I want to know the loan policy of China Agricultural Bank for the three rural projects!

Investigation report on popularizing the policy of "agriculture, countryside and farmers"

The construction of a harmonious society in rural areas is an important part of the construction of a harmonious society in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the promotion and implementation of the "three rural" policy is the key to building a new socialist countryside. Based on the field investigation and study of some rural areas in western Henan, combined with the understanding of the "three rural" policy of the CPC Central Committee, this paper provides important reference for the local government and relevant departments to formulate corresponding tests.

[Keywords:] three rural taxes and fees reform, compulsory education of agricultural products, cooperative medical care for migrant workers

The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been important issues related to the overall economic and social development of our country. At present, China has generally reached the development stage of promoting agriculture by industry and bringing rural areas by cities, and initially has the conditions and capabilities to increase support and protection for agriculture and rural areas. Drawing on the successful experience at home and abroad, we must speed up the construction of a new socialist countryside and realize the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society. Building a new countryside is the main content of developing rural social undertakings and building a harmonious society. Developing rural social undertakings is an important part of building a new countryside. To build a harmonious society, we must first build a harmonious township. This requires us to build a new socialist countryside and accelerate the development of various social undertakings in rural areas.

Since 2003, the government has launched a series of "three rural" policies to revitalize agriculture, develop rural areas and increase farmers' income. Several years have passed, how is the implementation? In this regard, the author investigated the popularization of the three rural policies in Songxian Reservoir Township, Zhifang Township and surrounding areas in Luoyang City. The survey was conducted in two forms: questionnaire and interview.

In the survey, we found that the popularity of the "three rural" policies is uneven. For example, the national improved seed subsidy policy has been well implemented, while the problem of agricultural loans has become increasingly prominent and needs to be solved urgently; The reform of taxes and fees won the hearts of the people, but the high prices of agricultural products made farmers fall into sorrow again; Although compulsory education has been basically realized, the burden of high school education is too heavy; Although democratic elections are implemented, the form is too heavy, and so on. What are the reasons for so many problems? In this regard, we conducted an analysis.

First, the effect of improved seed subsidies is obvious, and the situation of agricultural loans is worrying.

In order to implement the spirit of the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, resume the development of grain production and increase farmers' income, in recent years, the state has increased investment and expanded the scope of subsidized crops to four major grain crops: soybean, wheat, corn and rice. The purpose of formulating the subsidy policy for improved varieties is to promote improved varieties, increase unit yield, increase grain output and promote the development of high-quality and efficient agriculture; Second, in order to improve food quality, improve food quality and enhance market competitiveness; The third is to meet the domestic demand for high-quality grain varieties. According to the survey, 65% farmers enjoy preferential policies for improved varieties, and only 8% farmers don't know the improved varieties subsidy policies. This shows that the improved seed subsidy policy has been well implemented, but it still needs to be further strengthened, because it will certainly play an important role in increasing agricultural output and improving farmers' living standards.

At present, due to the influence and restriction of many factors, the problems of difficult agricultural loans and difficult agricultural loan guarantee are still outstanding, which have become the bottleneck restricting rural economic development and farmers' income increase. The survey found that nearly 70% of farmers do not know the detailed loan process. Even if they do, because the agricultural loan mechanism needs to be improved and the loan threshold is too high, there is an embarrassing situation that they want to develop and get rich, but they can't get loans. According to analysis, there are two main reasons for this situation: First, agricultural loans are long in cycle, slow in effect and risky, and banks are biased in strategy, leading agricultural enterprises, professional cooperatives and professional farmers are facing "loan difficulties"; Second, agricultural business entities lack effective collateral, the construction of agricultural credit guarantee system lags behind, and agricultural enterprises, professional cooperatives and professional farmers face "guarantee difficulties". The author believes that the problem of agricultural loans can be partially solved through the following measures. ① Build a complete marketing network for supporting agriculture with credit cooperatives and branch behavior centers, with account managers as the focus, village committees as the support, information workers and mutual aid groups as the fulcrum, and civilized users as the foothold. (2) Create a "civilized credit evaluation+farmers' joint guarantee" loan issuance management model. ③ Improve the user file system of civilized letter. (4) Give full play to the leverage of credit and control the import and export of loans.

Second, the reform of taxes and fees has won the hearts of the people, and the problem of agricultural products is serious.

With the gradual advancement of rural tax and fee reform, it has effectively promoted the development of rural economy and the increase of farmers' income. According to the author's investigation, the money saved by reducing the tax burden can be used to develop production, improve agricultural production equipment, improve crop varieties and develop agricultural sideline, which not only increases farmers' personal income, but also increases the total agricultural income year by year. At the same time, after the reform of taxes and fees abolished the burden of agricultural taxes and fees, many farmers who abandoned their land and wandered around the edge of the city went home to farm with peace of mind, which undoubtedly promoted the development of agricultural economy. The survey found that 97% of farmers are satisfied with the rural tax and fee reform in recent years. However, due to the large population and small land, the per capita income is less than two points, and the income growth in this area is not obvious. Nevertheless, the reform of rural taxes and fees made farmers realize the importance of political participation and stimulated their awareness of political participation. In addition, the tax and fee reform completely abolished all unreasonable charges, arbitrary apportionment and arbitrary fines. And block the demand collection from the source and increase the burden on farmers at will.

This decision represents and reflects the common aspirations and fundamental interests of the broad masses of farmers. In addition, stimulated by the spirit of the "No.1 Document" policy, a noteworthy phenomenon is that more and more migrant workers begin to work in cities.

Go home. On the one hand, the emergence of a large number of land conflicts shows that farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain is constantly rising, but at the same time, there are many risks hidden. First of all, the direct consequence of "competing for land" is a sharp drop in the number of large grain growers.

A few years ago, the good momentum of land circulation was stopped. Secondly, a large number of farmers return to their hometowns to farm, which is not conducive to the scale benefit of land and the increase of farmers' income. Obviously contrary to the spirit of "No.1 Document". To solve the contradiction of farmers' competing for land, on the one hand, we should standardize rural land circulation and conscientiously implement the second round of land extension policy; On the other hand, we should create a better environment for migrant workers and give them equal "national treatment". Only when more farmers are no longer farmers can agriculture achieve large-scale intensive management and farmers can really increase their income.

After the farmers answered the question of rural tax and fee reform, our other question "What do you think of the price of agricultural products" immediately aroused their strong reaction, which basically reflected that the price was too high and unstable. Although the increase in the production cost of agricultural products in recent years is caused by many factors, such as the increase in the cost of agricultural raw materials, the increase in crude oil prices, and the shortage of electricity supply, the four major problems of the high price of agricultural products are ineffective price control measures, unscientific pricing methods, regional protection affecting the implementation of price policies, chaotic business order, and poor circulation channels. What's more, farmers report that there are still many fake and shoddy agricultural products flooding the rural market. With the development of China's economy, agriculture has been supported and subsidized by industry and tertiary industry. The state should strengthen the supervision of agricultural products market, subsidize farmers to buy agricultural products, and let farmers truly appreciate the benefits brought by the rural tax and fee reform.

Third, the implementation of nine-year compulsory education is good, and the burden of high school education is too heavy.

To realize the four modernizations in China, science and technology are the key and education is the foundation. Implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is a favorable decision to promote the development of China. 1The Compulsory Education Law implemented in July 1986 paved the way for the glory of compulsory education in China. In 2002, the population coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education in China reached 90%, and the enrollment rate of primary school-age children reached 99.3%. However, due to the large rural population, many rural children and low farmers' income, some farmers cannot fulfill the obligation of "nine-year compulsory education". With the development of national economy, in recent years, the government has gradually implemented partial or complete free nine-year compulsory education. The nine-year compulsory education policy of exempting tuition and miscellaneous fees has been implemented in rural areas, which has greatly improved rural education.

As can be seen from the survey results, free education has indeed been implemented in the surveyed areas, and local farmers are also quite satisfied. But there are still some problems in education. First of all, some farmers have reported that although the school implements nine-year compulsory education and is free of tuition and miscellaneous fees, there are a few cases of arbitrary charges in other names. Of course, under these circumstances, the school also expressed some difficulties. In order to improve the teaching effect and the quality of students, schools sometimes have to buy some learning materials, which are not free. The author thinks that these problems can be solved by communicating with parents. After all, both sides have the same goal, which is to cultivate children to become talents. Second, the reaction is strong. Nine years later, education, especially high school education, is too expensive, far exceeding the affordability of farmers. In addition, there is no perfect loan system like university education, which has dealt a great blow to farmers' educational confidence. As a result, many parents are interested in letting their children fulfill their "obligations", which greatly reduces the effect of nine-year free compulsory education.

Fourth, the protection of migrant workers still needs to be strengthened, and legal awareness needs to be improved.

When the country put forward the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", it was suggested to add another "agriculture"-the issue of migrant workers. The area we investigated is densely populated and sparsely populated, with a per capita income of less than two points. In case the water rises, it may not be harvested, and there are still a lot of surplus labor, so this problem is more prominent. It is understood that almost every household in the local area has migrant workers, and the income from migrant workers has also become the main source of income. In the survey, it was found that only 37.5% of migrant workers' wages were paid on time, and 44% were not paid on time, so they had to complain for them. Encouragingly, in 2004, the government introduced a series of measures to protect the wages and rights of migrant workers. But these all need legal protection. In our investigation, we found that 67% of migrant workers do not know the relevant policies to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers, and rarely sign legal documents such as helper contracts. This requires us to further publicize the law in rural areas so that farmers can safeguard their legitimate rights and interests by legal means.

Five, the rural cooperative medical system needs to be further improved.

Since the reform and opening up, the medical and health conditions in rural areas have been greatly improved, and the general problem of lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas has been basically solved. However, due to the imperfect rural medical security system in most places, the medical expenses are completely paid by individuals, and the burden on farmers is heavy, so some farmers have the problems of difficulty in seeing a doctor, poverty due to illness, and returning to poverty due to illness. These situations show that diseases are an important cause of poverty, and poverty makes diseases difficult to treat. In 2006, seven ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Health, jointly issued the Notice on Accelerating the Pilot Work of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System, requiring governments at all levels to take practical measures to speed up the establishment of the new rural cooperative medical system, improve the health level of farmers, reduce the economic burden of seriously ill farmers, gradually reduce the poverty and return to poverty caused by illness, and promote the coordinated development of rural economy and society. In our investigation, we found that many farmers don't know or know the rural cooperative medical system, and even 5 1% people have never enjoyed the cooperative medical treatment in township hospitals. In the interview, we found that this result is partly due to ignorance of the implementation of cooperative medical care and partly due to distrust of rural cooperative medical care. This reminds us that when establishing and developing rural cooperative medical care, we should strengthen the system construction and win the trust of the people.

Sixth, the form of democratic elections is too heavy and the transparency of village affairs needs to be improved.

For a long time after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), local officials, especially village officials in rural areas, adopted the appointment system. However, with the development of economy, the popularization of compulsory education, the development of society, the improvement of people's quality and the enhancement of democratic consciousness. In recent years, rural "parents" all over the country have also carried out democratic elections. The results of the questionnaire survey show that 87% of the respondents participated in the democratic elections in the village, and less than 2% of the respondents reported that they did not care about the elections. This also confirms that the local democratic election of village officials has indeed been held, and farmers' democratic awareness has also been enhanced. But what is worrying is that the author found in the interview that there are bribery, threats and other canvassing phenomena in the "democratic election". This shows that local democratic elections have not been fully implemented and the form is too heavy.

When asked whether "village affairs (mainly finance) are open", 67% of the respondents think that they are not open. This shows that the openness of local village affairs is very low, and many farmers are not satisfied. This also laid a poisonous root for the canvassing phenomenon in the election.

Comparing the problems reflected above with the government's policy of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", we can easily see that the government's policy is good and has been recognized by farmers' friends, but there are many problems in its implementation. The author believes that this mainly comes from two aspects: first, the lack of coordination and communication, the deviation of the feasibility of government policies in specific conditions and regions, and the lack of coordination and communication among government departments at all levels on this point, making some policies a mere formality; The communication between grass-roots departments and farmers is not enough, which makes farmers misunderstand and cannot fully mobilize their enthusiasm, thus making it difficult to implement the "three rural" policy. Second, the weak grass-roots supervision system has made many corruption problems in rural areas unresolved, which has had a very bad impact on farmers, leading farmers to think that they do not cooperate with the government's relevant measures to develop agriculture and rural economy, which fundamentally restricts the implementation of the "three rural" policy. The author believes that only by solving these two problems can we further solve the "three rural issues" and better implement the "three rural issues" policy.