How can I know if the other party has received the text message?

There is a delivery report in the SMS settings. Open it, so that when the other party receives the message, there will be a message to tell you that the message you sent has been delivered.

The short message sent by the mobile phone shows that it has been sent. Is it possible that the other party can't receive it?

It should be received under normal circumstances, and it is almost impossible to receive it. If this happens, on the one hand, the network has an influence, on the other hand, the mobile phone user has not turned on the phone, and it will not be seen after the storage time.