Where is Dejiang County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province?

Subordinate to: Dejiang County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province

Dejiang County is located in the northeast of Guizhou Plateau, at the intersection of Wuling Mountain and Dalou Mountain. It is bordered by Yinjiang River in the east, Sinan in the south, Fenggang in the west and Wuchuan along the river in the north. Dejiang has a pleasant climate. The typical subtropical monsoon humid climate nourishes the vast plateau land. Four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant sunshine and rainfall. The annual average temperature is between 13℃ and 17℃, and the frost-free period is 295 days.

Dejiang has a superior geographical position. Jiancha, an important town under the jurisdiction of the county, is located at the junction of northern and eastern Guizhou. With its important position as a transportation hub, it has become a distribution center for commodities. East along the 303 provincial highway out of Huguang, north along the 326 national highway to Bashu. Wujiang River, known as the "golden waterway", flows through five townships in the county from south to north, with a total length of 67 kilometers, and 200-ton ships can reach the Yangtze River directly.

Population and nationality

The county has a total administrative area of 207 1.9 square kilometers, cultivated land area of 2 1.6 million hectares, and forest coverage rate of 25.0%. It has jurisdiction over 5 towns, 15 ethnic townships, 355 villagers' committees and 14 residents' committees. At the end of the year, the total population was 447,400, including 32,200 non-agricultural people and 278,200 ethnic minorities. The ethnic minorities with a large population are Tujia and Miao. The birth rate is 14.49‰ and the natural growth rate is 9.22‰. The main minerals are iron, coal, fluorite and marble.

Economic income

In 2002, the county's GDP was 980 million yuan, an increase of 9.9% over the previous year. Among them, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries were 682 million yuan,1.1.40 million yuan and 1.84 million yuan respectively, with year-on-year growth of 5.48%, 32.72% and 1.537%. All-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the county was 986 million yuan, an increase of 6.0% over the previous year. Among them, the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is 660 million yuan, 34.74 million yuan, 282 million yuan and 866.5438+0 million yuan respectively. Sustainable development of township enterprises. Township enterprises in the county have grown to 969 1 household, with an output value of 557 million yuan, an operating income of 5 1.8 million yuan and a profit of 28.02 million yuan. Output of main agricultural and livestock products: grain 654.38+054.700 tons, up by 7.0% over the previous year; 8532 tons of rapeseed, an increase of 3.6%; 82 15 tons of flue-cured tobacco, an increase of 2.8%; Meat was 22 1 10,000 tons, up by 4.5%. At the end of the year, there were 94,000 large livestock, an increase of 7.47%. Industry is growing steadily. The total industrial output value was 202 million yuan, of which the industrial output value above designated size was 74.09 million yuan, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year. Sales revenue, realized profits and taxes paid are 6.355 million yuan,1/kloc-0.90 million yuan and 3/kloc-0.30 million yuan respectively.

The investment in fixed assets is 654.38+0.8 billion yuan. The highway mileage of the county is1157km, of which the mileage of newly-built highway is 6 1 km. The annual passenger traffic is 4.94 million passengers, and the freight volume 194 10000 tons. The total postal service 1.866 million yuan, the total telecommunication service1.25 million yuan, and the total mobile communication service/.881.37 million yuan. At the end of the year, there were 1450 fixed telephone users, including 5303 rural users; Mobile phone users 65438+3000.

The life of urban and rural residents has improved steadily. The total retail sales of social consumer goods was 654.38+69 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+02.0% over the previous year. The per capita disposable income of urban residents is 4680 yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers is 1279 yuan, all of which have increased in different degrees.

natural resource

Dejiang is rich in resources and is a "sunshine zone" with good development prospects and great development potential. There are many kinds of mineral resources in the county, with high grade and large reserves, mainly including coal, iron, pyrite, fluorite, marble, kaolin, clay, gypsum and super limestone. The proven reserves are: 97.24 million tons of coal, 44.26 million tons of iron ore, 654.38+0.9/kloc-0.8 million tons of pyrite, 5.4 million cubic meters of clay and 7.7 million cubic meters of fluorite. Among them, Dejiang Renfa Coal Mine and Shaxi Coal Plant are the largest coal production bases in the region; High-quality limestone and barite are concentrated along the Wujiang River, creating favorable conditions for the development of building materials industry. Marble has concentrated distribution, diverse varieties, high grade and great development value.

The county has a dense river network and abundant hydropower resources. In addition to Wujiang River, there are 78 large and small rivers with large natural falls, with a total length of 489.6 kilometers. The river network density is 23.6 kilometers per 100 square kilometer, the runoff10.48 billion cubic meter, and the theoretical hydraulic reserve is 82,450 kilowatts. Excellent soil quality, good climate and environment, and typical agricultural development advantages. The main crops in the county are rice, corn, wheat, potato, flue-cured tobacco, rape, citrus, konjac, pear and peach. Flue-cured tobacco production is listed as the national production base of high-quality tobacco products, and the products are exported to the United States. 1999 is also listed as a commodity grain base county and a high-quality rapeseed, rice and corn seed production base. The pasture is vast and rich in feed resources, and the development of animal husbandry has unique advantages. There are more than 200 species of grassland vegetation belonging to 20 families and 70 genera, with a total area of nearly 2 million mu, including grassland 103, with an area of 276,000 mu, and the stocking capacity135,000 heads. At present, 20 Boer goat and Nanjiang antelope farms have been built. In order to further cultivate advantageous industries, the county has implemented 20,000 mu of artificial grass planting and 30,000 mu of natural grassland protection projects, which has laid a solid foundation for strengthening the pillar industries of animal husbandry.

There is no idle grass all over the mountain, and there is a panacea everywhere. Due to the unique geographical environment and suitable climate, most areas in Dejiang are suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, and its quality is superior to other areas. 1993 In the "China High-quality Agricultural Products, Scientific and Technological Achievements and Equipment Exhibition" held in Bangkok, Dejiang Gastrodia elata won the silver prize with a gastrodin content as high as 0.23%. Dejiang gastrodia elata has a long history of planting. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Dejiang was known as "Ma Ming" both inside and outside the province. In the 1980s, the county science and technology bureau took artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata as a scientific research project, and in the early 1990s, it overcame the difficulty of "sexual reproduction" and won the scientific and technological progress award, which pushed the development of large-scale cultivation of Gastrodia elata to a new stage. Therefore, Dejiang was listed as the base county of gastrodia elata in the whole province, and CCTV's "Chinese Style" column also made a special trip to Dejiang to shoot the feature film "Hometown of Gastrodia elata". At the beginning of the new century, Dejiang county party committee and government raised the development of gastrodia elata production as a pillar industry to a new height, adopted a series of policies and measures, vigorously developed gastrodia elata, and determined to make gastrodia elata bigger and stronger and make brand articles. At present, the production of gastrodia elata in the county has formed a development pattern of large-scale production, with an annual planting of gastrodia elata of 65,438+10,000 square meters and an output value of160,000 yuan. At the same time, according to the market demand, the deep processing of Gastrodia elata has been intensified. Developed series of products such as dried gastrodia elata, gastrodia elata powder, gastrodia elata ginkgo instant tea and gastrodia elata corn paste. , has a good market prospect, products in short supply. In addition to gastrodia elata, Dejiang has more than 600 kinds of wild medicinal materials such as honeysuckle, pseudostellaria heterophylla, salvia miltiorrhiza, lily and Polygonatum odoratum, and has a base of 2000 mu.

health education

Culture, education and health are all developing. There are 390 schools of all kinds in the county, including 29 ordinary middle schools with 9 1 10000 students and 3 155 full-time teachers. The enrollment rate of school-age children is 99.42%. The TV coverage rate is 92.5% and the broadcast coverage rate is 68%. There are 3/kloc-0 health institutions and 705 health technicians.

national culture

Tujia, Miao, Gelao and other ethnic minorities live in Dejiang, an ancient and magical land. They are endless and multiply from generation to generation, and in the continuous practice of production and life, they have formed a unique national custom represented by Tujia customs.

Tujia cottages, like pearls, are embedded in Wuling Mountains and banks of Wujiang River. These villages are located, or near mountains and rivers, in beautiful river ditches; Or perch on a high mountain and prune bamboo in a lush forest. The village in the dam area has four courtyards and stone alleys, which are connected into town blocks.

Tujia people have two kinds of national diets, which are famous for their unique flavor. One is burning tea, and the other is sugar cement.

Boiling tea, also known as camellia oleifera, is one of Tujia people's favorite diets. Its production is very particular, mainly using tea, edible oil, sesame, peanuts, bacon, walnuts, pepper and salt as raw materials, and frying them with water. Boiled tea is not only fragrant and delicious, but also attractive in flavor, which can satisfy hunger and quench thirst and refresh the mind. On holidays, whenever a distinguished guest arrives, Tujia people brew boiled water, take out refined rice flowers, sesame cakes and soaked fruits to wait for the guests, and sit around the fireplace, chatting while eating, talking about the past and the present, which has a unique flavor.

Sugar cement is carefully made by Tujia people with rice, corn or potatoes through cooking and fermentation. The alcohol content is generally around 15 degrees, and the sugar content is above 35 degrees. Tujia people drink two bowls of mashed sugar water on a hot day when they are busy with agriculture, which not only quenches their thirst, but also quenches their thirst. Tujia people call mashed sugar water "Tumaotai". The nutritional value of mashed sugar water is not lower than that of beer and drinks produced by any manufacturer. In the eyes of Tujia people, it is not only a drink, but also dew, which is a good gift for visiting relatives and friends on holidays.

Tujia people in Dejiang have exquisite traditional crafts, and skilled craftsmen of Tujia people have created diaojiao buildings. The lifelike wood carvings and stone carvings fully reflect the intelligence of Tujia people. Tujia embroidery technology is unique. Tujia women have a handkerchief, a waist, a pillowcase, a quilt cover, embroidery needles flying up and down, and colorful silk threads are involved. Thus, rivers, mountains and rivers, birds and animals, flowers and plants, and people in the Spring and Autumn Period are vividly presented in front of your eyes and become exquisite handicrafts. I have to admire Tujia people.

Dejiang Tujia ethnic customs are various. There are lively and interesting "slapstick songs" and "Catch the Year" with unique national characteristics, which embody ancestor worship, "crying for marriage", mysterious and primitive "offering sacrifices to the wind god" and happy and peaceful "building ceremony words".

Among the colorful Tujia customs in Dejiang, the most influential is the well-known "Tang Nuo Opera".

Dejiang Tang Nuo Opera

Dejiang Nuo Opera is a typical folk culture. When the Guizhou Provincial Department of Culture staged a folk drama in Sinan in 198 1, Gong J attached great importance to it. After years of exploration, arrangement and publicity by experts, literary and art workers and ethnic workers, Dejiang Nuo opera showed an ancient and profound original style. Tang Nuo's operas were exhibited in Beijing from 65438 to 0986, which caused a sensation in the cultural and artistic circles. Highly praised by experts such as Cao Yu, Hua, Qu, etc., it is known as the "living fossil of drama", thus becoming a world cultural heritage with certain international influence. Since 1987, dozens of experts and scholars from Japan, the United States, French, Singaporean, Korean, Taiwan Province and Hongkong have visited Dejiang.

At present, there are more than 160 art classes engaged in Nuo art activities in Dejiang County. Tang Nuo Opera in Wenping, in particular, has a long history, with schools such as Maoshan, Huashan, Longhushan and Shiniang, and has distinctive dancing, singing, acting and unique skills. It has been invited to give special performances in and out of the province for many times. 1993, he was received by Li Peng, then Prime Minister of the State Council, during the national cultural performance. 1995, Wenping Town was named "the hometown of Nuo Opera in Guizhou" by the Provincial Department of Culture.

Tang Nuo Opera in Dejiang is a kind of folk cultural activity with strong drama color, and it is an exorcism activity that rewards the gods and entertains people, with distinct national consciousness and artistic characteristics. There are mainly 24 kinds of primitive music and operas of Tujia nationality, representing 24 gods. There are two forms of expression: "exorcism" and "wishing to admire the gods". There are many programs, usually in autumn and winter. Nuo opera artists put on masks to perform Nuo sacrifices, singing and dancing, and went through three stages: opening the altar, inviting the opera and closing the altar to send the gods, which lasted for five days or even ten days and a half. Nuo sacrifice performance, rewarding God and entertaining people, with music, characters and complete stories, can be superb. In order to show their magical power, there are some special performances, such as "going up the knife ladder", "going down the oil pan", "stepping on red flowers" and "opening the red mountain".

Dejiang Nuo Opera consists of masks, paintings, musical instruments, Nuo halls and songs and dances of Nuo artists. It not only has a very primitive drama style and preserves the oldest drama tradition, but also the mask art of Nuo opera is unique in the history of China drama, which fully shows the historical traces of drama. Dejiang preserved the original appearance of Nuo opera. From 65438 to 0987, Dejiang held an exhibition of Nuo masks in Beijing, which provided valuable research materials for ethnic, folk, cultural, artistic and religious disciplines.

In June 2020, Dejiang County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Second Army)).

On March 20 19, Dejiang county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.

From 2065438 to March 2009, Dejiang County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou regions).