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2005 CCTV China City Competitiveness Ranking

1. Shanghai

2. Beijing

3. Shenzhen

4. Guangzhou

5. Tianjin

6. Hangzhou

7. Nanjing

8. Wuhan

9. Chengdu

10. Shenyang

11. Dalian

12. Changsha

13. Jinan

14. Qingdao

15. Suzhou

16. Fuzhou

17. Wuxi

18. Harbin

19, Ningbo

20, Chongqing

21, Daqing

22, Xiamen

23, Xi'an

24, Changchun

25, Zhuhai

26, Zhengzhou

27, Haikou

28, Kunming

29, Taiyuan

30, Shijiazhuang

31, Wenzhou

32, Hefei

33, Urumqi

34, Nanning

35, Nantong

36, Hefei

37, Lanzhou

38, Hohhot

39, Guiyang

40, Yantai

41, Qinhuangdao

42, Baotou

43, Tangshan

44, Yinchuan

45, Shantou

46, Lianyungang

47, Weihai

48, ??Xining

49, Zhanjiang

50, Beihai

At the same time, the comprehensive strength ranking was also released. The top 15 are:

Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing, Chengdu, Shenyang, Chongqing, Dalian, Changsha, Jinan, Qingdao

The latest ranking of Chinese cities

The 2004 "China City Competitiveness Report" shows that, In the comprehensive competitiveness ranking of Chinese cities, if calculated based on the comparative data of 200 cities, the top 10 are Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Tianjin, Ningbo, Nanjing, and Wenzhou, and the last 10 are They are Jincheng, Suzhou, Tieling, Chaohu, Xuancheng, Hanzhong, Baoshan, Bozhou, Yan'an and Chizhou. There is no doubt that many of China's most competitive cities

are located in the three major metropolitan areas. A group of prefecture-level cities in certain provinces along the eastern coast are highly competitive and improving rapidly.

In this study, the comprehensive competitiveness index is composed of four major categories of indicators: talent ontology competitiveness, enterprise ontology competitiveness, living environment competitiveness, and business environment competitiveness. It is compared based on 50 cities Data calculation, ranking status of each sub-indicator is as follows.

Talent ontology competitiveness

In the talent ontology competitiveness ranking, the top 10 are Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Suzhou, Xiamen, Wenzhou, Zhenjiang, and Changzhou , Foshan, and the last 10 are Wuhu, Zhengzhou, Hohhot, Weihai, Nanchang, Tianjin, Fuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, and Xuzhou. Generally speaking, megacities and large cities have better talent competitiveness, while small cities are relatively weak. At the same time, some small and medium-sized cities such as Wenzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Foshan, etc. have ranked among the top 10 in talent competitiveness in the country, which shows that As the level of urban economic development improves, the establishment of a talent system has been stepped up, providing conditions for the sustainable development of the city.

The talent ontology competitiveness index is composed of eight indicators: health level index, knowledge level index, technology level index, ability level index, value orientation index, entrepreneurship index, innovation awareness index, and communication ethics index. .

The basic rankings of these eight categories of indicators are as follows:

①Health level index ranking. The health level index consists of three indicators: average life expectancy of the population, infant mortality rate, and the proportion of employees in the total population. The top 10 are Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Beijing, Harbin, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Weihai, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Shanghai-Nanning (tied), and the bottom 10 are: Wuhu, Wenzhou, Urumqi, Changsha, Hefei, Nanchang, Chengdu, Quanzhou, Chongqing, Taizhou.

②Knowledge level index ranking. The knowledge level index consists of three items: the adult literacy rate, the proportion of the population with college or above in the total employed population, and the comprehensive index of knowledge level. The top 10 are Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Xiamen, Nantong, Harbin-Xi'an, Wuxi-Hefei, and the last 10 are: Wenzhou-Taizhou, Zhongshan, Nanning, Tianjin, Hohhot, Xuzhou, Chongqing, Huizhou, Quanzhou, Dongguan.

③Technical level index ranking. The technical level index consists of three indexes: professional and technical personnel index, entrepreneurial entrepreneurial personnel index, and technical level comprehensive index. The top 10 are Beijing, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Shenyang, Wuxi, and Shanghai, and the bottom 10 are Hohhot, Chongqing, Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Nanning, Tianjin, Wuhan, Qinhuangdao, and Xuzhou .

④Ability level index ranking. The ability level index consists of three items: learning and innovation ability index, organizational and communication ability index, and development and adaptability index. The top 10 are: Shenzhen, Beijing, Guangzhou, Wenzhou, Changzhou, Shanghai, Suzhou, Xiamen, Taizhou, Huizhou, Foshan, and the bottom 10 are Yantai, Dalian, Weihai, Jinan, Nanchang, Tianjin, Xuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Fuzhou, Qinhuangdao.

⑤ Value orientation index ranking. The value orientation index is composed of business awareness, desire to make money, and consumption tendency. The top 10 are: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, Xiamen, Wenzhou, Zhenjiang, Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo, and Dongguan, and the bottom 10 are: Dalian - Weihai, Tianjin, Wuhu, Xuzhou, Shenyang, Fuzhou, Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou.

⑥Entrepreneurship Index Ranking. The entrepreneurship index consists of three items: hard work spirit, entrepreneurial spirit, and competitive psychology. The top 10 are: Wenzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, Quanzhou, Chongqing, Taizhou, Zhenjiang, Zhongshan, Huizhou, Foshan-Harbin, and the bottom 10 are respectively They are: Xiamen-Changchun, Tianjin, Fuzhou, Qinhuangdao, Chengdu, Dalian, Shenyang, Nanjing, Shijiazhuang.

⑦ Innovation consciousness index ranking. The innovation consciousness index is expressed by three aspects: novelty consciousness, equality concept, and compatibility psychology. The top 10 are: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Chongqing, Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Xi'an, Huizhou, Jinhua-Xiamen, The bottom 10 are: Hefei-Nanning, Urumqi, Zhenjiang, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Jinan, Fuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Shaoxing, and Shenyang.

⑧Trading Conduct Index Ranking. The communication ethics index consists of three items: integrity awareness, legal concept, and collaboration spirit. The top 10 are: Beijing, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Harbin, Xiamen-Nanchang, Foshan, Suzhou, and Zhenjiang, and the bottom 10 are: : Wuhu, Urumqi, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Xuzhou, Hefei, Quanzhou, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang.

Enterprise ontology competitiveness

In the enterprise ontology competitiveness, the top 10 are: Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Tianjin, Dongguan, Zhongshan , Huizhou, the bottom 10 are: Urumqi, Jiaxing, Jinhua, Quanzhou, Taizhou, Hohhot, Qinhuangdao, Wuhu, Xuzhou, Zhenjiang.

The corporate competitiveness index consists of 8 items: corporate culture, governance structure, organizational management, strategic control, R&D and design, production process, marketing services, and competitive advantages. The rankings of these eight indicators are basically as follows:

①Corporate culture index ranking.

The corporate culture index consists of three indicators: entrepreneurial desire, employer's style, and employee spirit. Among them, the top 10 cities with strong corporate culture spirit are: Yantai, Shijiazhuang, Shaoxing-Wenzhou, Shenzhen-Guangzhou-Zhongshan-Huizhou-Hangzhou - Zibo, the bottom 10 cities are Jiaxing, Dalian-Chengdu-Jinan-Quanzhou-Zhenjiang, Changchun, Wuhan, Xuzhou, and Beijing.

② Governance structure index ranking. The governance structure index consists of three indicators: the effectiveness of the company's board of directors, the effectiveness of principals and agents, and economic interest incentives. The top 10 cities are: Shijiazhuang, Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Weihai, Yantai-Shaoxing-Jinhua, Tianjin, Harbin- Nantong-Xi'an, the bottom 10 cities are: Nanning-Foshan-Beijing, Wuxi, Hohhot, Shenyang, Shanghai, Xuzhou, Changchun, and Zhenjiang.

③Organizational management index ranking. The organizational management index consists of three items: enterprise management universality, enterprise management standardization, and management experience. The top 10 are: Wenzhou-Guangzhou, Shaoxing, Nantong-Nanjing-Shanghai, Weihai-Nanchang, Xi'an-Zhongshan, and the bottom 10 They are: Wuxi-Shenyang-Changchun, Chengdu-Urumqi, Xuzhou, Changzhou-Qinhuangdao, Zhenjiang, Wuhan, Zhengzhou-Jinan.

④Strategic control index ranking. Strategic control consists of three aspects: the standardization of corporate decision-making, the rigor of corporate planning, and the accuracy of corporate positioning. The top 10 are: Guangzhou, Wenzhou-Nantong-Jinhua-Tianjin, Nanjing-Shanghai-Weihai-Nanchang-Foshan - Shenzhen - Nanning, the bottom 10 are: Xiamen - Wuxi - Xuzhou - Changzhou - Qinhuangdao - Zhengzhou - Jinan, Chongqing - Changchun - Urumqi, Shenyang - Wuhan, Zhenjiang, Chengdu.

⑤R&D design index ranking. R&D design is composed of three indicators: the company's independent innovation and design capabilities, the company's imitation and innovation design capabilities, and the company's comprehensive R&D status. The top 10 are: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Changchun, the bottom 10 are: Foshan, Jiaxing, Jinhua-Quanzhou-Qinhuangdao, Wuhu-Huizhou-Zhenjiang, Dongguan and Weihai.

⑥Production process index ranking. The production process consists of three indicators: high-tech product production, production method complexity, and product production quality. The top 10 are: Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Tianjin, Wuhan, Shenyang, Harbin, and Nanjing, and the bottom 10 The famous cities are: Hohhot-Dongguan, Yantai-Jiaxing-Qinhuangdao, Zhongshan-Wuhu, Xuzhou, Taizhou and Zhenjiang.

⑦ Marketing service index ranking. Marketing services are composed of three indicators: product brand status, product marketing depth, and customer satisfaction. The top 10 are: Guangzhou, Wenzhou, Tianjin, Hangzhou-Qingdao, Fuzhou, Shaoxing-Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiaxing-Taizhou-Xi'an- Zhuhai, the bottom 10 are: Jinan, Changsha, Dongguan-Hohhot, Wuhan, Shenyang-Xuzhou, Zhenjiang, Beijing, Chengdu.

⑧Competitive advantage index ranking. Competitive advantage consists of three indicators: product international competitiveness, the essence of competitive advantage, and high-tech product exports. The top 10 are: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Beijing, Dongguan, Tianjin, Zhongshan, Huizhou, followed by The 10th place is: Nanchang-Quanzhou, Jinhua-Wuhan, Zhenjiang, Qinhuangdao, Nanning, Urumqi, Xuzhou, Wuhu, and Hohhot.

Living environment competitiveness

Living environment competitiveness is mainly reflected by economic attractiveness and social cohesion, which are respectively composed of private consumption and services, infrastructure quality, health and education infrastructure quality, It consists of nine indicators: urban natural environment, employment opportunities, judicial environment, institutional environment, cultural atmosphere, and government services. The 10 cities with the most competitive living environment are: Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Nanjing, Foshan, Tianjin, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and the bottom 10 cities are: Zhenjiang, Weihai, Yantai-Hohhot, Xuzhou, Jinhua, Changchun, Zibo, Jiaxing, and Wuhu. Generally speaking, the living environment of mega-large cities and cities with pleasant scenery is more competitive. The specific rankings of the sub-indicators are as follows:

①Private consumption and service index rankings.

Private consumption and services are composed of three indicators: housing and price, community service quality, and private consumption quality. The top 10 cities are: Shenzhen, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Beijing, Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Dalian, Zhuhai, and Wenzhou, and the bottom 10 The names are: Wuhu-Quanzhou, Zibo, Jinhua, Yantai-Zhenjiang, Xi'an, Changchun-Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang.

②Infrastructure quality index ranking. Infrastructure quality consists of three indicators: water, electricity and gas facilities index, communication facilities index, and transportation facilities index. The top 10 are: Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhuhai, Huizhou, Beijing, Nanchang, Wuxi, Shijiazhuang, and Suzhou, and the bottom 10 They are: Wuhan-Hohhot-Jiaxing, Quanzhou, Nantong, Xuzhou, Jinhua, Xi'an, Wenzhou, and Chongqing.

③ Health education infrastructure quality index ranking. The quality of health education infrastructure consists of three indicators: health care quality, public education quality and culture, and culture and entertainment quality. The top 10 are Shanghai and Beijing. , Nanjing, Foshan, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Urumqi, Jinan, Dongguan, Wuhan, the last 10 are: Zhenjiang, Hohhot, Zhuhai, Zibo, Changchun, Ningbo, Weihai, Yantai, Jiaxing, Wuhu.

④ Ranking of urban natural environment index. The urban natural environment consists of four indicators: urban environment quality index, urban environment comfort index, urban environment beauty index, and urban scenery beauty index. The top 10 cities are: Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Dalian , Hangzhou, Qingdao, Zhuhai, Tianjin, and the last 10 are: Wuhu, Wenzhou, Nanchang, Huizhou, Zhongshan, Shijiazhuang, Changzhou, Jinhua, Taizhou, and Nantong.

⑤Employment opportunity index ranking. Employment opportunities are composed of three indicators: income level and growth expectations, personal development opportunities and expectations, and urban development and growth expectations. The top 10 cities with the greatest opportunities are: Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Tianjin, Suzhou, Xiamen, and Foshan. , Huizhou, Nantong, the weaker bottom 10 cities: Wuhan-Hefei, Chengdu, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Changchun, Zibo, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Fuzhou, Hohhot.

⑥Judicial environment index ranking. The judicial environment consists of three indicators: judicial system guarantee performance, social stability and expectations, and social security conditions. Beijing, Nanjing, Xiamen, Zhenjiang, Foshan, Nantong, Yantai, Guangzhou, Suzhou, and Shanghai are the top 10 with the best judicial environment. cities, the bottom 10 are: Wenzhou, Xuzhou, Hohhot, Quanzhou, Shenyang, Dongguan, Shijiazhuang, Fuzhou, Zibo and Changchun.

⑦ Institutional environment index ranking. The institutional environment consists of three indicators: equality and opportunities for outsiders, equality and opportunities for women, employment of citizens, and freedom of migration. The top 10 with better institutional environment construction The cities are: Beijing, Zhenjiang-Dongguan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, Nanjing-Xiamen, Huizhou, Zhuhai, and the next 10 cities are: Hefei-Chongqing, Dalian-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang, Nanchang-Fuzhou, Hohhot, Xuzhou, Changchun, Shenyang .

⑧Cultural atmosphere index ranking. The cultural atmosphere is composed of three indicators: cultural locality, cultural internationality, and cultural diversity. Among them, the top 10 cities with the strongest atmosphere are: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Dongguan, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Suzhou, Zhongshan-Hangzhou, The bottom 10 are: Qinhuangdao, Hefei, Zibo, Nanchang, Zhenjiang, Wuhu-Changsha, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou and Xuzhou.

⑨Government service index ranking. Government services are mainly examined from three aspects: the level of bureaucracy, the incidence of various infringements, and citizens’ satisfaction with the government. The top 10 cities with the highest index are: Xiamen-Suzhou, Guangzhou, Nantong, Beijing, Qingdao, Foshan- Jinhua, Ningbo, Xi'an, the bottom 10 are: Zhengzhou, Shenzhen, Taizhou, Shenyang-Urumqi, Quanzhou, Changchun, Xuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Fuzhou.

Business environment competitiveness

Business environment competitiveness is divided into two aspects: hard environment competitiveness and soft environment competitiveness. In hard environment competitiveness, it is mainly through factors, resources, environment, and industrial correlation. It is reflected by four major factors: location and local demand, and infrastructure. The legal and cultural environment, market competition and open environment, government management services, and government marketing strategy are the core factors of the competitiveness of the business soft environment.

In terms of business environment competitiveness, the top 10 cities are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chongqing, and Shenyang, and the bottom 10 cities are: Weihai, Xuzhou, Hohhot, Taizhou, and Shaoxing , Wuhu, Jiaxing, Zhenjiang, Zibo, Jinhua. The business environment competitiveness of big cities is generally stronger than that of small and medium-sized cities.

⒈Factors, resources and environment competitiveness

In the hard business environment, factors, resources and environment are the basis for improving urban competitiveness. They are mainly composed of talent factors, capital factors, science and technology, and natural resources. Factors and production factor costs are constructed. The top 10 cities with strong resource and environmental competitiveness that support the business environment are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Chongqing. Among these 50 cities, the bottom 10 are: Xuzhou-Changzhou, Taizhou, Wuhu, Shaoxing, Xiamen, Huizhou, Quanzhou, Jinhua, and Zhenjiang. Although some small and medium-sized cities with low economic development have more "innate" advantages such as natural resources. Strong, but due to the insufficient development of other factors, it constitutes a "bottleneck" in the competitiveness of factor resources and the environment. The ranking of its basic elements is as follows:

①Talent factor index ranking. Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin, Xi'an, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Jinan-Dalian are ranked in the top 10. They have strong advantages such as convenience in talent acquisition, professional and technical personnel, and talent training and introduction, ranking in the bottom 10. The cities with the highest position are: Taizhou, Wenzhou, Shenzhen, Quanzhou, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Xiamen. Although some small and medium-sized cities have developed rapidly in recent years and have improved their economic status, the talent reserve and talent system have not been established. It is far from keeping up with the speed of economic development. In the long run, it is one of the biggest obstacles to improving urban competitiveness.

②Capital factor index ranking. The capital factor is mainly composed of three indicators: the number of deposits in financial institutions, the convenience of obtaining funds, and the soundness of the financing system. The top 10 are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Tianjin, Wuhan, Shenyang, Hangzhou, Dongguan, the bottom 10 are: Hohhot, Shaoxing-Qinhuangdao, Quanzhou, Huizhou, Weihai, Jiaxing, Jinhua-Wuhu, Zhenjiang. Obviously, some eastern coastal cities have a higher degree of market development due to their earlier reform and opening up process, and their capital Factor competitiveness is far stronger than that of small and medium-sized inland cities.

③Science and technology environment index ranking. The top 10 cities with strong scientific and technological competitiveness are: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinan, Xi'an, and Chongqing. The bottom 10 are: Dongguan-Wuxi, Zibo, Jinhua, Xuzhou, Quanzhou, Foshan - Zhongshan, Huizhou, Zhenjiang.

④Ranking of natural resource factor index. The natural resource factors are composed of three indicators: land scarcity, difficulty in obtaining land, and water supply abundance. The 10 cities with the best conditions are: Taizhou, Ningbo, Nanning, Nantong, Wuhu, Foshan, Nanchang, Shaoxing, Changzhou, Hangzhou, and Wenzhou, and the bottom 10 with the worst rankings are: Beijing, Shenyang, Chengdu, Nanjing, Shanghai, Zhenjiang, Fuzhou, Harbin, Qingdao, and Xuzhou. With the improvement of the level of economic development and the continuous increase of industrial agglomeration, the pressure on natural resource elements in some economically developed coastal areas, such as the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quan areas in southern Fujian, has gradually increased, while some small and medium-sized cities have their own advantages. is increasingly prominent, objectively providing opportunities and conditions for accelerating urban development.

⑤Ranking of production factor cost index. The cost of production factors consists of labor cost, land cost, and capital actual interest rate. The top 10 cities with the best costs are: Huizhou, Wuhu, Chongqing, Zibo, Weihai, Harbin, Nantong, Shenyang, Nanchang, and Urumqi. The top 10 cities are: Suzhou, Hangzhou, Jiaxing-Zhuhai, Jinhua, Zhongshan, Ningbo, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen.

⒉Industry-related competitiveness

Urban industry development determines the city's competitiveness and development direction, and is the main part of the city's economic benefits.

The industrial development environment of a city is measured by the level of the industrial correlation index, which specifically includes the industrial cluster environment and industrial service environment. The cities with the highest index are Guangzhou, Chongqing, Nanchang, Xi'an, Changsha, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Shaoxing, Hangzhou, and Zhuhai. , Zhongshan, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, mostly distributed in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang belts, are the most typical areas with the most industrial correlation in my country, and are also the areas with the most active development of market economy and private enterprises. The specific indicator rankings are as follows:

①Industrial cluster environmental index ranking. The industrial cluster environment consists of the development status of industrial clusters, industrial specialization agglomeration, and the degree of cooperation in the clusters. The top 10 cities with good development status are: Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shaoxing-Hangzhou, Wenzhou-Foshan-Taizhou, Jiaxing, Shenzhen and Weihai, the last 10 are: Shenyang, Harbin, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Xiamen, Changchun, Hohhot, Beijing, Xuzhou, Zhenjiang. It can be clearly seen that the urban industrial clusters with a higher proportion of state-owned economy have poor development environment. In addition, some Cities with old industrial bases have a heavy burden in cultivating an industrial cluster environment.

②Industrial service environment index ranking. The top 10 with the highest industrial service environment index are: Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xi'an, Zhuhai, Chongqing, Shanghai-Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Hangzhou, and the bottom 10 are: Changzhou-Hohhot, Foshan, Huizhou, Ningbo-Urumqi-Beijing- In comparison, in Xuzhou, Chengdu-Zhenjiang, and Zibo, the service organizations, entrepreneurial services, and intermediary services in the southeastern coastal cities have developed better and the systems are relatively sound.

⒊Location and local demand

The scale and quality of local demand as well as location conditions constitute the city’s location competitiveness and demand competitiveness. The top 10 cities in the country have the strongest location and demand competitiveness. They are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu, and Nanjing. The last 10 are: Shaoxing-Jiaxing, Quanzhou-Hohhot, Wuhu, Huizhou, Taizhou, Jinhua, Zhenjiang, and Zibo. Obviously, It can be verified that cities where foreign direct investment is concentrated have higher location and local demand index, while cities where foreign investment enters later and is smaller in scale have lower indexes. The ranking status of its sub-indicators is as follows:

Local demand scale index ranking. The scale of local demand is composed of three indicators: macroeconomic expectations, urban prospect expectations, and local domestic demand scale. The top 10 largest cities are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shenyang, Chengdu, and Hangzhou. The bottom 10 are: Changchun, Weihai, Taizhou, Quanzhou-Wuhu-Huizhou, Shaoxing, Qinhuangdao, Jinhua, and Hohhot. The demand scale of large and medium-sized cities with higher population density is significantly higher than that of small cities.

①Local demand quality index ranking. The top 10 with the highest index are: Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Beijing, Qingdao, Harbin, Foshan, Dongguan, and the bottom 10 are: Yantai, Tianjin-Zhengzhou, Jinan-Jinhua, Zibo, Hohhot, Shenyang, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, a large and medium-sized city with a long history and a strong industrial foundation, is naturally more picky among consumers, has a preference for high-tech consumer goods, and has stricter local environmental protection and quality regulations than some newly developed prefecture-level cities. However, some small and medium-sized cities have experienced Extensive development, quality improvement is now faster, and development methods are more intensive, such as Foshan, Dongguan, etc.

②Location condition index ranking. Location conditions are mainly examined from three aspects: nature, economy, politics and science and technology. The top 10 cities with obvious advantages are: Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Chongqing, and Shenyang. The bottom 10 are: Weihai - Qinhuangdao - Huizhou - Yantai - Jinhua - Zhenjiang, Zhongshan - Foshan, Nantong, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Taizhou, Zibo.

⒋Infrastructure

In the infrastructure index ranking, the top 10 are: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Xiamen, Wuhan, Dalian, Chongqing, Qingdao, followed by The 10 names are: Changchun, Wuhu, Xuzhou, Weihai, Taizhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zibo, Zhenjiang and Jiaxing.

The infrastructure index consists of the city’s business facilities quality index, external basic infrastructure quality index, information technology infrastructure index, and infrastructure cost index. The rankings of these four indicators are as follows:

①Ranking of quality index of business facilities in the city. The city's business facilities quality index is composed of three indicators: the status of tourism exhibition facilities, power supply abundance, and traffic congestion. The top 10 cities are: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Dongguan, Chongqing, Wuhan, Qingdao, and Dalian , the last 10 are: Taizhou, Weihai, Changchun, Xuzhou, Hohhot, Jinhua, Zibo, Shaoxing, Zhenjiang, and Jiaxing.

②External basic infrastructure quality index ranking. This method of improving urban competitiveness through large-scale external facilities can be clearly seen in the ranking of cities: the top 10 are: Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen, Beijing, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Dalian, Chongqing, and Nanjing, and the bottom 10 are: The names are: Xuzhou, Suzhou, Shijiazhuang, Changzhou, Shaoxing-Zhenjiang, Taizhou, Zibo, Jiaxing, and Jinhua. The eastern coastal cities, provincial capitals, and municipalities have strong construction of road network facilities, port facilities, and aviation facilities.

③ Information technology infrastructure index ranking. Information technology infrastructure consists of three indicators: communication facilities, network facilities, and computer facilities. The top 10 cities with good informatization construction are: Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Shanghai, Dongguan, Beijing, Foshan, Zhongshan, and Fuzhou. The bottom 10 cities with poor technical infrastructure construction are: Nanjing-Changzhou-Jiaxing, Wuhan, Xi'an, Xuzhou-Zhenjiang, Taizhou, Zibo, Chongqing, and Hohhot.

④Infrastructure cost index ranking. Infrastructure costs mainly consist of urban facility costs, external transportation costs, and communication information costs. The top 10 cities are: Quanzhou, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang, Fuzhou, Urumqi, Hohhot, Huizhou, Hangzhou-Changzhou, and the bottom 10 cities are: Nanchang, Dalian - Nanning, Tianjin, Wuhu, Chengdu, Yantai, Xi'an, Foshan, Shanghai.

⒌Legal and cultural environment

In terms of soft environment construction, the legal and cultural environment are the guarantee for the improvement of urban competitiveness and the conditions for ensuring the sustainability of urban competitiveness. They are mainly composed of It consists of four major elements: business system, business culture, order and security, and system cost. The top 10 best ones are picked by Xiamen-Guangzhou, Beijing, Suzhou-Zhenjiang, Nanjing-Shenzhen-Shanghai, Foshan, and Harbin, and the bottom 10 are respectively They are: Shenyang-Wuhu, Hohhot-Changchun-Weihai, Quanzhou-Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Fuzhou-Shijiazhuang. The ranking of its sub-indicators is as follows:

①Business system index ranking. The business system is mainly reflected by three indicators: the soundness of local regulations, continuity and transparency, the court system's guarantee of performance, and the status of pirated knowledge products. The top 10 cities are: Beijing, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Nanjing, Foshan, Shanghai, Nantong, and Jiaxing , Yantai, Shenzhen, and the last 10 are: Dongguan, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Zibo, Hohhot, Shijiazhuang, Xuzhou, Changchun, and Shenyang.

②Business culture index ranking. The top 10 cities are: Guangzhou, Xiamen, Beijing, Shenzhen, Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Shanghai, Harbin, Wenzhou and Nanjing. The last 10 are: Chengdu-Dalian-Qinhuangdao, Weihai, Wuhu-Quanzhou, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang-Xuzhou, and Fuzhou.

③ Order and safety index ranking. Order and security consists of two indicators: economic security status and social security status. The top 10 cities are: Zhenjiang, Nantong, Nanjing-Tianjin-Weihai, Jinan-Yantai-Changzhou, Xiamen-Suzhou-Dalian, and the bottom 10 cities are: They are: Zibo-Xuzhou, Changchun-Hohhot-Quanzhou, Hefei, Guangzhou-Urumqi, Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan.

④ Institutional cost index. Institutional cost consists of three indicators: non-standard charges to enterprises, infringement costs to enterprises, and litigation costs to enterprises. If the institutional environment for enterprise development is better, the costs will be lower and the competitiveness of enterprises will be stronger. Among the 200 cities, it ranks first The top 10 are: Xuzhou, Chongqing, Wenzhou, Zhenjiang, Urumqi, Hefei-Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Shijiazhuang. The bottom 10 are: Beijing-Foshan-Zhongshan, Weihai, Wuhan-Qingdao, Shanghai, Changsha, Nanning, Shenzhen, and Wuhu.

⒍Market Competition and Open Environment

The Market Competition and Open Environment Index consists of three indicators: competitive environment, open environment, and market internationalization. The top 10 cities with the highest index are: Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai-Huizhou, Xiamen-Guangzhou-Shanghai, Suzhou-Tianjin-Foshan, the last 10 are: Chongqing-Urumqi-Jinan-Qinhuangdao-Chengdu-Hohhot-Changsha-Wuhu, Zibo, Xuzhou. Generally speaking, the opening-up competitiveness of coastal areas is obviously better than that of inland cities. Not only because coastal cities opened earlier and to a higher degree, but also because of the convenience of location and frequent foreign exchanges in history, the overall economic development level of coastal areas is also relatively high. At the same time, the external economic and cultural exchanges of inland cities are also increasingly strengthened, and their openness and competitiveness are constantly improving. The rankings of its sub-indicators are as follows:

① Ranking of market competition environment index. The market competition environment mainly consists of three indicators: the degree of competition in the same industry, competition between enterprises and suppliers, and market development of production factors. The top 10 cities with strong competitive environments are: Shenzhen, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Shanghai, Changzhou, Foshan, Dongguan, Fuzhou-Hangzhou, the bottom 10 are: Ningbo, Huizhou-Nantong, Wuhu, Zhenjiang, Shenyang, Dalian, Zibo-Xuzhou, Qinhuangdao.

②Market open environment index ranking. The top 10 are: Shenyang, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Ningbo, Foshan-Nanjing, Shanghai-Shijiazhuang, and Beijing, and the bottom 10 are: Taizhou, Zibo, Xi'an, Nanchang, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Fuzhou-Hangzhou, Zhuhai, and Chongqing.

③Market internationalization index ranking. Market internationalization is mainly examined from three aspects: dependence on foreign trade, the proportion of foreign capital in total investment, and the degree of international exchanges of enterprises. Among them, the top 10 cities with the highest are: Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Suzhou-Xiamen, Tianjin, and Dalian , Shanghai-Qingdao, the bottom 10 are Changchun, Jinhua-Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Chengdu, Hohhot, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, and Urumqi. It is obvious that cities with enterprises as the carrier and the development of multinational companies as the main body have a higher degree of internationalization in their markets.

⒎Government management services

In government management services, the top 10 cities with higher indexes are: Wuxi-Zhenjiang-Wenzhou, Suzhou-Ningbo-Nantong-Shaoxing-Jiaxing - Chongqing - Jinhua, and the following cities are: Shenzhen, Nanning, Changsha.

The government management service indicator consists of three indicators: government supervision index, government service quality, and government management cost index. The ranking of the sub-indicators is as follows:

① Government supervision index ranking. The government supervision index consists of three aspects: complexity of approval and management procedures, appropriateness of government supervision, and effectiveness of government supervision. The top 10 are: Shenyang, Wuxi, Shanghai-Wuhu, Zhenjiang, Foshan, Shenzhen-Yantai, Nantong, and Nanjing, followed by The 10 places are: Suzhou-Chongqing-Hangzhou-Hefei-Zhongshan-Jinan, Fuzhou-Nanning, Tianjin, Dalian-Harbin, Dongguan-Qinhuangdao.

② Government service quality index ranking. The top 10 cities with better government service quality are: Nantong-Ningbo-Suzhou, Shanghai-Shaoxing, Beijing, Qingdao-Jiaxing-Guangzhou-Jinhua, and the bottom 10 are: Weihai-Changzhou-Nanchang-Hohhot-Jinan-Fuzhou, Shenyang , Urumqi-Xuzhou, Changchun.

③ Government management cost index ranking. The government management cost index consists of the total amount of various taxes and departmental non-standard charges. Among them, the top 10 cities with the lowest costs are: Xuzhou, Wenzhou, Zhenjiang-Chongqing, Hefei-Fuzhou, Hangzhou-Urumqi, Jiaxing-Wuxi, followed by The 10 cities are: Tianjin-Xi'an-Weihai, Foshan-Zhongshan-Wuhan, Qingdao, Shanghai, Changsha-Shenzhen, Nanning, and Wuhu.

⒏Government Marketing Strategy

Urban marketing is undoubtedly or will become a very important system, method and means to promote urban development and enhance competitiveness, and government marketing strategy directly determines The strength of urban competitiveness. In the government marketing strategy index, the top 10 cities are: Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Foshan, Nanjing, Changchun, Chongqing, and Suzhou, and the bottom 10 cities are: Nanchang, Shaoxing, Jinhua-Taizhou, Xuzhou, Nanning, Zibo, Wuhu, Urumqi, Hohhot.