How to spend the Spring Festival! Urgent need!

The Spring Festival customs of the ethnic group: generally eating rice cakes, dumplings, glutinous rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, poached eggs, large meatballs, whole fish, wine, oranges, apples, peanuts, melon seeds, candies, fragrant tea and delicacies. ; accompanied by dusting, washing bedding, preparing New Year's goods, pasting Spring Festival couplets, pasting New Year pictures, pasting paper cuttings, pasting blessing characters, lighting candles, lighting fires, setting off firecrackers, staying up late, giving lucky money, paying New Year greetings, visiting relatives, visiting ancestral graves, and shopping There are many activities such as flower market and community fire, which are the ultimate family fun. For example, the New Year's Eve dinner is particularly important: firstly, the whole family must gather together, and those who have not returned for some reason must leave a seat and a set of tableware to reflect the meaning of reunion; secondly, the meal is sumptuous, and "mouth color" is emphasized, and the rice cake is called "bubugao". The dumplings are called "Wanwanshun", the wine is called "Changliushui", the eggs are called "Big Yuanbao", and the goldfish is called "Nian Nian Yu"; this fish is not allowed to be eaten, it is called "Kan Yu" and must be reserved for the first day of the new year edible. In areas in the north where there are no fish, fish are often carved out of wood as a substitute. Third, the seats are arranged in an orderly manner, with the ancestors often at the top. The grandchildren are in the middle and the parents are at the bottom. Everyone, regardless of gender, old or young, drinks alcohol. Close the door when eating, and the excitement will stop.

It is still customary to hang Chinese knots during the Spring Festival in Tianjin. Before New Year’s Eve, Tianjin people have the custom of going to Qiaoxiang Pavilion in Tianjin Ancient Culture Street to ask for Chinese knots, which means Qiaoxiang receives blessings.

Every country has its own characteristics in New Year’s Eve family banquet dishes. In the old days, most people in Beijing and Tianjin would make dry rice, stew pork, beef and mutton, stew chicken, and make a few stir-fry dishes. Shaanxi family banquets generally consist of four large plates and eight large bowls. The four large plates are mainly stir-fried and cold dishes, and the eight large bowls are mainly stewed and cooked dishes. Meat dishes in southern Anhui include braised pork, tiger skin meat, meatballs, muxu pork, steamed pork, stewed meat and pork liver, pig heart, pork belly products, as well as various fried pork slices, fried shredded pork, etc. In the eastern region of Hubei, there are "three steams", "three cakes" and "three pills". "Three steams" are steamed whole fish, steamed whole duck and steamed whole chicken; "three cakes" are fish cakes, meat cakes and mutton cakes; < /p>

The "Three Balls" are fish balls, meat balls, and lotus root balls. In Harbin, people usually fry 8, 10, or 12 or 16 dishes. The main ingredients are nothing more than chicken, duck, fish and vegetables. The New Year's Eve dinner in southern Gansu usually consists of 12 dishes. In some places in Zhejiang, it is usually served as "Ten Big Bowls", which means "ten blessings". It mainly consists of chicken, duck, fish and various vegetables. In Nanchang, Jiangxi, there are usually more than 10 dishes. Dishes include four cold dishes, four hot dishes, eight major dishes, and two soups.

There are one or more essential dishes at New Year’s Eve family banquets in various places, and these dishes often have some auspicious meanings. For example, in the Suzhou area, there must be green vegetables (Anle vegetables), soybean sprouts (Ruyi vegetables), and celery (Qinqinchen) on the table. In the central and southern Hunan area, there must be a carp of about one kilogram, which is called "Tuan Nian fish". A pork knuckle of about 3 kilograms is called "Tuannian knuckle". There are two fish on the dining table in central and southern Anhui. One is a complete carp, which can only be looked at but not eaten. It not only respects the ancestors but also means that there will be more than enough every year. The other is. Silver carp is edible, symbolizing the succession of descendants and prosperity. The first bowl of rice at the Qimen family banquet is "Zhonghe", which is made of tofu, mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots, dried shrimps, fresh meat, etc., which means "harmony." "Making money".

There is a bowl of "Chicken Claws" on the dining table in Hefei, which means "grasping money and getting rich." The housekeeper wants to eat a chicken leg, which is called "Catching Money Claws", which means "grabbing money and making money". To bring wealth and treasure. The head of the family in Anqing will eat a bowl of noodles called "Qianchuanzi" before the meal. In Nanchang area, they must eat rice cakes, braised fish, fried rice noodles, eight-treasure rice, and boiled soup. There will be fish every year, a good harvest, rice in bunches, eight treasures to bring wealth, and prosperity every year.

Eating dumplings

Dumplings are popular in northern areas during the Spring Festival, which symbolize reunion and good luck. To say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, people in the past dynasties have put a lot of effort into filling dumplings. Whoever eats the dumplings will get rich in the coming year; whoever eats the dumplings will get honey. It means a sweet life in the coming year and so on.

Door God

There is a custom of sticking a door god during the Chinese New Year. Initially, the door god was carved into peach wood and hung next to the person. A portrait of the door god is painted and posted on the door. The legendary brothers Shen Tu and Yu Lei specialize in guarding the door. With them, evil spirits of all sizes do not dare to enter and cause harm.

However, the door god recorded in the real history books. , not Shencha and Yulong, but an ancient warrior named Chengqing. It is recorded in Ban Gu's "Hanshu Biography of King Guangchuan": There was an ancient painting on the door of King Guangchuan (Quji). Portrait of the warrior Cheng Qing, wearing short clothes, long trousers and long sword. In the Tang Dynasty, the position of the door god was replaced by Qin Shubao and Yuchi Jingde.

The narrative in "Journey to the West" is even more detailed, "The Dragon King of Jinghe broke the rules of the factory in order to make a bet with a fortune teller and deserved to be executed. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zheng as the supervisor and executioner. Jinghe The River Dragon King begged Emperor Taizong for mercy, and when it was time to kill the dragon, he summoned Wei Zheng to confront him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zheng took a nap, and then his soul ascended to heaven and killed the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong was unfaithful and shouted for his life outside the palace day and night. General Qin Shuzhuo said, "I would like to wait outside the palace with Yuchi Jingde. Taizong agreed that night." Because he couldn't bear the hard work of the two generals, he ordered his skillful painter to paint the real faces of the two generals and paste them on the door."

There are also paintings of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as door gods. There is one door god statue on the left and right door respectively. Later generations often painted a pair of door gods as civil and military. There are three types of door gods: the first type is the "door god", which is usually posted on the car door or the entire door. It is about four or five feet high and two or three feet wide. The second type is the "street door god", which is usually posted on the small street door. It is about two feet high and one foot wide. These two door gods are two gods, one with a black face and one with a white face. White left and black right, white good and easy, black ferocious and evil, each holding a yue. The third category is the "house door god", which is slightly smaller and more limited than the street door god. It also has two gods, black and white, but there are also two gods, black and white, who are seated. The most common thing on the door of the house is a picture of "Qilin delivering his son", two dolls painted with powder and grease and combed with prince crowns, each riding a Qilin. This kind of door god was supposed to be posted on the door of the newly married house to bring good luck, and later it became a New Year decoration on ordinary street doors.

Spring couplets

Spring couplets are derived from peach charms. "Peach symbols" are rectangular peach boards hung on both sides of the door in the Zhou Dynasty. According to "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Etiquette", the peach charm is six inches long and three inches wide. The two gods "Shen Tu" and "Yulei" are written on the peach board. "On the first day of the first lunar month, a peach charm is made and placed in the household. It is called a fairy tree and is feared by all ghosts." Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Chronicles" says: "The Spring Festival couplets are also peach charms."

During the Five Dynasties, in the court of Western Shu, someone wrote couplets on peach symbols. According to "History of the Song Dynasty: Shu Family": Meng Chang, the lord of the later Shu, ordered Zhang Xun, a scholar, to inscribe a peach wood board, "because he was not a craftsman, and he wrote the inscription in his own Mingbi: 'New Year's greetings, and the festival number Changchun'". This is China's The first Spring Festival couplet. Until the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Taofu". There is a line in Wang Anshi's poem, "Thousands of households are always replacing old talismans with new peaches". In the Song Dynasty, the peach charms were changed from peach wood boards to paper, called "spring stickers".

In the Ming Dynasty, the peach charms were renamed "Spring Couplets". Chen Yunzhan of the Ming Dynasty recorded in "Miscellaneous Stories of Hairpin Cloud Tower": "The creation of Spring Festival couplets dates back to Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. In the imperial capital of Jinling, before New Year's Eve, a decree was suddenly issued: Spring couplets must be added to the doors of the houses of ministers and common people. A Spring Festival couplet appeared on the occasion of the imperial visit." Zhu Yuanzhang Not only did he go out of the city in disguise to watch the laughter, he also wrote Spring Festival couplets himself. He passed by a house and saw that there were no Spring Festival couplets posted on the door, so he went to inquire and found out that this was a house that castrated pigs and had not hired anyone to write them for them. Zhu Yuanzhang specially wrote a Spring Festival couplet for the pig man, "Cleaving the road of life and death with both hands, and cutting off the roots of right and wrong with one knife." The association is appropriate and humorous. After Ming Taizu advocated it, Spring Festival couplets became a custom and have been passed down to this day.

Pasting blessing characters, window grilles, New Year pictures, and hangings

These all have the folk custom functions of praying for blessings and decorating the residence. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China. They reflect the customs and beliefs of the people and express people's hopes for the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from the "door god". Spring couplets developed from the names of Shen Tu and Yu Lei to text, while New Year pictures still developed along the direction of painting. With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year pictures is no longer limited to door gods, but gradually invites the God of Wealth into the home, and then in some New Year painting workshops, "Three Stars of Fortune, Luxury and Longevity", "Blessings from Heavenly Officials", " Colorful New Year pictures such as "A bumper harvest", "Prosperous livestock", "Welcome the Spring and receive blessings" can satisfy people's good wishes of celebrating the good year. Because Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty advocated posting Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival, New Year paintings became popular due to his influence. Three important producing areas of New Year paintings appeared across the country: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong, forming the three major schools of Chinese New Year paintings. In the early years of the Republic of China, Shanghai Zheng Mantuo combined the calendar with New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This two-in-one New Year picture later developed into a wall calendar. Hanging Qian is to use auspicious words engraved on red paper with a long ruler and stick it in front of the door to complement the peach charms. Those with figures of the Eight Immortals on them were hung in front of the Buddha. It is mostly used by thousands of households, but less used by aristocratic families. The yellow paper is three inches long and the red paper is more than an inch long. It is a "small hanging thousand" and is used by shops. The earliest hanging Qiandang was made of coins (copper coins). Like New Year's money, it has the effect of suppressing victory.

Pasting the word "福" upside down

While pasting Spring Festival couplets, some families will paste the word "福" in large and small sizes on their house doors, walls and lintels. Posting the word "福" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in my country. The word "福" refers to blessing and luck, expressing people's yearning for a happy life and their wishes for a better future. In order to more fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply paste the word "福" upside down to express "happiness has arrived" and "blessing has arrived". Folks also use the word "Fu" to make various patterns in detail, such as longevity stars, longevity peaches, carps jumping over dragon gates, good harvests, dragons and phoenixes, etc.

Setting up a heaven and earth table

This is a temporary offering table specially designed for New Year’s Eve. Generally, homes that do not have a large Buddhist hall attach great importance to the Heaven and Earth Table, because they usually make less offerings to the Buddha, and at the end of the year a large reward is given to the gods and Buddhas. In addition, this table is mainly used to receive the gods. The content of the Heaven and Earth Table is different from that of the permanent Buddhist hall. In addition to the usual hanging money, incense candles, five offerings, and large offerings, most of the idols enshrined there are temporary, such as "hundred percent". It is a woodcut album of god statues; "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods of the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth" is a full deity code printed with watercolor woodcut on a large yellow edged paper; portraits of the three stars of fortune, longevity and longevity, etc. Some of the above statues were burned immediately after receiving the gods, such as "100%". Some have to wait until Powu or even the Festival of Lanterns to burn them. The location of the heaven and earth table is not uniform. If the main room is spacious, it can be placed in the house. If there is no space in the house, it can be placed in the courtyard. Legend has it that this night is when the gods from the sky descend to the realm, so there is a custom among the people to receive the gods.

Watching the Spring Festival Gala

Although this is not a custom, after entering the 1980s, due to the popularity of television, the Spring Festival Gala became an indispensable cultural feast for Chinese people ! Every year, more than 1 billion people watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or the Internet!

Staying up late

Chinese people have the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve, which is commonly known as “staying up late”. The New Year's Eve dinner begins with the New Year's Eve dinner. This New Year's Eve dinner should be eaten slowly, starting from the time when the lanterns are turned on. Some people have to eat until late at night. According to Zong Mao's "Jingchu Years' Records", the custom of eating New Year's Eve dinner has existed at least in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The custom of keeping the year old includes not only a feeling of nostalgia for the passing years, but also a good hope for the coming New Year.

Set off firecrackers on the first day of the Lunar New Year

There is a Chinese folk saying of "opening firecrackers". That is to say, when the New Year arrives, the first thing every household does when they open the door is to set off firecrackers to ward off the old and welcome the new with the beeping sound of firecrackers. Firecrackers are a specialty of China, also known as "firecrackers", "firecrackers" and "firecrackers".

When midnight strikes, the New Year’s bell rings, and the sound of firecrackers rings across the entire land of China. In this "three yuan" moment of "the yuan of the year, the yuan of the month, and the yuan of the time", some places still build a "vigorous fire" in the courtyard to show that the energy is strong and prosperous. Around the blazing fire, the children set off firecrackers and jumped happily. At this time, there were bright lights inside the house, brilliant sparks in front of the court, and loud noises outside, pushing the lively atmosphere of New Year's Eve to its climax. . Poets and writers of all ages have always praised the coming of the New Year with their most beautiful verses.

Wang Anshi's poem "Yuan Ri":

The sound of firecrackers marks the end of the year, and the spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu.

Thousands of households are as bright as the sun. Always replace old talismans with new ones.

Describes the festive scene of the Chinese people celebrating the Spring Festival. The sound of firecrackers is a symbol of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and an expression of festive mood. For businessmen, setting off firecrackers has another meaning: they set off firecrackers on New Year's Eve to make big profits in the new year. However, according to old customs, you should be the first to honor the God of Wealth, and the last to set off firecrackers. Legend has it that if you want to make a fortune, the firecrackers should sound until the end to be considered sincere.

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Eating New Year’s Eve dinner

While the children are playing and setting off firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for the housewives in the kitchen. It was prepared a few days ago, and the New Year's Eve dinner must be cooked by the chef on New Year's Eve. In the north, dumplings for the New Year's Day are also made on the 30th night. At this time, every chopping board was busy chopping meat and chopping vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards came from every house, the sound of firecrackers came from the streets and alleys, the sound of abacus and accounts came from the small shops, and mixed with the laughter everywhere, one after another, filled with ears, intertwined into a cheerful New Year's Eve movement.

Eating New Year’s Eve dinner is the most lively and happy time for every household during the Spring Festival.

New Year's Eve. The table is filled with sumptuous New Year dishes, and the whole family is reunited. Sitting around the table and enjoying the reunion dinner, the sense of fulfillment in my heart is really indescribable. People not only enjoy the table full of delicacies, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold basins, hot stir-fries, and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot. One is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, indicating that it is prosperous; "fish" and "yu" are homophonic, symbolizing "abundance in auspicious celebrations" and "abundance every year". There are also radish, commonly known as cabbage, which is used to wish good luck; lobster, fried fish and other fried foods are used to wish prosperity for the family, just like "fire cooking oil". The last part is usually a sweet dish, wishing you a sweet life in the future. On this day, even if you don’t know how to drink, you can drink a little.

There are many famous New Year’s Eve dinners, which vary from north to south, including dumplings, wontons, long noodles, yuanxiao, etc., and each has its own specialties. Northerners are accustomed to eating dumplings during the Chinese New Year, which means "Geng Sui Jiao Zi" (Geng Sui Jiao Zi), the transition between the old and the new. And because the white flour dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, serving them on the table symbolizes "making a fortune in the new year, and the ingots rolling in". When making dumplings, some people also wrap a few coins that have been sterilized in boiling water, saying whoever eats them first will earn more money. The custom of eating dumplings was passed down from the Han Dynasty. According to legend, the medical sage Zhang Zhongjing saw that the ears of the poor were rotten by the cold during the twelfth lunar month of winter, so he made a "Quhan Jiao Er Decoction" to treat frostbite for the poor. He used mutton, chili peppers and some cold-warming medicinal materials, wrapped them in dough to make ear-shaped "Jiao Er", cooked them in a pot, and distributed them to the poor. After eating, people felt their whole body warm and their ears warm. Later, people followed suit and it has been passed down to this day. Eating wontons during the New Year means taking the beginning of the new year. Legend has it that the world was in a state of chaos before it was created. Pangu created the world, and then there were four directions in the universe and long noodles, also called longevity noodles. Eating noodles in the New Year is a wish for a hundred years of longevity.

Joining the Gods

Joining the Gods is a distinction between the old and new years, but the time of receiving the Gods is not uniform. Some ceremonies begin as soon as Zizheng arrives, some begin to receive the gods at "Zizheng" time, that is, at midnight, and some begin after "Zizheng". After offering sacrifices to the stove, all the gods returned to the heavenly palace and ignored the secular affairs of the human world. At midnight on New Year's Eve, that is, when the new year came, they came to the human world to take care of affairs. The ceremony of receiving the gods is held in front of the heaven and earth table, and is presided over by the eldest member of the family. Because the directions in the heaven where the gods live are different, the directions from the lower world are naturally different. As for which god to pick up and where the god comes from, you must check the "Constitution" in advance, and then lead the whole family to hold incense and pick up the god according to the direction in the courtyard. . For example, the "Constitution" of the Xinwei Year instructs: "The God of Wealth is due to the east, the God of Fortune is to the south, the God of Gui is to the northeast, the God of Joy is to the southwest, the God of Taisui is to the southwest, etc." After kowtowing according to the direction, stand still until the incense is gone, kowtow again, and finally remove the incense roots, idols, ingots, etc., and put them into the money and grain basin that has been prepared in the courtyard for burning. When burning, burn pine branches, sesame straw, etc. together. Firecrackers went off during the reception, and the atmosphere was extremely intense.

Trampling on the evil spirit

After receiving the god, spread sesame straw from the street door to the house door, and people walk on it and make a crackling sound, which is called "trampling on the new year". It's called "trampling on evil spirits". Since "broken" and "haunted" have the same pronunciation, it means starting to drive away evil spirits in the new year.

Ancestor Worship

In ancient times, this custom was very popular. Due to the different etiquette and customs in different places, the forms of ancestor worship are also different. Some go to the wild to visit their ancestors' tombs, some go to the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors, and most of them place the ancestor's tablets in the main hall in sequence at home, display the offerings, and then the worshipers press the long The younger ones offer incense and kneel down in order. When Han people worship their ancestors, they usually make fish and meat bowls, which are served in high bowls, which is quite similar to eating with bells and cauldrons. For southerners living in Beijing, ancestor worship is particularly grand. Most of them are eight bowls of dishes, with a hot pot in the middle and cups and chopsticks according to the spiritual position. On New Year's Eve, New Year's Day and New Year's Eve, the hot pot is fanned out and the dishes can be changed at any time. Banner people worship their ancestors, which is different from Manchuria and Mongolia. Mongolian Banner people offer yellow rice noodles fried in butter, which are fried in sesame oil and dipped in white sugar when they are removed, which gives them a different flavor. Manchurian bannermen worshiped their ancestors and offered walnut cakes, hibiscus cakes, apples, and plain wax sandalwood, which was extremely quiet and solemn. On New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, vegetarian rice dumplings are served, and on Yuan Yuan night, the Lantern Festival is served. Every morning and evening, incense is burned, kowtow is offered, and new tea is offered. Although there are different forms of ancestor worship, most of them are hung on New Year's Eve and the offerings are withdrawn on the night of the Lantern Festival. Relatives and friends who are close to you must also visit the ancestor hall when paying New Year's greetings. Not only should they be careful to follow the distant past, but they will never forget their intentions, because of the virtue of respecting their ancestors. , also saved by this.

Sending the God of Wealth

In the old days, since the opening of the Wealth Gate at midnight during the Spring Festival, people would send gifts to the God of Wealth. They would hold a piece of paper printed on the God of Wealth outside the door and shout: "Send the God of Wealth." Here comes the Lord!" At this time, the owner of the house, in order to welcome the God of Wealth, gave the visitor a reward, and of course he always said some auspicious words when giving it to the God of Wealth.

For example: "The gold and silver treasures are rolling in"! "There are a pair of golden lions on the left and a pair of golden phoenixes on the right"! And so on and so on. Another way is to dress up as the God of Wealth, wearing a red robe, a gauze hat, a fake beard, and a yellow bag for collecting money, followed by a few gongs and drums, going from house to house. Distribute statues of the God of Wealth in order to collect rewards. Whenever they arrive at someone's door, they sing "The left compartment is filled with gold and silver, the right room is filled with treasures" and many other auspicious words, until the owner happily takes the red paper God of Wealth statue and gives them some money. The people pretending to be the God of Wealth, after thanking them repeatedly, beat vigorously for a while, and moved to other houses amidst the sound of gongs and drums.

Drink Tusu wine

Tusu wine is a medicinal wine. In ancient customs, the whole family drank Tusu wine on Yuan Day to dispel unhealthy energy. The method of making Tusu wine is: use one penny of rhubarb, one penny and five cents of platycodon, and one penny and five cents of Sichuan pepper, one penny and eight cents of osmanthus heart, one penny and two cents of dogwood, and one or two pieces of saposhnikovia. Take it up at Yinshi and boil it for four or five times with wine. In ancient times, the way to drink Tusu wine was very unique. Most people always start drinking from the oldest ones; but when drinking Tusu wine, it is just the opposite, starting from the youngest ones. Probably the young ones grow up day by day and drink first to show their congratulations, while the older people drink later to show their retention as each year passes. Su Che, a writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Chu Ri" that "I drink Tusu at the end of every year, and I am more than seventy years old before I know it." This is what this custom is about. This unique drinking order often evoked various emotions in ancient times, so it left a deep impression on people.

Every other year's meal

In the north, some families also provide a bowl of rice, which is cooked before the new year and served during the New Year. It is called "every other year's meal" because there is leftover every year. There is endless food to eat all year round, so this year it means eating the food from the past year. This pot of rice and millet is usually cooked with a mixture of rice and millet. As the saying goes in Beijing, it is called "two rice rice" because it has yellow and white. This is called "gold and silver, and the pot is full of gold and silver". The cakes, fruits and pastries prepared in many places during the observance of the year are all intended to bring good luck: eating dates (early spring), eating persimmons (all goes well), eating almonds (happy people), and eating immortality fruit (immortality) ) and eat rice cakes (which get higher every year). On New Year's Eve, the whole family ate, had fun, talked and laughed.

Forms of New Year greetings

With the development of science and technology, the form of New Year greetings during the Spring Festival has also gone beyond the traditional door-to-door delivery of blessings, and new forms of New Year greetings have emerged, such as telephone New Year greetings and greeting cards. New Year greetings, New Year greetings via SMS, online New Year greetings, etc. In addition to enriching the tradition of New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, these forms of New Year greetings are also favored by more and more people because of their simplicity, convenience, speed, no time, space, and national boundaries, liveliness, and low cost. According to statistics, every Spring Festival, billions of text messages are sent to send New Year greetings via mobile phones, and the number of participants who send greeting cards and New Year greeting webpages online is even more numerous.