Taking labor education as a breakthrough in the integration of "five educations" (read once a day)

In the mottled forest of Du Ying, Dendrobium planted by students are covered with the thick trunk of Elaeagnus davidiana. "Choose camphor tree, willow tree or Duying tree", "How to plant Dendrobium can make it survive better" …… Students study various types of trees on campus in groups to find out which trees are more suitable for planting Dendrobium. In the first month of planting, some students watered it almost every day. Later, they gradually found that excessive watering was not conducive to the growth of Dendrobium, and it was appropriate to water it once or twice a week. By setting up a project team, students have experienced the whole process of project-based learning, which is "introducing situations, defining tasks-collecting data, making plans-independent cooperation, concrete implementation-guidance by instruction, process inspection-showing results, revising and perfecting-summarizing and evaluating, and expanding".

This is the "Project-based Learning of Planting Dendrobium on Trees" in Huanglong No.3 Primary School in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and it is also a new way of presenting labor education. As a model school of labor education in Wenzhou, Huanglong No.3 Primary School has built a campus labor practice base, a succulent plant planting area, a Dendrobium planting area, and a Jiahe fruit and vegetable plantation ... Students really carry out problem-solving learning activities in labor practice.

In addition to creating a good working atmosphere, the school is constantly improving the new curriculum system of labor education: school-based courses at the school level include skillful hand dyeing workshop, aerospace model, West Point making, Ou embroidery, etc. At the family level, it is a series of domestic courses in different years, such as the first-year self-reliance course, the third-year happy planting course and the fifth-year gourmet cooking course. At the social level, professional experience activities such as "Little Banker" in Lucheng Rural Commercial Bank, "Little Salesman" in 55 Square and "Little Maintainer" in Flower and Tree Market have been carried out.

"The labor education in the new era does not narrowly refer to manual labor or direct productive labor, nor can it be narrowed down to planting labor, but is a practical activity based on manual labor and material productive labor, exploratory and innovative labor, and artistic and aesthetic labor." President Ye Kebiao said. Under his leadership, schools, families and society help each other to form a virtuous circle, and labor education is regarded as the breakthrough of the integration of "five educations", so as to realize the educational goal of "cultivating morality through labor, enhancing wisdom through labor, strengthening physique through labor, educating beauty through labor, and innovating through labor".

"Exploring interdisciplinary integration-establishing a long-term mechanism for labor education"

In March last year, the State Council issued "Opinions on comprehensively strengthening labor education in universities, primary and secondary schools in the new era", and labor education has become a hot topic in current educational research. Under the background of the new era, labor education should have a higher conception and position. Since 218, Huanglong No.3 Primary School has actively explored the construction of a new system of labor education in the new era, established a long-term mechanism of labor education, and played the role of labor education in all-round education.

Curriculum is the foothold of education reform. In Huanglong No.3 Primary School, all disciplines have labor elements, which reflects the integration consciousness of disciplines. For example, in courses such as ethics and rule of law, Chinese, etc., we focus on the cultivation of labor concept and attitude, in mathematics courses, we focus on the cultivation of professional understanding and labor skills, and in science courses, we focus on the cultivation of hands-on ability. "There are many situations and materials of labor education in the textbook, which are extremely rich in types of labor and workers, close to the actual life of students. Our mathematics group has compiled the situations and contents related to labor education in the whole primary school stage and infiltrated labor education in subject teaching." Mathematics teacher Link said. When teaching "planting trees", Link used "saplings" to simulate work, so that students could verify the rationality of their various guesses. After teaching "percentage application" and other knowledge, Link set up a simulated trading platform for students to play different professional workers with the promotion of shopping malls as the starting point.

There are many intersections between science and labor education. The unit of "Animal's Life" in the third grade science textbook involves sericulture. Ang Lee, a science teacher, designed and built a warm and comfortable home for silkworm babies with her students through project-based learning. Driven by real questions, students learned about the long history of sericulture in China, the living conditions and four different growth periods of silkworm babies, and then consulted materials to learn sericulture skills. By drawing design patterns, students make real models and design comfortable and characteristic silkworm houses. Combined with the unique resources of the school-mulberry, students pick mulberry, raise silkworm, reel silk and peel cocoon, actively observe and carefully record in the activities, and feel the happiness brought by silkworm life and labor.

The school's labor education is not only integrated with regular disciplines, but also integrated with extended courses and theme activity courses. Scarves printed with plant patterns, mirrors with homemade blue calico elements, storage bags, princess skirts decorated with osmanthus vein specimens ... This is a five-year skillful dyeing workshop course. Students not only learn to dye cloth, but also produce various creative works.

There is a fruit and vegetable plantation on the roof of the school, which is an "aerial planting base" for fruits and vegetables opened by teachers. Teacher Yan Liren is responsible for leading students to plant fruits and vegetables in all seasons. In the harvest season, in addition to a part of the fruits of labor, teachers will also organize students to set up stalls at the school gate and use the proceeds from the charity sale to carry out charity donation activities. Yan Liren said: "In the planting activities, students experienced the whole process of planting and learned the planting techniques; When the fruit is ripe, every student feels the joy of harvest. "

"I learned a lot in the course of fruit and vegetable cultivation, such as how to make organic fertilizer for growing at home. I heard that tomatoes can be planted by cutting after pruning, so I planted tomatoes by cutting, and now they have survived. Teacher Yan also took us to plant sunflowers, eggplants, pumpkins, etc. The fruits and vegetables in our plantation are so rich! " Jin Ronghui, a fifth-grade student, said happily.

"Innovative project-based learning makes labor practice more creative"

Environmental culture is not only an important educational resource, but also a deep soil for students' growth. Walking into the campus, the first thing that catches your eye is the succulent potted plants of different sizes in the "Red Scarf Agricultural Innovation Park and succulent Planting Base" on the left. This is the result of students' succulent cultivation in the course of home economics. From the appearance of flowerpots, plant varieties, splicing, etc., students need to conceive, and finally design creative fleshy shapes. In the green area on the right, the school has installed two wooden planting boxes. Every year when the sowing season comes, teachers and students plant colorful peppers, space pumpkins, tomato trees, dwarf sunflowers and other different scientific and technological crops together-students can observe the growth and changes of plants every day as soon as they enter the school gate and feel the magic of scientific and technological agriculture.

In the classrooms of each class, students put on airs to show the achievements of each domestic economics course, so that greenery and flowers can seep into the classroom. The micro-transformation of these campus spaces not only meets the needs of urban primary school labor planting bases, but also enables students to "talk" with every plant at any time and realize the connection between education and nature.

every flower and tree is a course. In the first "Osmanthus fragrans Festival" held by the school last year, teachers of Chinese, music, English, fine arts and physical education tried to integrate disciplines, and * * * carried out activities such as writing Osmanthus fragrans, painting Osmanthus fragrans and speaking Osmanthus fragrans in English. Activities are integrated with labor education. While playing and drying osmanthus, students also make osmanthus creative works and osmanthus food.

"This is a wonderful appointment with Osmanthus fragrans, and teachers and students are fascinated by it. Here is the embellishment of our beautiful life, the enlightenment of healthy life, and the fun of labor experience. " Li Linlin, the brigade counselor, said. How to make fragrant osmanthus sachets? Ren Langlang, an art teacher, explained and demonstrated the production process to the students, and the students exchanged ideas, such as threading needles, sewing, bagging and beading ... Under the guidance of the teacher, the fragrant sachets with exquisite shapes and Gui Xiang fragrance were made. The production of osmanthus soap is more complicated, which requires soap base, olive oil, dried osmanthus and molds. After learning relevant knowledge, students first put the container with soap base in a pot, heat it in water until it is completely melted, then add olive oil, sprinkle with dried osmanthus, and finally pour the soap solution into the mold with the logo of "Huanglong Sanxiao", and then demould it after solidification. A small sweet-scented osmanthus soap not only combines students' labor and creativity, but also becomes a campus gift with school characteristics.

As a breakthrough in the integration of "five educations", labor education needs to get through the relationship among schools, families and society. There is a Chinese cooking practice base in the southeast corner of the school. Students should learn to cook four dishes and one soup when they graduate, including at least one ou dish. "Four Dishes and One Soup" has entrusted the blessing of the school to the students, and it is also the inheritance and development of Oucai culture.

Students need firewood when cooking, which they need to collect in the green space of the school. Each group has an earthen stove, and the members of the group go to the supermarket to purchase in advance, and then wash and choose vegetables, manipulate knives, cook and oil, wipe and wash, and serve food ... Students learn to make food by hand and are willing to serve others. Xie Yuqing, a student, explored the method of making the classic Chinese cabbage "three-thread shrimp". Ruan Jieqian, director of moral education, commented: "Students learned to search for recipes and prepare raw materials by themselves in the process of making" three-thread shrimp ".They will also look for cooking tips, practice and accumulate experience in failure, and the process of practicing again is the real experience of labor education." A student's parents said with emotion: "After the school launched the Chinese food production course, the children changed obviously. They often studied how to cook at home, and now they can cook a good table for us!" The "Wenzhou Famous Snack Workshop" led by teacher Feng Haiwei has produced a series of snacks with regional characteristics, such as Yongjia Wheat Cake and Dengzhan Cake.

Reforming the evaluation mechanism-promoting labor education to take root

Nowadays, students actively participate in every job on campus, and the school hopes to form students' basic sense of responsibility and responsibility. In the younger years, the health duty was all completed by students. Teachers Cheng Haisu and Chen Chao made a small video on duty and played it at the morning meeting. Teachers Chen Xujia and Huang Yuehua carefully designed the labor class on duty to guide students to pay attention to various details of health cleaning. Middle-aged students take turns to participate in the distribution of Chinese food and carry tableware, and the daily maintenance of student waiting room, school library and school labor practice base is also completed by them. Senior students independently explore how to clean the glass, and also summarize the tips of dipping the dishcloth in edible alkali or white vinegar. The questionnaire shows that after the implementation of labor education, students' labor cognition, labor attitude, labor skills, labor duration and other aspects have been significantly improved, and creative labor consciousness is particularly evident in many students.

The core value of labor education lies in the all-round development of students and the cultivation of their innovative spirit and practical ability. Therefore, the evaluation of labor education should be comprehensive and pluralistic: first, summative evaluation should be combined with process evaluation, which should not only evaluate the quality of students' labor achievements and labor skills, but also evaluate students' attitudes and habits in the process of labor, as well as their teamwork ability and innovation ability; Second, students' self-evaluation is combined with students' evaluation, parents' evaluation and teachers' evaluation; The third is the combination of display evaluation, sharing evaluation and competition evaluation.

The school has also incorporated labor education into students' comprehensive quality evaluation report, developed a design evaluation scale, and comprehensively evaluated students' labor performance in multiple ways. The digital evaluation system of "Smart Campus" developed by the school takes labor education as an important part of the evaluation system-this platform can display the process and achievements of students' labor, and can also generate points, which students can exchange for gifts, and the total points are used as an important basis for the evaluation of "campus laborers".

in the aspect of demonstration evaluation, the school collects labor achievements from each class, and selects a number of labor achievements with characteristics and easy promotion, and evaluates them in the form of pushing publicity short articles and short videos and on-site display. Wenchuang Garden displays exquisite paper-cutting, painting and fabric works by students, and students' labor practice manuals are hung in the corridor ... Students will also receive corresponding labor points and collection certificates. The school constantly builds a display platform to create a strong atmosphere of labor education.

"My work has been shown in the classroom by the class teacher for many times, and everyone praised me for my dexterity, so I was also rated as a' small worker'." Zhou Lexin, a third-year student, proudly said, "I remember that the school held an cultural fair last semester, and I created a paper work" Flowers Blooming ",which was taken away by others in the auction. The teacher said that the money from the auction will be donated to children with poor families. I am very happy. It turns out that my labor can also help others. "

In Huanglong No.3 Primary School, labor education is not only in the field, but also integrated into students' daily study and life. For a school, we should not "work for the sake of labor", but take labor as an important course that can forge personality and realize life growth throughout school education. Regarding the future, Ye Kebiao also has relevant plans: "We will take the concept of' five educations' integration as the core, take the transformation of labor education learning methods as the base point, establish a more systematic, perfect and rich curriculum system of labor practice activities, and explore a new labor education model of' Trinity and Three Innovations in One'."