Detailed explanation of peitian village

Come to Peitian Village and walk along the stone road into the village entrance. A towering stone arch stands at the crossroads. The word "En" given by Emperor Guangxu on the stone archway upstairs seems to indicate the glory of this ancient village that "no matter where the civil military commanders are, the civil servants will leave the sedan chair and the military attache will leave". It is said that Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty gave it to Wu Bazhen, a bodyguard of Sipin Lanling. Echoing the memorial archway of "respecting morality and carrying things" set up by Wu Chang at the end of the village, it shows the glorious history of civil-military competition in Peitian village and the accumulation of good deeds to help others.

After the Rong En stone archway, there is a Wuwen Temple on the right side of the road. It is said that the temple was built in the early Ming Dynasty, when it was called Guandi Temple. It has only one floor and is dedicated to Guan Gong, Emperor Wu. It was not until the Qianlong period (A.D. 1779) that it was changed to today's two-story Wuwen Hall, also known as Wenchang Pavilion.

Go to the temple to worship Confucius in Wen Sheng. There is a couplet that says: Teachers throughout the ages are models of 100 square meters.

Go to the temple to worship the warrior Guan Gong. There is a couplet that says: I will live up to the meaning of Taoyuan all my life and I will always be loyal to Shu Han.

This kind of civil and military architecture is extremely rare, and the Hakka people's character of respecting literature and martial arts is fully reflected here. Walking in Peitian, the direct feeling is the ubiquitous water. Those criss-crossing canals and ponds form a well-developed water system for cultivating farmland.

In Peitian, the drainage system in the village is mainly composed of puddles, culverts and ponds. There are two water tunnels across the street and lanes in the village, which run through the village and go straight to every household.

According to the memories of the elderly women in the village, the ditch water was crystal clear. They stayed at home, relying on the flowing ditch next to the house to wash the rice, oil and salt.

There is a pond in front of Peitian Village, where many lotus flowers are planted. Presumably, every summer, when the lotus is in full bloom, it will be a beautiful scenery of "infinite lotus leaves and different colors of lotus".

Peitian Village has more than 30 unique ancient houses and buildings, one after another, with scientific layout and strict order. Its style includes almost all common architectural patterns. For example, the enclosure-style "Double Burning Hall", the earthen tower "Wu Sheng Pagoda" and "Bamboo House", the Japanese-style "Wu Family Courtyard", the Japanese-style "Dafudi" and the "Tianhou Palace" with hanging feet. Of course, the most striking thing is the typical building with nine halls and eighteen wells, which combines the advantages of the northern quadrangles. It is completely different from the earth building characterized by external imperial power and the enclosed house characterized by internal closure. It has no walls and holes, but there are pleasing jade screens, zhaobi, fish ponds and flower beds everywhere, which makes people feel that this is a beautiful manor for leisure and health.

The residential buildings in Peitian Village basically adopt the layout of "nine halls and eighteen wells". Strictly speaking, it should belong to the "three-in-one courtyard" residence in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Representative buildings include "Guanting", "Book Collection Hall" and "Shuangzhuo Hall". The largest "nine halls and eighteen wells" compound building in Peitian Village should be the first to promote Shushutang. Jishutang, also known as Dafu Land, is very large. Far more than nine halls and eighteen wells, it has 18 halls, 24 patios and 72 rooms, covering an area of 6,900 square meters.

The square in front of Jishutang is called Waiyuping by local people, and the original moon pool and wall beside it have been destroyed. There are a pair of stone lions, stone drums and two dragon flagpoles left in the apartment. There is a couplet in front of the door, "Water is like a pen around a mountain, and there is a book field at home". From the couplets, we can feel the beauty of the surrounding environment of the building and the owner's pursuit of farming and reading culture. On the gatehouse, this plaque of "Sangongrui" has been hung for 160 years.

After crossing the compound, I came to the central hall with the plaques of "Dafu Land" and "Deng Ke". From these two plaques, we can see the glory and glory of this ancestor.

Go through the patio, go up the steps and enter the hall. The central hall is integrated into one, carved with beams and painted with buildings, and the scene is grand. Here, the host is the place for banquets and weddings. There are master bedrooms on both sides of the hall, which are divided into front room and back room. Another patio enters the back hall, which is the inner room where the owner lives. Different from the outer hall, the decoration here is simple and elegant, and the space scale is cordial and pleasant. There is a rectangular patio behind the back hall and in front of the wall with bonsai plants. The silence here is in stark contrast to the noise in the front hall.

The hall is beautifully carved with quaint furniture.

The most unique thing about Jishutang is the floor in the hall. An expert once visited here and saw the unique floor in the hall of Jishutang. Confused, he asked its owner, "Did you lay the floor before building the house?" They mistakenly think that this stone-like floor is paved with a whole slate. Actually, it is not. It is made of sand, stone, soil and other building materials. It is similar to cement mortar today. After years of rolling and polishing, it became very hard and formed the slate-like ground we see today. This unusual architectural form embodies the wisdom and superb skills of Hakka people.

In Peitian ancient buildings, the commonly used architectural decoration methods are wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, gray carving, clay sculpture, color painting, lacquer painting, brick carving and so on. It is also the Eight Immortals who cross the sea and show their magical powers. The more exquisite and complex the pattern, the more elaborate the craft, and the more important the owner is. Xuanhe is the transportation hub from Gu Ting to Liancheng and Yong 'an, and Peitian Village in Xuanhe Township becomes the connection point of Tinglian Road. There used to be a post station here in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the post station is in today's Guanting. Guanting is also one of the representative buildings of Peitian Jiutang 18 Wells. The house covers an area of 5900 square meters. It is a horizontal house with five entrances and a symmetrical central axis layout. It was founded in Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 300 years. There is a fence, a half-moon pool and a rain platform in front of the Guanting. The blue brick firewall around the house is simple and heavy. In front of the gatehouse, two stone lion drums are in danger, the stone masts stand upright, the walls are round, and the moon is clear and blue.

Peitian is also one of the starting points of the Red Army's Long March. At that time, the Red Army held an important military meeting in Peitian Guanting. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Peng attended the meeting. After the meeting, the Red Army's anti-Japanese advance team embarked on the road of the Long March.

There are two screens in the door. After crossing the road, I entered a big yard with a pair of stone flagpoles. After entering the inner door with the words "Fight for the Mountain", it is the front hall, followed by nave, the main hall and the back hall. Thousands of books used to be stored in the open hall and the left and right wing rooms of the central hall. The back hall is a two-story pavilion, the downstairs hall is an imperial clan, and the upstairs hall is a library pavilion. The village center of Peitian Village is an ancient street about 2000 meters long. There are more than 20 ancestral temples in the west and more than 30 houses and post offices in the east. The winding ancient streets are connected with deep alleys, connecting scattered residential buildings into one. There were 37 shops at the peak of the ancient street, and 23 shops are still well preserved.

There is a beautiful corner at the fork road in the middle of Peitian ancient street, which has become a major landscape of Peitian and a must for photographers to go to Peitian. Occasionally, there are works made in this scene, and the news of winning the film competition comes. There are several rafters in the middle of Peitian Ancient Street, which is not very impressive. There is a couplet at the main entrance, which reads: "Mo Jing Villa". The couplet says: "Half an acre of inkstone fields are full of millet; Count the rafters in Sang Ma. " Compared with the elegance of "Jinshi", this "hoeing villa" is more grassroots.

When most people notice this "villa" for the first time, they can't help wondering, isn't the villa a patent for the rich in the city now? Is it not imported? Didn't the country repeatedly ban the construction of single-family villas? How did it appear in this remote village hundreds of years ago?

In fact, villas originated in China and have existed in China since ancient times. In ancient times, it was called different businesses and different museums. Refers to the residence used to enjoy outdoor life, which is the second residence rather than the first residence. What needs to be explained here is that Peitian people are pragmatic and not luxurious. This "hoe villa" is a new way, but it is a former "vocational education college" and an enlightenment theoretical and practical education place for learning farming and planting skills. Over-the-knee dwellings are the smallest and most exquisite buildings in Peitian ancient dwellings. Although the scale is small, it has profound cultural connotation. Some people say that this is the earliest girls' school. Girls and young women of this race not only learn culture, etiquette and needlework here, but also can "talk about love", that is, they can practice physiological knowledge related to marriage and childbirth. The four-character plaque "Talking about the Wind and Moon" is embedded in the mossy stone wall on the front of the main hall, which is full of ancient meaning and makes people daydream.

The most beautiful "Dushuo Mansion" in ancient villages has been burned in the sea of fire, leaving only its ruins with its original features. There is a Yanqing Hall on the left side of Dushuo House, which is the Wu General Ancestral Hall in Peitian. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and expanded in the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), more than 600 years ago. It is a well-preserved typical Ming Dynasty building, which combines the national architectural art of China and Hakka culture.

The gate of Yanqing Hall is not opposite the lobby, but in the southeast of the mansion. You have to go through an inner door to see the stage, the middle hall and the upper hall. The structure of this door is similar to that of Beijing Siheyuan. This hall can accommodate hundreds of people to worship their ancestors for dinner. It turns out that there are more than 40 carved plaques and academic gold medals. During the Cultural Revolution, they were abolished as "Four Old", and now only the "Jiaoqi" plaque erected in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734) remains. In addition, there are memorial tablets (remnants), shrines, music records, photo boxes, stone incense burners and so on. The hall is engraved with the Yang Dynasty, silently telling the glory of that year.

Yanqing Hall and Stage are important places for Peitian villagers to worship their ancestors. If you are lucky enough to catch up with the festival, you can also enjoy local traditional drama performances here. If it is a normal weekend, there will be a local Hakka folk song and dance performance specially prepared for tourists around 3 pm. Time is not long, but it is also very special. Don't miss it. Wu Jia Courtyard is located on the left side of Shuangzhuo Hall, which is the central area of field allocation. It is also a typical building type with nine halls and eighteen wells. Six courtyards deep. With reception capacity, it is a good place to stay, eat and rest in Peitian. There is also a sea of tea, a coffee table and a wooden sofa for making tea in the hall. It must be very emotional to sit in the hall and chat over tea at night.

The Wu Courtyard, originally not called Wu Courtyard, was called Burning Hall. Founded in the late Qing Dynasty, the main body was completed in the early Republic of China. Covering an area of 1200 square meters, with brick and wood structure. By 2004, it was in a shaky and shaky state. Later, a visionary businessman spent a lot of money to renovate it. Build guest houses and canteens to receive visiting tourists. Jinshi is the best preserved residential building in Peitian and the ancestral home of Wu Bazhen. The gate is a three-in-one door, which means "the right time, the right place and the harmony of people". The courtyard behind the entrance hall is exquisite and elegant, with literati enjoying tea and paintings, and the style of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting is quite elegant. On the forehead of the main entrance, there is a "Bangyuan" Jinshi plaque, which is "the top three and eighth Wu Jinshi in palace examination, the bodyguard of Lanling". This plaque of Bangyuan in the house was hung after Wu Jinshi in his high school. Inside the main hall, a plaque reads "Wubentang" with dignified characters. Behind the gate, there is a precious slogan left by Peng Bu of the Red Army-Oriental Corps. It is also a strong evidence of this dusty history.

Looking at these large-scale quadrangle buildings in Peitian, we are all amazed. This is really a place with talented people and outstanding people. However, what interests me the most, impresses me the most, and sighs me the most are those Gu Xiang.

Next to every big house in Peitian, there is a passage one or two meters wide, which is a deep roadway. Thick walls on both sides, like a canyon in the sky, have no end in sight. And those mosses, those stripes, those spots record the vicissitudes of time. The ground is covered with dense pebbles, like a heavy history book.