What does axis mean?

A vertical shaft refers to a well-shaped pipe with vertical walls.

Square, strip or irregular circle on the plane outline. Stripes develop along a set of joints, while squares or circles develop along two sets of joints. The wall of the shaft is steep and almost vertical, and sometimes the water surface of the underground river can be seen from the shaft down. The shaft is a channel for conveying underground sediments or silt when digging or cleaning the culvert of Karez, and it is also an air supply outlet. Due to the different topography and groundwater level, the depth of the well varies from deep to shallow. Generally, the closer to the source well, the deeper it is, and the deepest well can reach more than 90 meters.

Shaft is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects, such as water intake, water diversion, ventilation, slag sliding and air supply. Shaft construction has the characteristics of small floor space and little interference to surrounding construction. However, the shaft construction space is small, the construction period is long, there are many adjacent operations when climbing, the traffic is inconvenient, and the safety risk is outstanding. Shaft can be classified according to diameter, section shape and depth.

Shaft development

Shaft development refers to the shaft development method mainly used to develop roadway. When the dip angle of ore body is more than 45 or less than15, and it is buried deeply, vertical shaft is often used for development. Because of the large lifting capacity of shaft, it is often used in large and medium-sized mines, and shaft development method is widely used in deposit mining. The lifting container in the shaft can be a cage or a bucket, or both a cage and a bucket. These wells are called cage shaft, skip well and mixed well respectively.

Cage hoisting is flexible, but the production capacity is low, skip shaft hoisting capacity is large, but personnel and materials cannot be lifted, and ore loading and unloading system is complex. It is generally believed that when the annual output of iron ore is below 300,000 tons and the well depth is about 300 meters, cage hoisting is adopted. When the annual output of iron ore exceeds 500,000 tons and the depth exceeds 300 meters, skip hoisting is usually adopted. When the development depth is deep, the geological conditions are complex, and the construction is difficult, in order to reduce the development engineering quantity and reduce the number of shafts appropriately, mixed wells can be considered.

Refer to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Axis