Coffee Culture

Italy: Passionate and unique coffee drinking habits in Italy

There are two things to be careful about when traveling in Italy: one is men; the other is coffee. In Italy, coffee and men are actually two different things, so there is a famous saying in Italy: Men should be like good coffee, both strong and passionate!

The Italian coffee with the English name Espresso has been widely known to coffee lovers in China in recent years. This kind of pure black coffee is rich and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface. It's scalding hot, like a devil escaping from hell. Every time you drink it, you'll be immersed in an indescribable charm that's unforgettable. The characteristics of Italian coffee are reflected in its English name, which is the word "kuai"; it takes no more than ten seconds to make it and drink it quickly, because there are only two or three sips. Generally, the first thing Italians do when they get up is to make a cup of coffee, and both men and women drink it almost from morning to night. There are small coffee shops called BARs everywhere on the street, selling a cup of coffee for about 400 lira, which is about more than 10 yuan in Taiwan dollars. For people to drink in one gulp while standing.

On average, Italians drink twenty cups of coffee a day. The coffee beans that are mixed into Italian coffee are the deepest roasted beans in the world. This is to match the special characteristics of Italian coffee pots for instant coffee extraction. Function. Since a cup of Italian coffee only weighs 50cc, and only six to eight grams of coffee beans are enough, this seemingly strong coffee actually does not harm the stomach at all, and even helps digestion! There is also a way to drink Italian coffee with milk, called Cappuccino, which uses the steam from an Italian coffee pot of over 130 degrees Celsius to first beat the milk into foam, and then float it on the thick black coffee. Sweet fresh milk, pure white and lovely; the charming Espresso devil is transformed into a wonderful angel under the embellishment of it!

Turkey: Turkey’s unique coffee drinking habit is breathtaking

In the ancient Middle Eastern country, coffee is like the legendary myth in One Thousand and One Nights, the veiled girl with a thousand faces, which can be It helps to draw close to God and is a spring of water that washes away sorrow. When talking about coffee, we have to mention Middle Eastern (Turkish) coffee, because no matter from the perspective of Islam or Christianity, the origin of coffee is in the remote and mysterious mountains of the Middle East. After a three-hundred-year ban on the role of Islamic religious circles from the 13th to the 15th century, coffee was officially introduced to Turkey in the 16th century, began to be commercialized, and quickly spread to the European continent. This method of drinking coffee, which is popular in Greece, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and other places, is commonly known as Turkish coffee or Arabic coffee. It still maintains the mystery of early religious rituals. The traditional way of making Turkish coffee is to use roasted and roasted dark coffee beans and grind them into fine powder. Put the sugar and cold water into a copper coffee pot (IBRIK) that looks like a deep spoon, and cook it slowly over low heat. , after repeated stirring and adding water, about twenty minutes later, a small cup of 50cc fragrant and strong coffee is completed.

Since the locals drink coffee without filtering, when this cup of thick, soup-like coffee is poured into the cup, there is not only sticky foam on the surface, but also residue at the bottom of the cup. In the Middle East, being invited to someone else's home to drink coffee represents the host's most sincere respect. Therefore, in addition to praising the aroma of the coffee, guests should also remember not to drink water even if their mouth is full of dregs, because that implies that the coffee is not good. drink. Arabs drink coffee slowly and leisurely. They even have a sophisticated coffee ceremony, just like the Chinese tea ceremony. When drinking coffee, they not only burn incense, but also sprinkle spices and smell the aroma. The dazzling array of coffee pots and utensils are full of magic. Night story style style. A cup of Middle Eastern coffee with cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon added to it will fill the room with fragrance when it is hot. No wonder the Arabs praise it: it is as captivating as musk.

United States: No taboos. The unique American coffee drinking habit

Americans drink coffee like a game that does not require rules. It is laissez-faire and has no taboos. Americans are dismissive of the various things that Europeans pay attention to when brewing coffee. Americans drink coffee freely, and coffee is also deeply integrated into their lives and is inseparable. Its influence is so profound that life without coffee is not considered life.

It is said that the Apollo 13 spacecraft, which was the first to carry humans to the moon, had a life-or-death failure on its way back. At that time, the ground staff comforted the three astronauts with one sentence: Come on! Fragrant hot coffee is waiting for your return. Whether at home, in the office, in public places or at roadside vending machines, Americans are inseparable from coffee almost twenty-four hours a day. In this way, it consumes one-third of the world's coffee production, making it the country with the largest coffee consumption in the world.

Generally speaking, life in the United States is relatively busy and stressful, and people in Europe and the Middle East are not as able to enjoy life in a leisurely manner. This is reflected in drinking coffee, which is often a large pot of electric filter coffee (Drip coffee). Coffee Marker), from morning to night, because more water is added and less coffee (a cup of ten grams of coffee to two hundred CC of water), the taste is particularly weak, so many people criticize American coffee as being really unpleasant to drink. In fact, across the United States, coffee lovers can still taste their favorite coffee flavors as long as they put in a little more effort. If American coffee is simply divided into two categories: strong and light, the east coast of the United States has stronger coffee than the west coast, and the south has stronger coffee than the north. In terms of ethnicity, southern Europeans and Latinos are more fond of strong coffee than immigrants from England, Germany, and Northern Europe.

In addition, although the United States is the largest exporter of instant coffee, there are not many people in the United States who drink instant coffee. In recent years, as a result of their increasing emphasis on dietary health, the market for coffeeineless coffee has been increasing, and the trend of drinking coffee without added sugar has become more and more common.

Vienna’s unique coffee drinking habits and coffee culture

Coffee is something that Viennese people talk about and are quite proud of. Viennese people even compare it with music and waltz, calling it the "Three Treasures of Vienna", which shows the love between Viennese people and coffee. Some people say that Vienna is "one coffee in five steps". This may be an exaggeration by the poet, but it is a fact that there are many coffeehouses in Vienna. From coffee kiosks on street corners where people can stand and drink, to coffee shops where students gather near universities, to gorgeous and luxurious coffee shops next to theaters and near the imperial city, there are at least dozens of them. Some coffee shops open as early as 6:30 in the morning. It doesn't close until 2am. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that the air of the "Music City" is not only filled with the rhythm of music, but also filled with the fragrance of coffee.

The history of coffee drinking in Vienna can be traced back to the 17th century. At that time, there were many cafes in cities of many Islamic countries, and coffee had become an indispensable part of people's lives.

But in Europe, people still don’t know what it is. In 1683, Turkey attacked Vienna for the second time. At that time, the Austrian Emperor Opold I signed a military alliance with the Polish King Augustus II. The Austrian-Polish coalition crushed the Turkish attack. The Turkish troops who fled in panic abandoned a large number of weapons, ammunition, and hundreds of large bags containing mysterious brown beans on the battlefield around the city walls of Vienna. The victorious Viennese people did not know what to do with these beans. Coincidentally, a Polish spy who was lurking in the Turkish army, Korszycki, had tasted a thick black drink made from roasted adzuki beans in Constantinople. The Turks called it "Kahve". That is now coffee. As a reward, the Pole received all the coffee captured on the battlefield and opened the first coffeehouse in Vienna's history. To this day, there are still many cafes that claim to be the first cafe opened by Poles to attract customers. But in the beginning, the coffee shop business was not good, and Viennese people still preferred to drink tea. Later, the businessman changed the recipe and added milk to the coffee. The effect was surprisingly good and it became popular in the 1680s. People call it "Melange". To this day, coffee, although there are many types, is still the most popular drink in Vienna.

Drinking coffee has become a part of life in Vienna. In a leisurely atmosphere, people can meet friends, play chess, read, write, and read newspapers in a cafe as long as they pay for a cup of coffee. (Newspapers from many countries are usually provided), or watch TV in an inconspicuous corner.

Some coffee shops have their own type of customer - a country, a writer, or a politician. Most coffee shops have a variety of customers. The most famous café in Vienna is the Central Café in the city center. Before World War I, it had been a gathering place for famous poets, playwrights, artists, musicians, and diplomats. Some people say that this is the cradle of many Austrian poems, plays, and novels. This may be an exaggeration, but music masters Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and the "Waltz Dynasty" Strauss and his sons were all frequent visitors here. Today's Central Cafe is very busy, but no matter how crowded it is, customers can stay as long as they want. This is a century-old tradition of Vienna's cafes. There are also many well-known cafes in Vienna, and they always have close relationships with some famous people from the past or present. Viennese people like to tell tourists in detail which artists and writers often gather in which coffeehouses, and which politicians like to meet with reporters in which coffeehouses. There are many types of coffee in Vienna, from clear coffee to milky coffee of various colors, each with its own characteristics, suitable for different people's tastes, and each has its own name. Therefore, when you walk into a Vienna coffee shop, if you simply ask for a cup of coffee, the waiter will be at a loss because there are at least more than 40 varieties of coffee. If you don't know much about coffee but want to experience the unique atmosphere of a Viennese coffee house, then order the "Melange" we mentioned earlier. This rich milk coffee is completely Viennese and has an endless aftertaste. No matter which coffee you ask for, you'll also get a glass of water - for no reason other than that Vienna water is so refreshing and delicious. But if the waiter brings a second glass of water to the guest, it means "you have stayed here too long."

Viennese people love sweets, and they like to add a piece of exquisite dessert to their cup of coffee. There are many desserts in Vienna, but people like Gugelhupf the most when drinking coffee, which is a hollow round egg roll unique to Vienna. The coffee shop has newspapers, pictorials, and magazines for readers to read, which is a major cultural feature of Vienna coffee shops, and this feature also has historical origins. It is said that before coffee was widely accepted, many cafes in Vienna had to provide free newspapers to attract customers. Because newspapers were very expensive at that time, the price of a newspaper was twice as expensive as a cup of coffee. Of course, this entertaining role of newspapers no longer exists today, but this practice has remained and constitutes the cultural taste of Viennese coffee houses.

Japan’s unique coffee drinking habits and its coffee culture

Coffee was first introduced to Japan in Dejima, Nagasaki during the Genroku period. People officially accepted it starting from the Meiji era. Let’s take a look at the history of coffee in Japan!

At first, the Japanese were not used to its delicious taste. When coffee houses opened one after another in Western European countries, the literature and art of coffee culture were in their flowering period, and Japan was in the midst of the Edo period. in the historical lockdown policy. Coffee, the most advanced beverage at that time, was established in the Dutch trading house in Dejima, Nagasaki (1641), and it is presumed that it was brought in at that time. However, those who could contact foreigners were servants (officials), merchants, interpreters, and wandering girls. According to the "Zumberu Japanese Chronicle" recorded in 1776, "Two or three interpreters finally understood the delicious taste of coffee. "Coffee", which was specially introduced to Dejima to symbolize foreign culture, could not be popularized at that time."

The Japanese drink coffee in the book "Qiongpu Youzhu" written by the author of Kuanggeshi Opera in 1804. A native of Shushan, Datian, was invited to drink something called "coffee" on a red-haired boat. The beans were roasted until they were black and powdery. After mixing it with sugar, the bitter smell and bitter taste are difficult to adapt to. Judging from the background that coffee was imported from Deshima and was not widely accepted, the lockdown policy did affect the Japanese's unaccustomed taste to the new drink.

In 1823, Sibort, who came to the Dutch residence in Deshima, Japan, seemed to like coffee. In the book "Edo Sanfu Chronicles", it was recorded that "the Japanese like to drink coffee when they get along with us." ".

The real popularity started in the mid-Meiji period.

Members of the founding literary magazine "Ang", including Hakushu Kitahara, Takuboku Ishikawa, Kotaro Takamura, Haruo Sato, Karika Nagai, etc., use the "Koami's Nest" place in Nihonbashi Koami-machi as their monthly meeting place. In the shop, you can drink authentic French cuisine, foreign wine, and coffee, including authentic French dark roasted coffee. Hong's Nest is like a social place for literati.

From the Meiji era to the Taisho era, cultural salons like this did help to create several coffee houses, and Japan finally entered the coffee culture. However, it is still a rare shop for ordinary people.

The coffee salon formed at that time was a social place for literati or literary youths, but at the same time, affordable coffee houses became unknowingly popular. At its peak during the Taisho era, there were approximately 20 branches nationwide. Why are coffee salons so popular? Because coffee in high-end Western restaurants cost 15 yuan a cup at that time, while coffee shops imitating Paris or New York completely implemented low-priced coffee for 5 yuan a cup. Therefore, you can enjoy authentic and fragrant Brazilian coffee at one third of the price. Countless Japanese people have tasted delicious coffee at famous coffee salons across the country. The coffee salon has made an indelible contribution to popularizing coffee.

During the Taisho era, the number of coffee lovers did increase a lot, and in the Showa era, it became even more popular among the public. However, during World War II, the import of coffee was stopped because it was considered an "enemy drink". In Japanese life, coffee disappeared for a while. Coffee is appreciated and loved by people as the "messenger of peace".

The current situation in the Japanese coffee market is very competitive. Including tea shops and home regular coffee and instant coffee, home coffee and office coffee, various canned coffees, plus hospitality coffee, gourmet coffee, etc. Especially since the Heisei era, the demand for more authentic coffee has also increased.

Romantic France’s unique coffee drinking habits and coffee culture

1.

I once heard that France drank less coffee because of a shortage of coffee. I see more and more people taking naps. It may sound like a boast, but it is absolutely true that the French love coffee. When the "Gulf War" broke out in 1991, France was one of the participating countries. Some people in the country were worried that the war would affect the supply of daily necessities, so they rushed to supermarkets to buy them. Even the TV station was alarmed by this incident. When the camera turned on the customers who were carrying "short supplies", they found that what they took the most were actually coffee and sugar. This incident became a big joke at the time.

What the French pay attention to when drinking coffee seems not to be the taste, but the environment and atmosphere. Most of them are not willing to "drink alone" behind closed doors, but prefer to join in the fun outside, even if the price of a small cup is enough to brew it at home. A pot. They didn't drink it in a hurry, but tasted it slowly and carefully, read books and newspapers, talked loudly, and spent most of the day "soaking" in it. At the science and technology expo, I walked through six or seven large exhibition halls, and I saw coffee seats in the corners to facilitate communication and negotiation among people from all walks of life. The seats were full all day long.

2.

The French develop this habit of drinking coffee, consciously or unconsciously expressing an elegant charm, a romantic mood, and a comfortable feeling of enjoying life. . It can be said that this is a traditional and unique coffee culture. Because of this, places for people to rest and drink coffee in France can be said to be all over the streets, under the shade of trees, beside the road, by the square, on the river bank, as well as on cruise ships, on street balconies, and even on the Eiffel Tower... The form, style, and size are not rigid. There are coffee shops, restaurants, halls, and rooms. These are all attached to buildings and covered with roofs. The most popular and romantic ones are the outdoor cafes, which are almost a reflection of French life.

Many open-air cafes occupy a lot of public places, such as a corner of the square, some sidewalks on the street, and even on the Champs-Elysees Avenue, where people come and go, and the colorful parasols become In order to embellish the unique streetscape of Paris, it seems that the municipal authorities are particularly tolerant of this. Almost all the chairs in the cafe are arranged facing the road, which is obviously an auditorium deliberately set up. The road in front of it is a big stage where the play will never be repeated.

Looking at the various guests, despite the hustle and bustle of the street, a cup of wine in hand under the umbrella, leisurely. You can pick up a local newspaper and browse aimlessly, puff on a cigarette, or just appreciate the colorful streets. Here, there will be bright fashions flashing, intoxicating fragrances wafting, beautiful girls passing by, and street musicians often singing beautiful melodies to you. This scene is intoxicating. It is not difficult to see lovers who were whispering in the seats hugging and kissing each other as if no one else was watching. Others are really not that envious because this is France. If you are lucky, there might be a French beauty sitting on the chair next to you, adding a lot of visual enjoyment to you. Here, Parisian girls sipping coffee and reading fashion magazines are regarded as a symbol of fashion.

3.

In addition to those outdoor cafes that look up to the sky, among the approximately 170,000 cafes in France, there are many that are grand or simple and elegant. Especially in Paris, some cafes themselves are historical and legendary places. During the Old Dynasty in the Middle Ages, the center of French cultural life was the court. In the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century, the cultural focus began to shift to various salons, clubs and cafes. Café Le ProcoPe in the Latin Quarter is associated with the French Revolution that affected the entire world more than 200 years ago. The thinkers of the European Enlightenment in the 18th century, Voltaire,

Rousseau, and Diderot, as well as the three heroes of the Revolution, Robespierre, Danton, and Marat, were all frequent visitors here. At that time, several of Voltaire's works and Diderot's world's first encyclopedia were written here. The red, white and blue hat that was symbolic of the Revolution also appeared here for the first time. In the years before the revolution broke out, this place had been a place of excitement and storms. It is said that Napoleon also came here before he became famous, and even left his military cap because of a debt due to drinking coffee. Later, it became a social place for first-class writers, actors, gentlemen and ladies to gather and chat, including the famous Hugo, Balzac, George Sand, Zola, etc., and even later a cafe was founded with the name of this cafe. Literary magazine "Prokov". Therefore, the museum now has a particularly rich collection of traditional costumes, antique furnishings and various cultural relics. The layout and scenery of the museum seem to have not been "renewed" due to the changes of the times, and customers still like its classics.

4.

The Academy Café in Montmartre is a symbol of the Paris University era in the 19th century. Artists from all over the place have been living here for a long time. With the cafe as the center, they jointly built the glorious University of Paris era. Opposite the Saint-Germain church, there is also a 19th-century style cafe Les Deux Magots, but its fame came in the 1920s. A group of surrealist writers and painters have been talking here for a long time, burning the flames of artistic thought, and finally created a "De Mag Literary Award" named after this cafe, which continues to this day. It is said that Hemingway often came here to drink coffee to capture creative inspiration. However, a cup of coffee that sells for 4 to 6 francs in other places can be sold for 22 francs here. This literary and artistic creation is really valuable. What’s interesting is that the DeFlore Café next door is also a famous academic venue and prospered with more philosophers after the war. At that time, Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and others often sat in fixed seats, which are now specially marked with bronze medals. Since there were always cultural elites coming in and out of these two cafes, this area gradually became filled with bookstores, literary cafes and restaurants, and later became the birthplace of French literature (Belle-Lette).

Central and Northern Europe: Mild and rational, the unique coffee drinking habit of Central Europe

Not as passionate as the Italians, nor as romantic as the French, people in the Central and Northern Europe drink Coffee is drunk sensibly and moderately, just like their strict national character.

The lives of Europeans and coffee are almost inseparable. In addition to the unique coffee drinking methods in Italy and France, from Austria, Switzerland, Germany, and even several Nordic countries, the habits and tastes of coffee can be It is said that they are similar, they deeply understand the golden mean, and they are completely medium-strength flavors.

People in Central and Northern Europe make coffee at home, most commonly using simple hand-pour filter paper coffee makers, and the common household electric coffee maker (Drip Coffee Maker) in Taiwan. Among them, the filter paper coffee brewing method (Paper Drip) originated in Central Europe. It was invented by the German Mrs. MERITA at the beginning of this century and has been widely spread in European countries. However, coffee in business premises needs to be supplied in large quantities and quickly. Espresso coffee machines are still the world, but the coffee beans used have different flavors. Perhaps the biggest difference between drinking coffee in cafes in these countries and Taiwan is that they clearly separate coffee, sugar, and milk. Many cafes list different prices for black coffee and coffee with milk on their price lists. , some even include the portion size as a factor in the price difference. Some countries in Central Europe, such as Austria and Switzerland, are famous for their pastries. The variety of pastries they produce has naturally become another outstanding performance on the coffee table.

In recent years, the average coffee drinking among the people of the four Nordic countries has been among the top four in the world (more than 1,000 cups per person per year). Their love for coffee can be described as Baha A libretto in the opera describes it best: Such wonderful coffee is sweeter than a thousand kisses, and more intoxicating than old wine.

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