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The dog suddenly fell ill.
(1) Viral and bacterial diseases 1. Canine distemper Canine distemper is the most serious viral infectious disease in dogs, and it is highly contagious. It mainly occurs in puppies aged 3- 12 months, and can also be infected in other age groups. Besides dogs, wolves, foxes and other wild animals also occur, especially minks and ferrets, which are very susceptible to diseases, so they pose a great threat to the mink industry. The eyes, nose secretions, saliva and feces of sick dogs contain viruses, which are infected through the upper respiratory mucosa. Some damages (such as improper feeding and management, parasites inside and outside the body) will promote the occurrence of epidemics, and people's clothes and shoes are also toxic. Once the virus invades the body and multiplies, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bordetella bronchiseptica are easily infected, which complicates the epidemic situation. Symptoms: The incubation period is 7-8 days. The initial fever (39.5-41℃) decreased to normal temperature after 3-4 days, and then increased on112 days. The sick dog has loss of appetite, listlessness, serous or purulent secretions (lymphocytes and neutrophils) in nasal cavity and eye mucosa, which are lower than 6× 109/ L (6000/m3), tonsillitis and flushing in pharyngeal mucosa. According to the clinical symptoms and pathological features, it can be divided into four types: catarrhal type is very common, sneezing, sometimes coughing, conjunctival pallor, serous or mucosal conjunctivitis, shyness, anorexia and sometimes mild diarrhea. Then there is the respiratory type, and the symptoms are aggravated. In addition to the original pharyngitis, laryngitis, respiratory mucosal infection and bronchitis will occur. There is rale in auscultation, and real sound (voiced sound) in percussion. Nasal secretions are purulent yellow-green. The sick dog had difficulty breathing and gasped with his mouth open. Eczema type has normal or high body temperature (39.4℃). Purulent herpes appeared on chest, abdomen, inner leg and armpit skin. At first, erythema appeared on the skin, then yellow-green blisters formed, and then pustules formed. Pustules rupture, leaving white spots. Many scholars have also listed eye types. In fact, except eczema, you can see any type. Eyelid closure with purulent secretion. Conjunctivitis can also spread to cornea and eyes, causing pannus, ulcer and perforation. Gastrointestinal type (gastrointestinal type) salivation, vomiting, diarrhea (watery, jam-like, even bloody or frothy), dehydration, emaciation and weakness. Mouth and tongue ulcers. Neurotype is a special type with no obvious changes in internal organs. Generally, symptoms appear suddenly after "recovery" 14 days. It is characterized by rhythmic and persistent spasm of labial muscles, temporal muscles, masticatory muscles, limbs and trunk muscles, and then paralysis. At first, the hind legs were unstable, then the legs were weak, and later they could not stand, and they died of respiratory paralysis. Another nerve type is characterized by seizures, spasms and barking. In severe cases, hearing, smell and vision all disappear. Sick dogs will self-destruct, bite pustules (itch) and even show their bones. The general mortality rate is 20%-50%, and the neurological type is 90%. Immortals gain lifelong immunity. Diagnosis: According to clinical symptoms, make a suspected diagnosis. Inclusion bodies must be found in infected tissues to make a definite diagnosis. It is more important to isolate the virus with ferrets and diagnose it with fluorescent antibody technology. Prevention and treatment: immune serum combined with antibiotic therapy. Generally speaking, it is support and symptomatic treatment, combined with antipyretic, sedative and antibiotic treatment. The fundamental problem is immunization. The first time was after weaning, and then inoculated twice after 3-4 months old, with an interval of two weeks. 2. Rabies Rabies is an infectious disease of mammals (including humans) and chickens caused by neurotrophic viruses. Animals such as dogs, foxes and wolves are the storage hosts of viruses, and the salivary glands of bats are also toxic. Animals with asymptomatic recessive infection can detoxify for a long time. All of the above constitute the source of infection of rabies in humans and animals. The virus mainly exists in the central nervous system and salivary glands. It is transmitted through the bite of a sick dog or skin and mucous membrane damage. Viruses are sensitive to all kinds of disinfection. The virus can pass through rats, mice, rabbits and chicken embryos, and its virulence is weakened, so it can be used to prepare attenuated vaccines. Symptoms: Different incubation periods are closely related to the distance between the bite site and the brain. The closer, the faster. The range is 12-360 days, usually 2-8 weeks. According to the clinical manifestations, it can be divided into three stages, sometimes not obvious. At the beginning of the melancholy period, the dog became willful and bad-tempered. The sick dog was afraid of the light, huddled in the corner and in the dark, and bit the air aimlessly. When the excitement period increases, you jump when you are slightly stimulated, and your pupils shrink or enlarge, denying your master. Bite something that you can't digest or eat at ordinary times (such as wood and stone). I want to drink water, but I can't drink it. My mouth is watering. This stage lasts about 1/2-3 days, that is, it turns into a period of violence. Animals bite people and other things (such as chains, cages, etc.) ) In a rage, run aimlessly. They can run far away and no longer know their home, but at this time they stop barking. Ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, strabismus. After about 1/2-8 days, it entered the inhibition period, muscle group paralysis, jaw, tongue and eyes paralysis. Mandibular paralysis is like opening your mouth and screaming, but you can't make a sound. Adult limbs, total paralysis, and finally death. Dumb (silent) jaw drooping, dull face, dull eyes, drooling, unable to swallow because of muscle paralysis, especially when there is foreign body obstruction. Hoarse voice, conjunctival congestion, purulent discharge in eyes, dilated pupils, no eating or drinking, and muscle tremor when standing. Diagnosis: Preliminary diagnosis can be made according to typical symptoms. Because many cases have atypical symptoms, but there are early detoxification and human and animal infections, it is necessary to make a diagnosis as soon as possible. Fluorescent antibody method is rapid and accurate. In addition, smears or slices of brain hippocampus are taken to examine intracellular inclusions of nerve cells, or mice are inoculated, but it takes a long time. Prevention: Regular preventive injection (with attenuated vaccine or inactivated vaccine). Slaughter sick dogs. When people and dogs are suspected to be bitten by sick dogs, they should thoroughly disinfect the wounds, squeeze out the blood stasis, locally disinfect with soapy water, 0. 1% mercuric chloride water, alcohol and tincture of iodine, and treat with serum or immunize. 3. Pseudorabies Pseudorabies is an acute infectious disease in mammals caused by pseudorabies virus. The disease naturally occurs in cattle, dogs, cats, rats and pigs; Because the virus has a strong resistance to the external environment, dogs are infected by eating pigs, rats and viscera suffering from pseudorabies, or skin wounds. 100% died after the onset of infection. The virus has no resistance to disinfectants such as bleaching powder and formaldehyde solution, and can be used for disinfection. Symptoms: The incubation period is 3-6 days. At the beginning of the disease, he seemed indifferent, but later he felt uneasy, refused to eat and often vomited. Start licking skin wounds, and then tickle. In the future, a wide range of rotten spots will be produced and the surrounding tissues will swell. You can see that some cases are biting various objects and jumping off the wall. Pharyngeal paralysis, inability to swallow, drooling. The pupil size is unequal, and the reflex is weakened. The muscles of the head, neck and lips sometimes twitch. Diagnosis: pathogen isolation, immunofluorescence and serum neutralization test should be done to confirm the diagnosis. Prevention and treatment: there is no specific therapy, only immune serum and vaccine are effective. 0. 1% caustic soda water is used for disinfection of kennels. 4. Viral hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by adenovirus. The saliva, feces and urine of sick dogs are all toxic. Dogs that recover from illness can detoxify for a long time. The disease is transmitted by mouth or contact. Because the virus has a strong resistance to the external environment, the things used by sick dogs should be thoroughly disinfected. Puppies of 2-3 months are particularly susceptible. Many scholars reported that many cases were positive but asymptomatic in the complement fixation test of healthy dogs. Symptoms: the incubation period is 3-5 days, the initial body temperature rises as high as 465438 0℃, mental fatigue, loss of appetite, and polydipsia (vomiting after drinking too much water, then drinking). The oral mucosa is bloodshot and bright red, the tonsils are inflamed, and the submandibular lymph nodes are obviously enlarged. There is serous purulent secretion in the eyes, and I am afraid of light. Skin and mucous membrane bleeding, occasional jaundice, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sometimes bloody stool, arch back. The liver area is tender, and the sick dog groans in pain. Urine is dark yellow or black tea. Leukopenia (lymphocytes and neutrophils) is 2×109/l (2000/m3 mm), and 20%-30% of dogs have corneal opacity. Some sick dogs are accompanied by nervous system symptoms, muscle spasms in limbs and neck, exercise ataxia, hind limb paralysis or drowsiness. The mortality rate is around 20%. The sick dog has lasting immunity after recovery. Diagnosis: Because this disease is often infected with canine distemper, the diagnosis should be cautious. The diagnosis depends on the discovery of inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and complement fixation test. Infect foxes and dogs artificially, but not ferrets. Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of onset, adult dog serum can be injected subcutaneously 10 ml every other day 1 time, * * * 2-3 times. Intravenous injection of 50% glucose solution (containing 250 mg of vitamin C) 20-40 ml, or ATP day. Oral Gantaile, 3 times a day, 2-3 tablets each time. The sick dogs were isolated in time and disinfected with 3% sodium hydroxide solution. New dogs should be quarantined. During the epidemic period, puppies should be injected subcutaneously with healthy dog serum once a week, 3 ml each time, and injected twice. 5. Canine Parvovirus Infection Canine Parvovirus Infection 1978 was first discovered in the United States and also occurred in China. This disease can only be seen in dogs, especially puppies. Natural infection is mainly through direct and indirect contact. The feces, urine, vomit and saliva of sick dogs contain viruses. Viruses pollute food, bedding and the environment, causing infection. The morbidity is 20%- 100%, and the mortality is 10%-50%. The mortality rate is the highest within 4 weeks. The virus thrives best on the skin of cat kidney cells. In the host, the virus propagates on intestinal epithelial cells and myocardial cells, causing enteritis and myocarditis. The virus has similar antigenicity to feline plague fever (panleukopenia) virus, and there is a serological cross reaction between them. The feces and urine of rehabilitation dogs can be toxic for a long time, while dogs with recessive infection are toxic, which are all dangerous sources of infection. Symptoms: There are two kinds. Enteritis type generally vomits first, then blood sample diarrhea occurs, and tomato juice-like or bloody and rancid loose stool is discharged. Mental depression, loss of appetite, and temperature increase of 40-465438 0℃. The sick dog quickly dehydrated and died of exhaustion. Some cases show intermittent diarrhea, and some cases have small blisters in the mouth, forming ulcers. 0.5-2×109/l (500-2000/m3 mm) decreased significantly. Myocarditis usually has no symptoms or only mild diarrhea, sudden failure, dyspnea and death. Diagnosis: According to epidemiology and symptoms, a preliminary diagnosis can be made, and the final diagnosis depends on the determination of antibody titer and fecal hemagglutinin titer. Prevention and treatment: there is no specific treatment for this disease, and most of them are symptomatic treatment. During dehydration, a large amount of infusion should be given and antibiotics should be used to prevent secondary infection. Vaccines are available in China (inactivated canine parvovirus and feline plague vaccine). 6. Canine coronavirus infection has not been reported in China, but it has spread widely abroad. With the implementation of opening to the outside world and introduction, we should attach importance to it. Canine coronavirus can infect dogs of all breeds and ages (especially puppies) and cause diarrhea. The route of infection is digestive tract, which is mainly caused by contact with feces and pollutants discharged by sick dogs. Viruses live in feces for 6-9 days, and pollutants can remain infectious in water for several days. Canine coronavirus can react with antiserum of feline infectious peritonitis virus and porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, indicating that these three viruses may be a group of viruses. This virus is sensitive to heat, ultraviolet rays and general chemicals. Symptoms: incubation period 1-3 days. The disease spreads rapidly and can spread to the whole group within a few days. Generally, the first symptoms are drowsiness, fatigue and repeated vomiting. Subsequently, the feces changed from mushy or semi-mushy to watery, orange or green, containing mucus or blood, with or without fever, leukopenia, rapid dehydration and death. With the increase of age, the mortality rate decreases. Some cases have no clinical symptoms. Canine coronavirus is often mixed with parvovirus to form canine diarrhea epidemic. Treatment: symptomatic treatment, no vaccine available. 7. Tuberculosis Dog Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans or cattle. It is mainly caused by eating sputum from tuberculosis patients or inhaling air containing bacteria. It can also be infected by contact with sick cows and cats with open tuberculosis. On the contrary, sick dogs can also infect people. Infection is mainly through the respiratory tract and digestive tract. Many old dogs are kept indoors and lack exercise. Bacteria have strong viability in the external environment, but they can be killed by heating at 60℃ for 30 minutes, and 10% bleaching powder has a good effect. Streptomycin, kanamycin, isoniazid and p-aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the growth of bacteria and are used for treatment. Symptoms: Because the disease is a chronic disease, the sick dog will not show symptoms for a long time, and then there will be loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, progressive emaciation, listlessness and so on. Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by cough (dry cough), which later turns into wet cough with mucus and pus. Digestive tract tuberculosis is characterized by digestive dysfunction, intractable diarrhea, emaciation and anemia, often accompanied by ascites. Skin tuberculosis mostly occurs in the neck with irregular edges and granulation tissue at the bottom of the ulcer. Diagnosis: The suspected sick dog was diagnosed by tuberculin eyelid intradermal allergy test. The eyelid intradermal test is to inject 0. 1 ml intradermally under the eyelid margin 1 cm, and observe whether there is local swelling and systemic reaction for 36 hours. Prevention and treatment: cull sick dogs, or treat them with streptomycin and kanamycin, and thoroughly isolate and disinfect them. 8. Brucellosis Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella. The pathogens are Brucella abortus, Brucella suis and Brucella canis. Because the disease is mostly recessive infection, we should pay attention to keeping dogs in pastoral areas and rural areas. Cattle, sheep and pigs can spread the disease to other animals and people. Infected pregnant bitches will excrete a lot of bacteria with the fetus, placenta and fetal water during delivery and abortion, and vaginal secretions and milk after abortion also contain bacteria. The disease is mainly infected through digestive tract and conjunctiva. Symptoms: Male dogs can cause orchitis and female dogs can cause abortion. Prevention and treatment: through the diagnosis of complement fixation reaction, sick dogs are found to be culled. People who come into contact with dogs should be vigilant and pay attention to protection. 9. The pathogen of tetanus is Clostridium tetanus. It is widely found in soil and dust, as well as in silt and human and animal manure. Trauma, especially castration and tail amputation, is most likely to cause wound pollution due to lax disinfection. Symptoms: muscle tonic spasm, increased reflex excitability and easy convulsion. Typical symptoms are erect ears, close together, stiff, drooping eyelids, straight limbs, tight teeth, and forced smiles after quarreling. Prevention and treatment: trauma should be treated in time and tetanus antitoxin should be injected. The sick dog should be given careful care, symptomatic treatment, sedation and spasmolysis with magnesium sulfate or chlorpromazine. 10. leptospirosis is also called leptospirosis. Two serotypes, treponema haemorrhagica jaundice and leptospira canis, are pathogenic to dogs. Silver plating and Giemsa staining can well show that bacteria are spiral, and one or both ends are bent into hooks. General disinfection methods can kill this kind of bacteria quickly. Infectious hemorrhagic jaundice is hemorrhagic jaundice caused by leptospira, which mainly attacks puppies. Dogs get sick because they swallow sick mice, or because they come into contact with water contaminated by the urine of sick mice from their mouths and eyes. Symptoms: fever, weakness, loss of appetite and vomiting in the early stage of the disease. A week later, the skin mucosa turned yellow, bleeding was visible, and he died a few days later. It can be diagnosed by bacteriological examination of blood, urine and internal organs. Canine typhoid fever is caused by leptospira canis, which mainly occurs in older dogs and is sometimes epidemic. The excrement of sick dogs (especially urine) pollutes water sources or appliances and is infected through mucous membranes and injured skin of susceptible dogs. Symptoms: fever, thirst, diarrhea with blood, foul urine in the mouth, oliguria or anuria, the protein content in urine reaches 0.2%, the amount of urea increases, and there are renal epithelium and casts in urine sediment. Chronic symptoms are still dull and even lethargic. Ulcer, intestinal spasm and abdominal pain can be seen in the skin and mucosa of cheeks, lips, tongue and gums. Treatment: isolate sick dogs and use antibiotics such as streptomycin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline combined with symptomatic treatment-vitamin C supplementation, intravenous glucose injection and cardiotonic diuresis. Thoroughly disinfect kennels and appliances. 1 1. Clostridium botulinum is poisoning caused by eating rotten and unclean food (which contains botulinum toxin). The incubation period is short. Conjunctivitis is the main manifestation, followed by corneal ulcer, iritis, hyphema, miosis and strabismus. Loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing food and constipation. Paralysis of neck and shoulder muscles and imbalance of leg muscles. Finally, she passed out and suffocated. Many situations can be redeemed. Treatment: symptomatic treatment, enema to clean the digestive tract. Giving fresh meat instead of spoiled food is an extremely important factor in preventing diseases. /showtopic-238294.html
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