The meaning and history of traditional Chinese medicine

The meaning of traditional Chinese medicine: drugs recognized and used under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory.

Chinese herbal medicine: refers to the Chinese herbal medicine resources that have just been collected from nature, cleaned and dried in the place of origin, and cannot be directly used in formulations and preparations without special processing.

Pieces of Chinese herbal medicine: According to the nature of Chinese herbal medicine and the needs of clinical use, it needs to be reprocessed into different shapes such as tablets, segments, blocks or granules, or directly used in preparations or pharmacy prescriptions after special processing.

Chinese patent medicine: Chinese patent medicine is an excellent prescription which is safe, effective and universal in clinical application. It can be a classic prescription, an ancient prescription or a modern empirical prescription. Consider the characteristics of the drug in the prescription (such as whether the active ingredient is soluble in water and whether it can be crushed after drying). ), combined with clinical requirements for prescription (such as the speed of curative effect, etc. ), selecting appropriate dosage forms, and finally making into pills, ointments or modern tablets and tablets.

The meaning of TCM: broad sense and narrow sense.

Chinese medicine in a broad sense: all the research and introduction of theories, knowledge and technologies related to Chinese medicine belong to the category of Chinese medicine, including a series of disciplines specializing in the source, identification, chemistry, processing, preparation, pharmacology, clinic and application of Chinese medicine.

Narrow sense Chinese medicine: also known as clinical Chinese medicine, aims to use Chinese medicine safely, effectively and reasonably, and mainly studies and introduces the traditional theory, performance and clinical application knowledge of Chinese medicine.

History of TCM development:

1. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica in Qin and Han Dynasties, referred to as Benjing, contains 365 kinds of drugs. According to the toxicity and the function of tonifying deficiency and eliminating evil, it can be divided into upper, middle and lower products, with upper middle product 120 and lower product 125.

Academic value: First, the literature value is the earliest existing pharmaceutical monograph in China. The second is the theoretical value, which initially laid the theoretical foundation of pharmacy, summarized the compatibility relationship, and also talked about the choice of drug dosage forms. Thirdly, it has practical value. The drugs contained in it are simple and proven, and they have been used for a long time.

2. Tao Hongjing's Notes on Materia Medica in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is divided into three parts, the first part is the whole content of Shennong Herbal Classic, the second part is the author's supplementary content, that is, the famous doctor's Bielu, and the third part is the author's comments. * * * Received 730 kinds of medicines.

Academic value: First of all, it pioneered the method of classifying drugs according to their natural attributes. The second is to establish the basic model of comprehensive materia medica.

3. The newly revised Materia Medica in the Tang Dynasty was mainly written by Su Jing (later called Su Gong), and 844 kinds of drugs, * * *, were added to the Notes on Materia Medica.

Academic value: First, it is the first official herb in the history of China, so it is also called Tang Herbal Medicine. The second is to create a precedent for graphic comparison of materia medica.

4. The most influential and valuable book in Song Dynasty is Compendium of Classics, History and Materia Medica written by Tang Shenwei in Northern Song Dynasty.

Academic value: First, the value of literature, citing a large number of materials of prescription science since the Northern Song Dynasty, with a complicated style, and most of the original books cited have been lost. This is the first ancient Chinese medicine document preserved in its original appearance. Second, many precedents have been set in materia medica.

5. Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty. There are 1892 kinds of drugs, which are divided into 60 categories.

Academic value: First, it integrates the pharmaceutical achievements of China/KLOC-before the 6th century. Second, it is called16th century encyclopedia of China by foreign scholars.

6. Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty, written by Zhao Xuemin.

Academic value: The Compendium of Materia Medica has been revised and supplemented.

7. Dictionary of Pharmacy in China during the Republic of China edited by Chen Cunren.

Note: Lei Gong's baking theory in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the first branch of traditional Chinese medicine.

The meaning of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine: under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the high generalization of drug treatment and health care is a special manifestation of the medical effect of drugs on human body in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Simply put, it is the treatment and health care function of traditional Chinese medicine on human body.

Note: 1, this effect is only for the traditional route of administration. (such as mirabilite, but intravenous injection is ineffective; Fructus Aurantii Immaturus can raise blood pressure, and Trichosanthes root is used to induce labor in the middle term, which is only effective under intravenous injection. ) 2, the effect is the role of a single medicine, not a compound.

Efficacy classification: according to the etiology and pathogenesis of major diseases, it is divided into three categories: eliminating pathogenic factors, strengthening the body resistance and regulating viscera; According to drug management, there are two categories: treatment and health care.

Therapeutic effect of "syndrome": syndrome is a comprehensive summary of the cause, nature and location of the disease at a certain stage, and it is a diagnosis of the nature of the patient's condition. (such as damp-heat syndrome and blood stasis syndrome)

Therapeutic efficacy of "disease": disease is a summary of the characteristics and laws of the whole process of a specific disease and represents the basic contradiction of the disease. (e.g. malaria and ascariasis)

Therapeutic effect on "syndrome": eliminating or relieving patients' conscious symptoms or clinical signs. (such as relieving asthma, stopping vomiting, stopping bleeding and relieving pain)