What does communication include?

Question 1: What kind of modern communication does modern communication include? Modern communication is often understood as a single high-tech communication such as telecommunication, digital communication, IT industry and electronic product manufacturing (the pillar of impetuous economic development in cultural industry), and the essence of communication is ignored. Postal communication is also a part of modern communication. Postal communication is based on physical transmission and transmits information through the spatial transmission of words, pictures and objects, which is the embodiment of personal communication freedom and privacy protection on the basis of national security construction. Effective and reasonable management and development of postal communication can promote the growth of service economy, make all resources (especially human resources) meet the needs of human development more reasonably and fairly, and make the national economy develop in a better, higher and more transparent direction. Only in this way can human beings (people who have been destroying resources in the history of human development in exchange for human living space) realize the "harmony between man and nature" and truly become "natural persons" who do not destroy resources. As a quick way of communication, the network is more and more accepted by people. Just like a mailbox, as long as you click the mouse, your friends will receive your email within a few seconds. Another example is QQ, MSN and other chat tools, which are also accepted by people. At the same time, because this transmission mode is based on digital transmission, there are many loopholes. The higher the new one, the greater the possibility of collapse. Even if you back up frequently, you can't resist the hacker attack of data overflow. At the same time, because of its rapid spread, it is easy to make mistakes and restless * * spread quickly.

Postal delivery is based on physical delivery. Although fewer and fewer people write letters now, the simpler and truer, the simpler and truer. Letters are the simplest and purest way to transmit information, and will not leak information because they are transmitted too fast. Express delivery is the need of the development of human society. The main reason is that with the improvement of people's material living standards, the demand for services is getting higher and higher. However, its development is restricted by traffic, and the traffic is inconvenient to get up quickly.

Telephone is divided into fixed telephone, mobile telephone and internet telephone, and its transmission mode is basically the same as that of the network, but the difference from the network is that the telephone can not directly transmit words and pictures, and the difference from the postal mode is that it can not transmit physical objects.

Fax fax is the fastest-growing non-telephone telecommunication service in the last twenty years. Still images recorded on paper, such as words, charts, photos, etc. , scanned and converted into electrical signals, and transmitted to the destination through various channels. At the receiving end, through a series of inverse transformation processes, a communication method similar to sending the original is obtained, which is called fax.

The main technologies of fax are scanning technology, recording technology, synchronization technology and transmission technology. The communication process of fax includes scanning, photoelectric conversion, image signal transmission, recording conversion, receiving scanning and synchronization.

Fax is a telecommunication signal based on PSTN that transmits fax signals through equipment. In recent years, due to the rapid development of science and technology, electronic network fax has gradually become a new communication tool to replace fax machines.

Satellite phone A telephone that transmits information based on a satellite communication system is a satellite phone. Satellite phone is the product of modern mobile communication. Its main function is to fill the areas that can't be covered by existing communication terminals (wired communication and wireless communication) and provide better services for people's work. In modern communication, satellite communication is irreplaceable by other communication methods, and all communication functions provided by existing ordinary communication have been applied in satellite communication.

Telegrams are written messages transmitted by electrical signals. Today, with the rapid communication, the function of telegraph is not very great. Maybe one day telegrams will disappear from our lives.

Telegraph is a kind of communication service, and it is also the earliest method of using electricity to communicate. It takes current (wired) or electromagnetic wave (wireless) as the carrier, and realizes the communication mode of human long-distance transmission and information exchange through coding and corresponding electrical processing technology.

Telegraph has greatly accelerated the circulation of news and is one of the important inventions in industrial society. Early telegrams could only communicate on land, and later submarine cables were used to carry out overseas business. At the beginning of the twentieth century, radio began to be used to send telegrams, and the telegraph business basically reached most parts of the earth. Telegrams are mainly used to transmit text messages, and those that use telegraph technology to transmit pictures are called faxes.

Question 2: What communication software are there? At present, there are some well-known communication software on the market, such as imo, rtx, flying pigeon, qq, msn and so on. However, qq and msn are suitable for individuals, and the first three are more suitable for office work. However, imo is an instant messaging software that can be used for life and provides continuous free upgrades. I recommend the landlord to use this.

Question 3: What courses does communication technology include? Training objectives of communication technology major (science) This major trains high-tech applied professionals with solid foundation, wide knowledge, strong adaptability, strong ability, high comprehensive quality and innovative consciousness, who can be engaged in the installation, debugging, operation, maintenance and management of communication systems, the production and testing of communication products, and meet the needs of production, construction, service and management. The main courses include electronic engineering drawing, electrician foundation, electronic technology, signal and system, high-frequency electronic circuit, single chip microcomputer and interface technology, communication principle, mobile communication, program-controlled switching technology, electronic circuit CAD, professional foreign languages, computer network foundation, digital audio-visual home appliance maintenance, optical fiber communication technology foundation, computer control technology and so on. Professional characteristic communication technology is a wide-caliber specialty with strong comprehensive ability.

Question 4: What is the difference between communication and communication? 1. Communication and communication In the traditional sense, "communication" mainly refers to telephone, telegram and telex. The "message" of communication refers to the message, and the media message is transmitted from one end to the other through the communication network. The contents of media messages are mainly voice, text, pictures and video images. Its network is mainly composed of electronic equipment system and radio system, and the signals transmitted and processed are analog. Therefore, the word "communication" should refer to the process of realizing the above-mentioned media information transmission by means of telegraph, telephone and other media transmission systems. "Communication" only refers to data communication, that is, end-to-end transmission of data is realized through computer network system and data communication system. The letter of communication refers to information, and the carrier of information is binary data. Data can express information in traditional media forms such as sound, image and animation. Because the old "communication" system has realized the transformation of digitalization and computer networking, it can be considered that the current data communication system has covered the functions of the old "communication" system. According to this conclusion, at present, the word "communication" should be used more to represent the data transmission between the Internet and LAN, and the word "communication" should be used less or not as much as possible to avoid conceptual misunderstanding. 2. Node to node, interconnection and interconnection "network node" and "network node" are often seen in technical articles, and "interconnection" and "interconnection" are also mentioned. Is there a clear definition between them? In fact, this is a purely linguistic problem, which has nothing to do with technology. Even if there is a mixture, it will not cause ambiguity, so these words can be used indiscriminately. There are different protocols or standards on the Internet. The concepts of "agreement" and "standard" are similar, but different. The agreement is hierarchical, which refers to the agreement that all communication parties abide by in low-level terms; As far as the top layer is concerned, it is an agreement about network application and management. So the essence of the protocol is an agreement, and it is a formal agreement. For example, IP is the third layer protocol of OSI/RM. The scope of the standard is broader, including not only written agreements, but also all rules that are uniformly implemented on the network. So standards are sometimes called norms or rules. For example, IEEE 802.3u is a fast Ethernet standard formulated by the American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and it can also be considered as a large class of protocol sets of 100M Ethernet. Category (CAT3, CAT5) is the line standard of unshielded twisted pair set by EIA/TIA. It can only be called a standard, not an agreement. Second, the same word has different meanings 1. Bandwidth In network technology, "bandwidth" has different meanings in different applications. One refers to the frequency bandwidth of the network-frequency band width, that is, the difference between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the network signal, in hertz; The other refers to the maximum transmission rate of local area network, which represents the data transmission capacity of local area network, and the unit is bps. 2. Rate "communication rate" is usually divided into two types: one is the number of bits transmitted per unit time, also known as bit rate, data transmission rate, data rate or simply rate; The other is the number of symbols transmitted per unit time, also known as symbol rate, modulation rate, baud rate or simply baud rate. The bit rate value can be the same as or different from the baud rate value. For example, for a modem, its bit rate value in operation is much greater than the baud rate value. Media is a frequently used word, which can be understood as a medium used to connect two or more things. Also called media, media, media, interface, etc. In different applications, its meaning is different. When "media" is used in the field of public information dissemination, it is called media, such as radio, television, newspapers, magazines and websites. , all belong to the media. When used in computer information processing technology, "media" is called media information. Usually refers to voice, text, graphic images, animation and other media, that is, multimedia. When used in network and communication technology, it is called media medium, communication medium and transmission medium. We are familiar with cables, optical cables, radios and microwaves. , belong to this category. In addition, in the field of software application, the part of media information output to users through the display is called the user interface (UI) of software.

Question 5: What are the basic knowledge of communication? Telecontrol network is a communication system in which multiple telecommunication systems communicate with each other, and it is an important infrastructure for human beings to realize long-distance communication. It uses cable, wireless, optical fiber or other electromagnetic systems to transmit, transmit and receive symbols, characters, images, sounds or other signals. Telecommunication network consists of terminal equipment, transmission link and switching equipment, supplemented by signaling system, communication protocol and corresponding operation support system. At present, communication systems all over the world are developing towards digital telecommunication network, which will gradually replace the transmission and exchange of analog communication and develop towards intelligence and integration. However, due to the interoperability of the whole network, it is impossible to update the existing telecommunications network at the same time, so the development of the telecommunications network is a gradual process.

According to different classification systems, telecommunication networks can be divided into the following categories:

According to the types of telecommunication services, it is divided into: telephone network, telegraph network, telex network, data communication network, fax communication network, image communication network, cable TV network, etc.

According to the service area, it is divided into: local telecommunications network, rural telecommunications network, long-distance telecommunications network, mobile telecommunications network and international telecommunications network.

According to the types of transmission media, it is divided into: overhead open wire network, wired communication network, optical cable communication network, satellite communication network, user optical fiber network, low-orbit satellite mobile communication network and so on.

According to the switching mode, it can be divided into: circuit switching network, message switching network, packet switching network, broadband switching network, etc. According to the structural form, it can be divided into mesh network, star network, ring network, grid network and bus network.

According to the form of information signal, it can be divided into: analog communication network, digital communication network and mixed digital-analog network.

According to the information transmission mode, it can be divided into: Integrated Services Digital Network (isdn) with synchronous transmission mode and Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (b-isdn) with long-distance transmission mode.

Question 6: What does modern communication include: optical fiber communication technology, digital mobile communication technology, broadband integrated service digital network technology, multimedia communication technology, Internet technology and intelligent network technology.

Question 7: What routers, switches and hubs do network communication devices include?

Question 8: What are the types of postal communication? Telephone, telegram, fax, e-mail

Question 9: What are the communication tools: mobile phones, computers, telephones, walkie-talkies, PP machines, radios, bugs, routers, switches, modems, hubs …

Question 10: What does the communication construction project include? The first is the opportunity study of the project (check whether the project is in contradiction with the planning of economic and social development at all levels, and whether there are investment opportunities and values). If yes, it will be transferred to the preliminary feasibility study (entrust a qualified engineering consulting unit to check whether the project has vitality and the necessity of construction, etc.). ). If yes, it will be transferred to the feasibility study stage (a qualified engineering consulting unit will be entrusted to conduct a comprehensive demonstration on the construction scheme, site selection, market investigation and evaluation, product scheme, capital source or financing scheme, financial analysis, environmental evaluation, socio-economic evaluation and risk analysis of the project, during which a large number of * * * administrative licenses will be submitted for approval or obtained. Such as land use planning permission, site selection approval, environmental assessment document approval, occupational health approval, land pre-examination, individual approval of construction scheme, supporting documents of water, electricity, transportation, raw materials, heating, communication, fuel and other units of construction scheme, etc.), and then submit the feasibility study report to the competent department for approval, and then submit the project application report (approval category) to the National Development and Reform Commission. After approval, the project will be transferred to the preliminary design stage. Then there are construction, procurement, installation, completion acceptance and completion report after the completion of the project, and project delivery. Of course, the above is the general and main process. For each stage, there are many sub-processes. For example, bidding: setting up a bidding leading body and working group-entrusting a bidding agency-refining the bidding scheme (compiling the outline of bidding work)-compiling pre-qualification documents and bidding documents-announcing-selling pre-qualification documents-organizing pre-qualification-pre-qualification announcement and bidding-sending the bidding documents-conducting on-site reconnaissance-answering questions and clarifying the bidding documents before bidding-opening bids (selecting experts and setting up at the same time)