Hangjinqi's National Characteristic Culture

Hangjinqi, as the only area in Erdos where "ancient songs" still exist, has more than 100 tracks. In order to excavate and protect this precious national cultural heritage, Hangjinqi was listed in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list after it was actively declared in 2008.

"Gulu" means "country" or "state affairs" in Mongolian. This kind of songs originated from the court, and the music belongs to the long-tune genre, which shows the characteristics of Mongolian court etiquette music and religious etiquette music since the Yuan Dynasty, and is a fine work in Mongolian classical music. After the decline of Mongolian kingship, it spread among the people and became an ancient folk music genre, which was widely spread in Erdos City and Halka area of Mongolia. According to experts, the Mongolian "Gu Ru Ge" has been basically lost, but in the early 1980s, people found that there were still some "Gu Ru Ge" and their inheritors in the north of Hangjinqi, Ordos City. Ordos "Gu Ru Ge" is a living fossil of Mongolian classical music and a living specimen of Mongolian ancient civilization. This ancient song, which lost its original living space such as palaces and monasteries, has actually flowed into the people to gain new life and survived with its tenacious vitality. Its basic feature is that it can't be sung at will, and the singing rules are generally sung in a grand ceremony, with three songs as a group, called "three songs" or "three orthodox songs", with serious theme, orthodox content and mainly preaching. Its style is noble and elegant, broad and solemn, the melody is slow but not dragging, slow but not overlapping, the rhythm is looming, the spinning method jumps and ups and downs. Long-tune folk songs are a unique singing form with distinctive nomadic culture and regional cultural characteristics. One of its most remarkable features is "talking less and talking longer", with long tunes, lyrical euphemism, wide range and rich varieties.

According to China's historical records, long tune or its predecessor was popular in the northern grassland as early as the Huns period more than two thousand years ago. The long tune is mainly about the love of shepherds, horses and grasslands. In festivals, wedding banquets, gatherings of relatives and friends, "Nadam" and other activities, long tune is an essential program. Long tunes can be divided into pastoral songs, homesick songs, hymns, wedding songs and banquet songs (wine songs) according to their contents, functions and singing occasions.

On June 25, 2005, the Mongolian long-tune folk song 165438+ jointly declared by the Chinese and Mongolian governments was listed in the List of Representatives of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. During the Qingming and Ming Dynasties in China, Mongolians in Hangjinqi were monogamous, and some rich people married concubines. Marriage depends on the words of matchmakers and the lives of parents. There are also nobles and officials who designate their subjects to marry. Like it or not, regardless of the age difference, designated people are not allowed to marry men at 16 years old and 17 years old, while women marry at odd ages such as 15 years old, 17 years old and 19 years old. The same surname does not get married. The nobility married the poor. Because of the prevalence of Lamaism, lamas are not allowed to get married, so the sex ratio is out of balance (except lamas, there are more women than men). There are still customs of "naming marriage" and "referring to things". There are two kinds of "named marriages" (1). The parents-in-law asked the eldest son-in-law to be the honorary husband of the younger daughter. (2) Be an honorary wife for Lama and let others be honorary husbands. Children born to the woman must take the surname of the honorary husband and be the children of the honorary husband. "referring to things as marriage" means that the honorary husband does not attend the wedding and replaces people with things attached to the honorary husband. If you can't find an honorary husband, you can also call Ma Zhuang and Menkan "husbands". The woman is a legal daughter-in-law and can have children. Families with women and no men call for husbands. Most of the people who are called are families with more brothers and less property. The bride price is "nine", such as nine sheep, nine horses, nine humped camels, or nine satin, bracelets, rings and earrings worn by the bride. Ordinary people stop on September 19th and 29th, and there are many well-off people and dignitaries, but they do not exceed the number of September 9th. The woman also comes with a certain amount of dowry.

After the founding of New China, the marriage named after things was eliminated, and free love and marriage became fashionable, with occasional adoption. Mongolian means entertainment and recreation. Nadam convention is an annual traditional festival in grassland, which is mostly held in July and August.

Mongolia is a martial nation. Genghis Khan attached great importance to cultivating people's courage, wit and tenacity, so he called riding, archery and wrestling "three arts for men" as the content of quality training for soldiers and people. At the Nadam Convention, "Men's Three Arts" became the highlight of the competition.

Nadam convention is very grand. At that time, herdsmen in Fiona Fang, tens or even hundreds of kilometers away, will put on festive costumes, help the old and bring the young, bring yurts and daily necessities, and ride horses to attend the meeting. Businessmen from far and near also open stores, sell daily necessities and buy livestock products. As a result, the silent grassland became a sea of joy. On the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, there are also a few herdsmen offering sacrifices. In the early morning of this day, everything in the house was moved out, cleaned and washed. Make a fire on the fire stand, add a sheep sternum potato, and match it with cheese, red dates, brown sugar, etc. , stew, and then fish out the meat. White paper or red paper "the urn rolls the sheep" (the "holy sheep" left in the herd) wool is wrapped around the sheep's sternum, put on a plate and presented to the kitchen. The host led the whole family to knock on Vulcan nine times and put the sternum and other sacrifices into the kitchen. Everyone held up the plate containing the rice offering by fire with both hands and handed it to Qi Mei, shouting "Hurley!" Accompanied by the melody of "offering sacrifices to the stove" "Call the column!" Call for happiness. Then, use fire sacrifice rice or fire support to spread and eat rice cooked with glutinous rice, sugar dates and cheese.

Zizazak sacrificed fire with the sternum of cattle or sheep, and the number was more than 27. Civilians generally use nine sheep sternums, and the poor have three keys. When the owner or elder dies, the family will put down the wind horse flag or wrap it in black cloth and stop entertainment within 49 days. No one will greet them, say auspicious words or cut their hair. Women should put down their sleeves and wrap them in black cloth. After Zizazak's death, he raised the flag and sent out mourning, and did not raise music or get married for a hundred days. At the same time, he was buried three days after his death. Don't go out from the house and the courtyard door, but go out from the window and the courtyard wall. If you die in a yurt, you must open a Hana and bury it from there. The family sobbed to avoid crying. After the funeral, a funeral banquet was held to entertain the neighbors and relatives who attended the funeral. Before the founding of New China, lamas were asked to chant Buddhist scriptures and turn over ghosts. There are three ways of burial:

Wild burial: Bury the dead in white cloth bags and place them on sunny slopes with lush vegetation, wide vision and plenty of sunshine. Let the corpse lie on its side facing the rising direction of the sun, with one hand on its head and the other between its knees, just like lying looking down at the sun.

Bury: put the deceased in a wooden coffin, box or pit and cover it with sand poles and branches.

Cremation: infant death or maternal dystocia death, incineration, monks and nobles death, also incineration.