20 Ancient Poems for Senior High School Entrance Examination and Appreciation Keywords-Baidu

1. Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of the work. Evaluate the ideological content of the work. Appreciating the image, language and expression skills of a work can be a comprehensive requirement in the proposition, a question can be raised on a certain aspect, and the ideological content of the work can be evaluated in combination. Therefore, we should improve our appreciation ability in an all-round way and not neglect it.

First, appreciate the image of poetry

Appreciating poetic imagery means understanding the author's thoughts and feelings and the social significance of poetry by analyzing the personality characteristics of poetic imagery.

A, pay attention to the color of the image (literal and implied). Color conveys the poet's different emotional experiences.

Warm colors-warm, lively, positive and high-spirited; Cool colors-apathy, depression, loneliness and desolation. For example, "Two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets soar into the sky" (Du Fu's quatrains), and the four distinct colors of "yellow, green, white and blue" in the poem are intertwined into a beautiful picture, conveying a very happy mood.

B, through the combination of dynamic and static, set off each other to open up a poetic realm and convey emotions. Such as: "people are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, it surprises the birds and sounds into the spring stream. " (Wang Wei's Bird Watching Creek) The dynamic scenery of "Flowers fall from the moon and birds sing" in the poem not only makes the poem look full of vitality, but also highlights the tranquility of "Spring Creek".

C, the image of poetry is sometimes associated with national history and culture, traditional customs, lifestyle, psychological characteristics, etc., and is endowed with special significance. When we appreciate them, we should give priority to these symbolic special images. Special image:

"Looking at the moon and thinking about a distance", "It hurts spring and mourns autumn", "Looking at the flowing water, I miss my life, and it drizzles on the phoenix tree, and I feel sad".

Hongyan-homesick, messenger;

Rhododendron-an unlucky beauty, a man who cares about the country and the people, laments and is sincere;

Partridges-homesickness and sadness; Dongli-the land of fine mountains and dust;

Chrysanthemum-high quality; Willow-reluctant to leave;

Three old and cold friends (pine, bamboo and plum)-pride

Peach blossom-beauty; Bird-freedom.

When analyzing poetic images, we should pay attention to scenery and emotion, things and emotion; The relationship between scenery and people, things and people.

A. Lyrics "Moonlight is in the pine forest, and crystal stone is in the stream." (Wang Wei's "Autumn in the Mountain")

B. Holding on to things and expressing ambition is "falling mud and grinding dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged." (Lu You "Bu Operator? Yongmei ")

"Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, but keep innocent in the world." (Yu Qian's Ode to a Lime)

C. Compassion for things "Who pities a shadow and loses a million clouds?" (Du Fu's Lonely Goose)

D. Scenery and scenery blend "Spring breeze is late, mountains and rivers are beautiful, flowers and plants are fragrant. Mud melts and swallows fly, sand warms and mandarin ducks sleep. " (Du Fu's quatrains)

Second, appreciate the language of poetry

1, memorize common terms, such as: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, meaningful, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, beautiful, implicit, simple, natural, unrestrained and so on.

2. Pay attention to "poetic eyes" ("refined words")

Such as: "the branches of red apricots are full of spring"; "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan"; "The steps are dyed red by the green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves."

"The shadows are shallow, and the dusk floats lightly." -Plum blossoms are thin, fragrant and vivid.

"Why do Qiangdi complain about willow trees? The spring breeze is just Yumen Pass. " -Obviously personification is used, which is not only the love in the song, but also the heart of the piper.

"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows."-Fresh words highlight the poet's inner pain.

3. Pay attention to "refining sentences"

Because of the limitation of the length and rhyme of poems or the need of rhetoric, poets often treat poems specially, so we must master some grammatical knowledge of ancient poems in order to understand and appreciate them.

First, the flexible use of parts of speech

For example, Li Shangyin's Untitled: "Seeing clouds change in the morning mirror, the evening song dares to ask about the cold moonlight."

Chang Jian's "Zen after the Broken Mountain Temple": "Birds are singing and mountains are shining here, and people's hearts are touching the pool level", which is refreshing ... cheerful; Empty, make ... empty

Intertextuality

Such as: Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai's "Smoke Cage Cold Water Moon Cage Sand"-Smoke Moon Covers Cold Water and Smoke Moon Covers Sand.

My road is full of petals-I swept it for others, and my thatched door has been closed-but now it's open for you. Du Fu's "Guests arrive"-my road is full of petals-I swept it for others, and now I am a monarch, and Pengmen is not opened by guests, but now I am a monarch.

C, flip chip

For example, in Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains, the bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves lie in front of the fishing boat-"the bamboo sounds, the girl returns, and the lotus flowers move under the fishing boat".

Du Fu's eight poems "Sweet rice pecks at parrot grains, Wu Bi perches on old phoenix branches"-"Parrots peck at fragrant rice grains, Wu Bi perches on old phoenix branches". Du Fu mainly wrote about the beauty of the capital Chang 'an, emphasizing the extraordinary rice and phoenix trees there.

D. ellipsis

"The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs."

"Maodian crows on the moon, Banqiao is frosty."

Third, appreciate the expressive skills of poetry.

1, expression:

Express your will by holding things, blending scenes, reasoning, associating, imagining, rendering, comparing, setting off, combining reality with reality, combining static and dynamic, combining before and after, expressing one's mind directly, expressing one's will through the ancient times, satirizing modern people, suppressing first and then promoting.

2. Rhetoric:

Metaphor, analogy, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, symbol, contrast, contrast, pun, rhetorical question, irony, synaesthesia, intertextuality, allusions, translation, overlapping, etc.

3. Forms of expression: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.

Meaningful:

Poetry can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry, and there is also a kind of mystery poetry, which is small in number but has great influence. These poems are all based on concrete things. In the works of several great poets, such as Du Fu, Lu You and Su Shi, we can often see sentences with far-reaching meaning.

"Think of the mountain side as a mountain peak, and the distance is different. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain. " (Su Shi, titled Xilinbi)-It shows that people trapped in it can't jump out, and they are often confused by various phenomena and can't see the truth of the incident clearly.

In Zhu's "Random Thoughts on Reading", "Open a square pond of half an acre, and the sky is high and the clouds are light. Ask where the canal is so clear because there is a source of living water. "

Lu You's "Traveling to Shanxi Village" "There is no doubt in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village in the dark."

Wang Zhihuan is in the Heron Villa, but you can broaden your view of 300 miles by going up a flight of stairs.

Rhetoric:

The application of rhetoric in poetry and prose has the same function as that in other styles. Look for rhetoric and explain the function directly.

Metaphor-more vivid (like the strong wind in spring, blowing at night, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. )

Personification-personification (birds love the old forest, pond fish miss the old source. )

Rhetorical question-emphasis (if two relationships are long, is it sooner or later? )

Exaggeration-emphasis and prominence (white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow like a long beard)

Duality-enhance the musical beauty of poetry, express conciseness and lyricism, and enhance the external formal beauty of poetry (leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river always roll forward)

Clever use of allusions, the use of previous poems-refined and implicit; Expand the content; Rich in literary talent.

(This aspect requires a high amount of extracurricular reading and historical knowledge, but sometimes it is very obvious. )

For example, Du Mu's poem in Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow;

Xin Qiji's Happy Forever? The story of Tuoba Tao in the nostalgia of Gubeiting in Jingkou;

In Wang Shifu's "Farewell to the Pavilion", "Crying red with tears is wetter than Sima Qing's shirt." It obviously used "but which of them cried the most?" ? , this Jiujiang officer. "My blue sleeves are wet" in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip.

One thing that deserves special attention in rhetoric is contrast. The technical terms are "moving with quietness" and "quietness with sound".

Such as: "Birds live in trees by the pool, and monks knock at the door."

The quieter the cicada forest, the quieter the sound palace mountain.

In contrast, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", "If she only smiles back, there will be a hundred charms cast, and the six palaces will be wiped out", which sets beauty against beauty. )

Comparison (the first three sentences and the last sentence of Li Bai's Yue revisiting the ancient times)

Synaesthesia, the communication of sensory organs. (Li Bai "There are thousands of snowflakes in Yaotai, and the spring breeze blows down one by one." At this time, the snowflake seems to be a pear blossom in full bloom in the spring breeze, and its fragrance floats in Wan Li. Vision and smell communicate, and the poet's affection is full of it. )

Other necessary knowledge and ability:

1, poetry genre-landscape poetry, pastoral poetry, frontier poetry, chanting poetry; The words are bold and graceful.

2. Personal style of poetry

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of realism and romanticism. In their own creative practice, each poet presents different characteristics and forms their own artistic style.

Tao Yuanming-simple and natural, Li Bai-bold and elegant, Du Fu-depressed and frustrated, Bai Juyi-easy to understand, Du Mu-handsome and handsome, Wang Wei-poetry and painting integrated, Wang Changling-ambitious and lofty, Li Shangyin-hazy and obscure, Su Shi-broad and bold, Liu Yong-gentle and graceful.

3. To appreciate poetry, you should know how to "know people and discuss the world".

"Knowing people and discussing the world" was first put forward by Mencius. He believes that to understand a work, we must understand the author and the era in which he lived.

4. Poetry appreciation should be good at association and imagination.

On the surface, the reader seems to follow the image of the poem and be in a passive position when reading. In fact, readers can enter the artistic conception of poetry through association and imagination according to their own experience accumulation, aesthetic habits and aesthetic ideals, thus supplementing and enriching the image of poetry and the artistic blank that the poet intentionally left unwritten.

For example, "Red Apricot Branches are Full of Spring"-readers can not only see the scene of apricot flowers in full bloom, but also imagine birds frolicking among the flowers, singing birds and fragrant flowers, vividly depicting the artistic conception of spring.

Fourth, evaluate the ideological content of the work.

Evaluation is the last step of appreciation: from "feeling" of poetry to rational generalization.

Evaluating the ideological content of a work is to analyze and evaluate the social significance of the theme of the work and the author's thoughts, feelings and attitudes. Analysis and evaluation should be practical and realistic, to the point, without belittling or exaggerating.

Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai: "The smoke cage is full of sand in the cold moon, and the night is near Qinhuai Restaurant. Strong women in business do not know how to hate the country, but also sing backyard flowers across the river. " Literally, this poem seems to accuse the restaurant singer of ignorance and carelessness. But the businesswoman sings what the listener can hear, which shows that this is just a musical pen. The real "I don't know the hatred of national subjugation" are the gentry, nobles and upper-level bureaucrats in the seats. They are the real targets of the author's attack. )