convenient for the elderly should be installed next to the bathroom and toilet.

How to judge whether the elderly have a fracture?

1. Ask the elderly if they have a history of external injuries. If you suspect that the elderly have a fracture, your family should ask them if they have slipped or fallen recently. If so, you must be more careful. Because, sometimes the trauma suffered by the elderly is very slight, but it often leads to serious fractures. If the elderly fall from the 33 cm high bed, it may lead to hip fracture; For example, if the elderly slip on the stairs and their hips land, a lumbar fracture may also occur.

2. Observe local symptoms. Local pain, swelling and limited mobility are the most common manifestations of fractures. When injured, the patient's pain and swelling symptoms may be mild, and even he can endure the pain and carry out daily activities. But generally speaking, after 2-3 days of fracture, the patient's symptoms begin to be obvious, the injured area panel will become blue and purple, and the injured area will be obviously swollen, so it is impossible to touch the area and move.

3. See if the body is deformed after the injury. If the old man's body is deformed after falling, it can generally be directly confirmed that there is a fracture. However, if the degree of injury is relatively light, sometimes the deformity is not obvious, so sometimes the diagnosis will be missed. The common hip fractures in the elderly sometimes manifest as valgus or limb shortening; Forearm fractures often cause the wrist to be "forked" when viewed from the side.

How to deal with the fracture of the elderly?

1. In case of fracture in the elderly, patients and their families should not panic first. If the patient does not have massive bleeding or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is generally not life-threatening, but it needs urgent treatment.

2. Don't pull the fracture site at will to avoid damaging blood vessels and nerves.

3. The patient's fracture site should be quickly fixed with splint. Family members can pad two wooden boards with cotton cloth or soft towels and fix the affected area with bandages or soft ropes. If it is not fixed, it may lead to dislocation of the broken end, damage the nerves and blood vessels there, and even lead to quadriplegia. However, because the fracture site often has internal bleeding and swelling, the fixation of the affected area should not be too tight, otherwise it will compress the blood vessels and cause limb ischemia and congestion.