L 1: What is a noun clause? Detailed!

Nominal clause: Its function is equivalent to a noun, which can be divided into subject, object, predicative and appositive clauses according to its components in a sentence. Nominal clauses must be declarative word order.

Commonly used guiding words:

1. That is meaningless and does not act as a component in the noun clause;

2.Where/if's "whether" does not act as a component in the clause;

3.who "who" is the subject in the clause and can be used as the object and predicate in spoken language;

4. Whom "who" is used as an object and predicative in clauses;

5.which's "whoser" is used as an attribute and predicative in clauses;

6. What "what" and "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. which "which, which" is used as subject, object, predicative and attributive in clauses, which has a clear meaning range;

8. When "when" is used as adverbial and predicative of time in clauses;

9. Where "where" is used as an adverbial and predicative in clauses;

10.why "why" is used as adverbial and predicative in clauses;

11.how "how, how" is used as an adverbial and predicative in clauses. Phrases composed of how can also lead to nominal clauses, which can be used as adverbials in clauses, such as how many, how long, how fast, how frequent and how far …

12. Because "because" is used as an adverbial of reason in the clause;

13. As if/as if "as if" does not act as a component in the clause;

14. whatever "whatever" can be used as subject, object and predicative in both the main clause and clause;

15.whowhowhowhocan be used as an object and predicative in both the main clause and the clause;

16. Everything can be used as subject, object, predicative and attribute in both the main clause and the subordinate clause;

17. No matter which "no matter which" can be used as subject, object, predicative and attribute in the main clause and clause, its meaning has a clear range;

I. Principal clauses

A clause used as a subject.

Common guiding words: that, where, who, who, what, which, when, where, why, how much, how long, how far, how fast, how often, who, who, what, whichever one;

1._ _ _ _ _ _ What the teacher said today is quite right.

It is obvious that they are in urgent need of help.

3. _ _ _ _ _ _ They will sell the house, but it hasn't been decided yet.

4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is said to be confidential here.

5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has made mistakes and must be corrected.

It's a pity that she made such a mistake.

7. _ _ _ _ _ We haven't decided yet.

8. _ _ _ _ _ What surprised me most was his attitude.

9. _ _ _ _ _ It is clear that he was elected monitor.

10. _ _ _ _ _ He hasn't gone yet.

Note: 1, the subject clause is the subject and the predicate is singular; But more than two clauses are subjects and predicates are plural;

What he said is inconsistent with what he did.

2. You can use "it" as the formal subject and put the subject clause behind;

There are mainly the following sentence patterns:

It+v+ adjectives/nouns+clauses

It's a pity that we missed the last train.

It is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

I'm glad we're going to have a party.

It is important/necessary/natural/easy/strange/impossible for sb to do sth. /something. Do (should) do …

It is necessary for you not to sleep in class.

2)It+ intransitive verb+clause

It seems that he is from America.

It happened that his parents were not at home when he called.

3)It+be+ past participle+clause

It is said that ... it is said that ...

As we all know ... as we all know. ...

It is reported ... it is reported. ...

It is believed that ... it is believed that ...; It is believed that ...

It was suggested ... it was suggested. ...

Hope ... people hope. ...

It must be pointed out that ... it must be pointed out that ...

It has been proved that ...

It is said that Tom once studied in America.

It is reported that a storm is coming.

It has been proved that this theory is correct.

In the subject clause, "that" cannot be omitted when it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. If "it" is the official subject, and the "that" clause is put behind in spoken language, "that" can be omitted;

Second, the object clause

Put it after a verb, preposition or adjective as an object.

Common guiding words: that, where, if, who, who, what, which, where, why, how, how much, how long, how far, how fast, how often, who, who, what, whichever one;

1. I think a healthy diet should contain a lot of green vegetables and fruits.

I wonder if you can do me a favor.

3. Whether the manager agrees with this plan depends on _ _ _ _ _ _.

The teacher asked little Tom that he was the first to discover America.

He asked me that the pronunciation of _ _ _ _ _ _ is the best in our class.

6. He told me that _ _ _ _ _ happened on his way to school.

7. Do you think the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ team will win the game?

8. You can do what you like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

9. I will give this job to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with rich working experience.

10. I didn't know that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ he would go to America.

Note: 1. When including object complements, the following sentence patterns are usually used:

Subject+verb +it+ object complement+object clause;

I think it is necessary for us to ask his advice.

2. Prepositions are often followed by wh- words leading clauses, and rarely with that (except prepositions but, except, in). If the clause after a preposition is guided by it, it must be used as a formal object.

It seemed a long time before he came home.

You can rest assured that they will support you.

She is lucky because she has friends to help her.

After "be+adj", you can often follow an object clause guided by that, which can also be called an adverbial clause of reason.

I am afraid I can't accept your invitation.

She is glad that her daughter passed the exam.

4. Negative transfer: If the object clauses connected with the words "think, believe, assume, guess, expect, imagine" are negative sentences, the negative words will often come to the main sentence in advance.

He doesn't believe that we have finished the work.

I don't think he cares about it, does he?

5. When the object clause guided by "that" is used as the object of a verb or adjective, "that" can be omitted, but if there are two juxtaposed "that" clauses, the following "that" cannot be omitted;

I heard that Tom is good at football, and he joined the club last week.

6. Time characteristics of object clauses

① If the main clause uses the present tense (including the general present tense, the general future tense and the present perfect tense), the clause can use any corresponding tense according to the situation;

I hear that they will be back in a week.

Do you know why he left without saying goodbye?

I'm not sure whether he has been to the Great Wall before.

② When the main clause uses the past tense, the clauses should use the corresponding past tense (including the general past tense, past continuous tense, past future tense and past perfect tense);

She hesitated whether to accept our suggestion.

He told me that his son was watching TV.

He said that he had been in London for two days.

Note: when the clause means "truth, aphorism, proverb, scientific fact", the clause uses the present tense;

My grandfather told me that the earth is round.

Third, predicative clauses

Predicative clauses are placed after copulative verbs, such as be, seem, look, etc. , explain and explain the subject, and make it concrete;

Commonly used guiding words: that, where, who, who, who, what, which, when, where, why, how much, how long, who, how long, who, what ever, what ever, what ever, why, why.

1. What she wants to know is the computer she should buy.

The problem is that _ _ _ _ _ can do this job.

What I want to know is that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all the answers are correct.

He was late for school today; It's unfortunate that he missed the first bus.

It seems that he comes from America.

The problem is that he has no work experience.

The problem is that we should ask them for help.

8. He missed the first bus today; That was _ _ _ _ _ _ He was late for school.

9. This is your mistake.

/kloc-0 0. The problem is that he can get food and clothes.

Note: 1. Leading words are usually not omitted;

2. When "reason" is the subject, the predicative clause is guided by "that";

The reason why he was ill was that he was caught in a heavy rain.

3. The fact is ...

The trouble/difficulty/problem is …

The fact is that he has never been there before.

The problem is that we lack funds and technology.

Four. Appositive clause

Put appositive clauses after nouns to further explain the specific content of nouns.

Commonly used guiding words: that, when, where, where, why, who, who, who, how …

The appositive clauses are usually placed after the following nouns: news, words, ideas, facts, truth, reasons, thoughts, doubts, beliefs, hopes, promises, possibilities, order, proposals, suggestions, suggestions, needs …

There is little hope that they will survive.

The news came that our team had won.

I don't know why she left

They doubt whether he can pass the final exam.

He didn't accept my suggestion that we should start early.