Adaptability analysis of several common corn silage harvesters. 0? three

Adaptability analysis of several common corn silage harvesters in academic exchanges Guo introduced the structural characteristics and adaptability of common corn silage harvesters at present, and pointed out several problems that users should pay attention to when selecting corn silage harvesters suitable for local use. Key words: structural characteristics and adaptive selection of corn silage harvester At present, various corn stalk silage harvesters at home and abroad have been put on the market one after another. Through the promotion of corn stalk silage harvesting machinery in recent years, it is found that the corn varieties planted in different regions of China and the harvesting seasons of silage are not the same, or even very different. Therefore, different regions have different requirements for the adaptability of corn stalk silage harvester. According to the local corn varieties and topography, it is very important to choose the right corn silage harvester correctly. 1. Structural characteristics and adaptability of corn silage harvesters commonly used at present (1) corn silage machinery for horizontal harvesting. E _ 28 1 self-propelled green forage harvester imported from Germany in 1980s, 4QB series silage harvester produced by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Group Company, etc. This machine is mainly composed of cutting table, feeding device, chopping and throwing seedling device, grass collecting box and hydraulic control system. When the machine moves forward, the paddles of the continuously rotating big paddle wheel tilt the upright corn stalks towards the machine. At the same time, the reciprocating cutter cuts the roots of corn stalks and lays the cut corn stalks flat on the rotating conveyor chain harrow. The conveying chain harrow feeds the straws into the feeding screw propeller which rotates reversely from left to right, and the screw propeller collects the glutinous rice straws in the middle of the cutting table and conveys them to the feeding device. After the straw is crushed by two sets of horizontal rollers of the feeding device, it directly enters the chopping device for chopping, and the chopped corn straw feed is thrown into the straw collection box or feed transport vehicle by throwing barrels. See figure 1 for the horizontal cutting and feeding device. When the machine works, the big reel moves the directional ring 1 from the straw conveying direction assembly, the horizontal cutting table cutting feeding device 1, the cutter 2, the chain rake 3, the big reel 4, and the upper end of the screw rod pushes the straw to the cutter, which plays a supporting role in cutting. Therefore, the setting of the reel's reel radius and height position plays a decisive role in the quality of its reel operation. In recent years, the growth height of most new silage corn varieties is 3.4 m. Due to the limitation of spatial structure, it is impossible to design a large drum with too large grain moving radius, and its grain moving height cannot be adjusted indefinitely at will, so this type of grain moving device has poor adaptability to silage operation. However, the advantage of this machine is that it does not need high uniformity of straw growth. This is because its cutting device is a reciprocating cutter, which combines chain harrow transportation with spiral propulsion, so that the straw is forced to be fed in a disorderly and tiled transportation state. The advantages of this horizontal header are obvious advantages in low straw operation, low requirement for straw integrity and low stubble cutting. In Huanghuai and North China, it is influenced by many factors, such as region, climate, corn varieties and so on. The corn stalks are messy, sometimes lodging seriously and the plants are low, so this machine is more suitable for silage. ② Vertical header corn silage machinery. In recent years, most foreign models have adopted this type of machine, such as Valleyer large-scale silage feeder produced in Belarus imported from China after 1990s, JAGUAR series self-propelled silage harvester in Crash, Germany, AMG300 silage harvester in Portugal, FR9000 series silage harvester in New Holland, which represents the international frontier, etc. Domestic silage harvesters such as 4QZ-2, 4QZ-30 and 4PP- 100 developed by Shijiazhuang Agricultural Mechanization Extension Station, and 2200, S 1800 and 900 silage harvesters developed by Luoyang Dongdi Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. Usually, this type of machine includes a grain feeder, a front header, a feeding device and a chopping and throwing device. Usually, the front cutting table consists of a disc cutter, protective blades evenly distributed on the disc and shifting teeth evenly distributed on the disc. The cutter, the guard blade and the shifting gear are sequentially installed on the same vertical shaft and move coaxially, wherein the cutter has a high rotating speed. When working, the vertical straw is cut off by the interaction between the cutter on the disc and the protective blade, and at the same time, the moving teeth clamp the root of the straw to make it rotate. The upright straws are sent to the feeding device in turn from the roots, and are crushed by the feeding device and then sent to the shredding device for shredding. Because this kind of feeding is to pull the root of straw into the feeding device in turn by pulling teeth, it is not limited by the height of harvested crop straw and is suitable for planting silage corn. However, due to the orderly feeding of straw roots, the academic exchange strategy of Wan Fang data was put forward. Chen expounded the quality status of agricultural machinery products in China, analyzed the main reasons for the poor quality of agricultural machinery products, and put forward the countermeasures to improve the quality of agricultural machinery products. With the development of society and the implementation of the national policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, more and more agricultural products have entered people's families. However, at present, the repeated prohibition of fake and shoddy agricultural products not only delays the farming season and hurts farmers, but also greatly affects the overall image and level of agricultural machinery market, restricts the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and seriously hinders the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. 1. The safety of agricultural machinery quality (1) is poor. Many producers of agricultural machinery products do not understand the knowledge of standards, quality, safety and technology, and their products are shoddy, and many products have no safety protection devices or safety protection devices are not standardized. For a long time, agricultural machinery enterprises have been indifferent to quality and safety awareness, and there are serious hidden dangers in product quality and safety. The market order of agricultural machinery products is chaotic, the quality of accessories is poor, the marketing outlets are chaotic, and the quality of operators is poor, which directly affects the market image and sales scale of agricultural machinery products. (2) The product has poor adaptability. China's agricultural machinery enterprises are scattered and repetitive, and the level of specialization and cooperation is low, which leads to weak innovation ability, few product varieties, poor performance and completeness, and can not meet the requirements of new agronomy; At the same time, there is a surplus and shortage of agricultural machinery products, such as more power machinery and less supporting machinery; There are many small machines and few big machines; There are many low-grade machines and few high-performance machines. (3) Fake spare parts affect the quality of the whole machine. The results of product quality supervision and spot checks carried out in various places show that the qualified rate of agricultural machinery spare parts in the production field has been between 60% and 70%, and the quality problems of agricultural machinery spare parts in the circulation field are more serious. There are nearly 1000 complaints about the quality of agricultural machinery products in China every year. The quality problems of agricultural machinery products are mostly caused by the quality problems of parts in materials, heat treatment and machining or the use of inferior parts. (4) The after-sales service is not perfect. According to the mechanical products of this industry, the adaptability of repairing, replacing and returning messy straws, especially lodging straws, is relatively poor. However, it has good effect and high efficiency on special silage corn varieties with neat tall stalks. This model is very popular in the world in recent years and has a good development prospect. However, there are still some problems in domestic models due to the limitation of supporting power and production quality, which need to be further improved. The cutting and feeding device of the vertical header is shown in Figure 2. Fig. 2 Cutting and feeding device of vertical header 1. Tooth extraction II. Auxiliary paper feed roller 3. Move cutter 4. Tooth protection II. Choosing the appropriate silage model (1) according to local silage conditions should be determined according to the nature of use and financial situation of the purchaser. It is necessary to harvest silage corn and green fodder at the best harvest time, and the investment benefit and return rate should also be considered. If the planting area of silage corn and green fodder exceeds 100 hm2, the self-propelled silage harvester should be the main model. If the planting area of silage corn and green fodder is relatively small, the hanging silage harvester should be selected. Because the investment of hanging silage harvester is about 1/2 of that of self-propelled silage harvester 75. What's more noteworthy is that when the silage harvesting operation is completed, the tractor can also carry out other operations, realizing multi-purpose of one machine, thus improving the economic benefits of the operators. (2) Adaptability of silage machines of different corn varieties should be considered. For example, for corn planting which is mainly used for ear harvesting and silage, horizontal feeding is mainly selected because of the short stalk and messy land conditions when harvesting in yellow storage; The tall stalk variety specially used for silage corn is more suitable for vertical feeding silage machine. (3) Consider choosing domestic or foreign models. This must first consider the size of financial capacity and return on investment; Secondly, the model with advanced technical performance, high manufacturing technology level, high productivity and strong working reliability is preferred. From what we have learned, there are many problems in domestic models (mainly poor adaptability and high machine failure rate). Sellers are eager to seize the market, and the booth is too big and the front line is too long to keep up with after-sales service. The main reason for the unsatisfactory efficiency of imported machines is improper production organization. The main reasons are: the planting area of farmers is small, the idle time of mechanical operation is longer than that of pure operation, the machine turns and runs empty, and the machine utilization rate is low; There is no necessary training for operators, which leads to operational errors and more human errors. (Author: Shijiazhuang Agricultural Mechanization Extension Station) Wan Fang Data