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Is there a kindergarten in the National Health Planning Commission now?

With the birth support policies issued by the central and local governments, how to meet the needs of children aged 0-3, especially 2-3, has attracted much attention.

A few days ago, Du, director of the Population Monitoring and Family Development Department of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said at the press conference of "Ten Years in China" held in Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China that at present, "inclusive nursery services have started well, and policies, regulations, standards and norms and service supply systems have basically taken shape. Supporting measures have been continuously improved to effectively reduce the burden of family childbirth and parenting. " He said that China will speed up the construction of birth support policy system and vigorously develop inclusive child care services.

In August this year, the National Health and Health Commission and other departments 17 issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Perfecting and Implementing Positive Fertility Support Measures (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions), which specifically mentioned the need to increase the supply of inclusive childcare services and encourage and support qualified kindergartens to recruit children aged 2-3.

Lv Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, said in an interview with China Business News: "Kindergartens need to give priority to meeting the needs of children aged 3-6, and on this basis, encourage and support kindergartens with spare capacity and conditions to recruit some children aged 2-3. This is also a national policy. "

However, because China's child care service industry is in its infancy, the gap between supply and demand is still large, and the current family may still be an important subject for the growth and care of infants aged 0-3.

Accelerate the construction of birth support policy system.

"Inclusive child care services started well, and policies, regulations, standards and norms and service supply systems were basically formed. Supporting measures have been continuously improved to effectively reduce the burden of family childbirth and parenting. " On September 7th, held in the propaganda department of the communist party of China "China this decade" press conference, du said:

Du said that since the adjustment of the birth policy, new achievements have been made in all work. The proportion of having two or more children has increased from about 35% before the policy adjustment to more than 55% in recent years. The sex ratio at birth gradually tends to normal level. The level of prenatal and postnatal care has been continuously improved, and the safety of mothers and babies has been effectively guaranteed.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, according to the changing population situation in China, the CPC Central Committee has made major decisions such as gradually adjusting the birth policy and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population, and successively implemented the two-child policy, the universal two-child policy and the three-child birth policy and supporting measures.

The need for care for infants aged 0-3 years has also become urgent. On July 20021,Director of the Population and Family Department of National Health Commission said that there are about 42 million infants aged 0-3 in China at present, among which 1/3 have a strong demand for child care services. However, the survey shows that the enrollment rate of infants under 3 years old in China is only about 5.5%, and the gap between supply and demand is still large.

Different from the previous two population policy adjustments, the implementation of the three-child policy puts more emphasis on the matching and connection between the birth policy and the economic and social policy. Therefore, after the implementation of the three-child policy, various central departments and localities have successively introduced a series of fertility support policies, including housing and tax support.

To achieve "a sense of security for the elderly", we must develop inclusive nursing services. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made a major deployment of "implementing the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population" and proposed to develop a universal child care service system. The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" outlines that "every thousand people have infants under 3 years old" as one of the main indicators of economic and social development, and clearly sets the goal of reaching 4.5 in 2025.

In August this year, National Health Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments 17 issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Perfecting and Implementing Positive Fertility Support Measures (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions), which specifically mentioned the need to increase the supply of inclusive nursery services and encourage and support qualified kindergartens to recruit children aged 2-3.

Regarding the enrollment of children under 3 years old in kindergartens, Lv Yugang said in an interview: "Kindergartens need to give priority to meeting the needs of children aged 3-6, and on this basis, encourage and support kindergartens with spare capacity and conditions to recruit some children aged 2-3. This is also a national policy. "

According to the reporter's understanding, since the continuous adjustment and improvement of the birth policy, National Health Commission, as the lead department, has established and improved a system of policies, regulations and standards, encouraged the standardized development of various forms of child care service institutions, and accelerated the construction of a training system for child care service professionals; With the cooperation of relevant departments, relevant policy documents supporting the development of nursery services have been formulated one after another.

20 19, in 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Care Services for Infants under 3 years old and the Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Care Services for the Elderly, which put forward the basic principles, development goals and specific measures of care services. The Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on Population and Family Planning and the Law on the Promotion of Family Education have all added provisions on child care services.

In addition, some localities have actively explored the implementation. According to the local economic and social development level and work basis, various localities have issued a series of support policies to further meet the needs of the people for old-age services.

The birth support policy, together with other policies, is regarded as a "chess game" and has been taken into consideration in the whole economic and social development of China.

The Guiding Opinions clarify the contents of improving the service level of prenatal and postnatal care, developing the universal care service system, improving the maternity leave and treatment guarantee mechanism, strengthening the support measures such as housing and taxation, strengthening the supply of quality education resources, and building a fertility-friendly employment environment.

In the new era, China's population development is still facing some profound changes: the growth rate of the total population has obviously slowed down, the fertility level has continued to decline, and the degree of aging has continued to deepen. On how to promote the long-term balanced development of the population in the future, Du said at the above-mentioned press conference: "We will conform to the expectations of the people, make overall consideration of marriage, childbirth, parenting and education, speed up the construction of a maternity support policy system, vigorously develop universal old-age care services, effectively solve the worries of the people, release the fertility potential, and ensure the smooth realization of the strategic goal of population development."

Vigorously develop inclusive child care services.

Fortunately, the supply of inclusive childcare services in China is constantly expanding.

According to the data of National Health Commission, in 2020-2022, National Health Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission launched a special campaign for inclusive childcare services, with the central budget of 2 billion yuan, which led local governments and society to invest more than 5 billion yuan, adding about 200,000 places, thus promoting the effective supply of inclusive childcare services.

The allocation of kindergarten teachers is also crucial. Jiang Jin, a first-class inspector of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, told the reporter of China Business News that if kindergartens recruit children aged 0-3, they still need to do a good job in teacher allocation.

Jiang Jin told reporters that on the one hand, 0 ~ 3 years old and 3 ~ 6 years old belong to two different stages of growth, and the current kindergarten teachers are not suitable for teaching children aged 0 ~ 3 directly. Kindergartens should recruit children aged 0-3, and teachers need to be re-equipped and specially trained. On the other hand, from the international experience, 0 ~ 3 years old is more suitable for family rearing, and it is not necessary to enter a nursery institution.

Jiang Jin believes that the child care industry is still in its infancy. What needs to be considered now is whether it is necessary for children at this stage to be sent to child care institutions, because children aged 3-6 are suitable for collective education, but children under 3 are more suitable for being raised and cared for at home.

"Local government departments should do a lot of work to guide parents, help parents build their confidence in parenting and increase their parenting knowledge so as to better (help families) raise their children." Jiang Jin believes that at present, relevant departments need to give rational guidance to the care needs of children under 3 years old.

The reporter noted that National Health Commission mentioned in the Reply to Suggestions that the infant care service and kindergarten service have different attributes, which was released earlier this year by the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress 1697.

National Health Commission said that the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Care Services for Infants under 3 years old clarified the nature of care services for infants and young children, while kindergartens provide care and education services for children aged 3-6 years old, and the two types of services have different requirements for venues, facilities and staffing. At present, the resources of inclusive preschool education are insufficient, and the task of popularizing inclusive education is still very heavy. The focus is on expanding inclusive resources to meet the needs of children aged 3-6. At the same time, encourage and support qualified kindergartens to set up nursing classes and recruit children aged 2-3.

Jiang Jin told reporters that the supply of preschool education resources in China is still insufficient, and the problem of "large class size" is more prominent in some places. Next, the education department should allocate resources to solve the problem of "large class size".

A person in the education department also believes that "the main responsibility of the government is to guide parents to better raise their children and follow the law of baby growth, rather than operating a large number of child care institutions. The world has never advocated sending all children aged 0-3 to nurseries. This is the result of scientific research and practice. "

During the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year, many deputies and committee members suggested that a fertility-friendly society should be built as soon as possible, that children aged 2-3 should be encouraged to take care of their children, that the diversified and healthy development of child care institutions should be promoted, and that an integrated development system for child care should be established.

An authoritative expert close to the Ministry of Education told reporters that internationally, the care of 0-3 years old belongs to conservation education and is not in the education system.

"So now we need to locate it. Only by positioning well can we talk about system construction. At present (about positioning), (all aspects) are also thinking. "

2022-11-15 Answer.

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